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1.
研究了杂交水稻青优159(母本青A,父本R159)和广优四号(母本广A,父本青六矮)及其亲本功能叶片的希尔反应活性、光合磷酸化、ATP含量及ATP酶活性等。实验结果表明了两组杂交水稻功能叶片的希尔反应活性高于其亲本,其超亲优势分别为13.44%、13、93%,平均优势分别为26.44%、1774%;功能叶片的光合磷酸化活性亦有杂种优势,其超亲优势分别为21.35%、18.81%,平均优势分别为34.06%、22.71%;杂种F1的两种ATP酶(Cd -ATP酶和Mg -ATP酶)活性和叶组织中ATP含量均高于其亲本,亦表现出明显的杂种优势。另外从我们的试验结果中还可以见到,希尔反应活性、光合磷酸化活性、ATP酶活性及ATP含量与光合速率的大小有密切的正相关关系,说明这些生理生化特性可以作为高光合速率杂交水稻鉴别的指标。  相似文献   

2.
本文以我们的研究结果为基础,并结合国内外近几年有关研究报道,对植物体细胞胚发生中的超策结构和ATP酶活性时空分布动脉及内源激素的变化和作用进行专题评述。(1)超微结构的变化:当植物体细胞一量转化为胚性细胞后,各种细胞器相继增加,不仅丰富而且活跃,特别是线粒体内发达,有的正处于分裂状态;核糖体聚集成多聚核糖体;质体中含大量淀粉粒,接着出现高尔基体等。早期胚性细胞与周围细胞还存在胞间连丝,随着胚性细胞壁的加厚,胞间连丝也随之消失。(2)ATP酶时空分布动态:早期的胚性细胞中ATP酶反应产物主要沉积于质和液泡上,后期ATP酶活性转入细胞内,液泡和细胞核中,而且在胚性细胞壁加厚处有活跃的A5P酶活性反应,并证明ATP酶活性是在胚性细胞发生过程中形成的。(3)内源激素的变化与作用:在体细胞胚诱导过程中内源激素起着关键性作用,内源生长素含量的提高为胚性细胞的诱导奠定了基础,细胞分裂素含量的增加可促进胚性细胞的分裂和增殖,ABA不仅提高了体细胞胚的诱导频率,而且促进了体细胞胚的正常发育。  相似文献   

3.
本文以我们的研究结果为基础,并结合国内外近几年有关研究报道,对植物体细胞胚发生中的超微结构和ATP酶活性时空分布动态及内源激素的变化和作用进行专题评述。⑴ 超微结构的变化:当植物体细胞一旦转化为胚性细胞后,各种细胞器相继增加,不仅丰富而且活跃,特别是线粒体内嵴发达,有的正处于分裂状态;核糖体聚集成多聚核糖体;质体中含大量淀粉粒,接着出现高尔基体等。早期胚性细胞与周围细胞还存在胞间连丝,随着胚性细胞壁的加厚,胞间连丝也随之消失。⑵ ATP酶时空分布动态:早期的胚性细胞中ATP酶反应产物主要沉积于质膜和液泡膜上,后期ATP酶活性转入细胞内,液泡和细胞核中,而且在胚性细胞壁加厚处有活跃的ATP酶活性反应,并证明ATP酶活性是在胚性细胞发生过程中形成的。⑶ 内源激素的变化与作用:在体细胞胚诱导过程中内源激素起着关键性作用,内源生长素含量的提高为胚性细胞的诱导奠定了基础,细胞分裂素含量的增加可促进胚性细胞的分裂和增殖,ABA不仅提高了体细胞胚的诱导频率,而且促进了体细胞胚的正常发育。  相似文献   

4.
小麦离体叶片在水中暗下衰老时出现呼吸高峰,体内ATP量也逐渐上升,到达高峰后再下降,两者的变化相平行。KT处理延迟呼吸高峰来临,ABA处理呼吸高峰提前。在光下衰老或用KT处理时,叶片内ATP水平较暗下或水中低。光下以及KT处理中,即延迟衰老作用最明显时,体内ATP水平最低。  相似文献   

5.
K型小麦花粉粒内壁及ATP酶活性与雄性不育的相关性   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
姚雅琴  张改生等 《西北植物学报》2002,22(2):333-337,T001
运用电镜和细胞化学标记技术,研究比较了K型雄性不育系与其保持系花粉粒内壁发育过程中的超微结构和ATP酶活性变化。结果表明,保持系和不育系花粉粒内壁的发生均从花粉第一次有丝分裂后开始,发育初期2种类型的花粉粒质膜上均具有ATP酶活性反应。随着内壁的加厚,保持系花粉粒质膜上的ATP酶活性增加,当内壁加厚到一定程度时,内壁中形成膜性结构的管状通道,在管状通道中具显著的ATP酶活性反应;其成熟花粉粒萌发孔区的细胞质隆起,孔盖被推出,内壁和周围组织具极显著的ATP酶活性反应。不育系花粉粒随着内壁的加厚,质膜上的ATP酶活性变化不明显,内壁比保持系的厚,没有正常的管状通道的形成和ATP酶活性反应;萌发孔区细胞质隆起不明显,孔盖内陷,内壁和周围组织没有ATP酶活性。分析认为,K型小麦雄性不育花粉粒内壁结构的这种畸形变化及ATP酶活性反应的差异,可能是造成花粉粒败育的重要因素。  相似文献   

6.
超干贮藏榆树种子萌发过程中ATP和可溶性糖含量的变化   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
汪晓峰  杨世杰等 《植物生理学报》2001,27(5):413-418,T001
经过超干(种子含水量3.73%)贮藏(普通室温下2个月)的榆树种子萌发过程中ATP与可溶性糖含量和ATP酶,淀粉酶,抗氧化酶的活性都高于对照(种子含水量9.34%,普通室温下贮藏),说明适度的超干贮藏有利于保持种子活力。  相似文献   

7.
朱晓梦 《蛇志》2011,23(2):114-116
目的 观察大鼠急性颅脑损伤后脑组织ATP酶活性及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化,探讨急性颅脑损伤后脑水肿的发病机制.方法 将72只SD大鼠随机分为正常组(N组)、假手术对照组(S组)、急性颅脑损伤模型组(ACI组),其中S组和ACI组于造模后分为2、6、24、72 h时间点,每个时间点8只大鼠;取大鼠伤灶区脑组织测定Na+-K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活性、TNF-α含量及脑组织含水量.结果 急性颅脑损伤后脑组织Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性降低(P〈0.05),TNF-α含量升高(P〈0.05);颅脑损伤后24 h脑水肿较严重.相关性分析提示,Ca2+-ATP酶活性与TNF-α含量呈负相关(P〈0.05).结论 急性颅脑损伤后可引起脑组织ATP酶活性降低、TNF-α含量增加,两者可能协同参与了急性颅脑损伤后脑水肿.  相似文献   

8.
枸杞胚性细胞分化的超微结构和ATP酶的细胞化学定位研究   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
枸杞的胚性细胞多由愈伤组织表层的薄壁细胞分化而来,与愈伤组织中未分化的细胞相比,胚性细胞呈卵圆形,细胞核大,核仁明显,细胞质浓厚并含有丰富的细胞器,细胞壁较薄,细胞间有胞间连丝相通;胚性细胞发育到晚期细胞壁加厚,胞间连丝逐渐消失,细胞核向一端偏移,有大液泡形成;胚性细胞的第一次分裂多为均等分裂,形成二细胞原胚,继续分裂形成多细胞原胚;组成多细胞原胚胚体的细胞核大,核形状不规则,细胞质浓厚,细胞器丰富,在质体中出现淀粉的积累。在胚性细胞发育的早期,ATP酶活性主要位于质膜上,随后在液泡内和细胞核中都出现ATP酶活性的分布;随着胚性细胞壁的加厚,细胞壁加厚处和细胞间隙中也出现ATP酶活性反应;当多细胞原胚形成后,ATP酶活性反应主要定位于液泡膜上。由此分析了结构特征、ATP酶活性定位变化与胚性细胞分化的关系。  相似文献   

9.
通过研究木薯Manihot esculenta高粉和低粉品种贮藏根在发育关键期(形成–膨大期)主要生理生化性质的差异及其动态变化,为木薯栽培管理和育种改良提供理论基础。对高粉木薯品种‘辐选01’(FX01)和‘Kasetsart 50’(KU50)以及低粉品种‘华南124’(SC124)和‘9I’于种植后120、130、140、151和165 d五个时期分别取贮藏根样品,测定淀粉、可溶性糖、脱落酸(ABA)、保护酶、活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)等生理生化指标并分析变化规律。结果表明,可溶性糖含量在贮藏根皮层中始终高于淀粉储藏区;高粉品种中总可溶性糖含量在贮藏根膨大期快速增加,且表现出较高的抗氧化酶活性和较低的ROS及MDA含量;ABA含量呈现出高粉品种比低粉品种低的趋势。木薯低粉和高粉品种中可溶性糖的分布与其转运后合成淀粉的规律相一致,高粉品种中淀粉的积累速率始终高于低粉品种,其较高的抗氧化酶活性和较低的ROS及MDA含量有利于木薯贮藏根中淀粉的积累。  相似文献   

10.
为探讨葛根发育过程中淀粉合成关键酶活性与块根产量和淀粉积累的关系,以初步揭示其内在的生理机制。该研究以‘桂葛1号’粉葛和‘桂葛8号’野葛为材料,采取生理测定法对农艺性状、直链和支链淀粉的含量、淀粉合成关键酶活性等进行测定,并对葛根发育过程中淀粉合成关键酶活性、农艺性状和淀粉含量动态变化的关系进行相关性分析。结果表明:(1)块根发育过程中,两品种葛根腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、束缚性结合淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)的活性呈现先增大后降低的单峰曲线变化,与直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量由缓慢增长到快速增长后趋于稳定的变化趋势基本一致,即在块根形成期至膨大期逐渐增长,至膨大后期达到最大,之后迅速下降,至成熟期缓慢下降,并维持在较高水平。(2)‘桂葛8号’的淀粉含量和产量显著高于‘桂葛1号’,其酶活性也均显著高于‘桂葛1号’。(3)葛块根的根长、根粗、单株重、干物质含量、产量表现为“缓慢-快速-稳定”的变化趋势,淀粉含量表现出类似变化。(4)相关性分析结果显示,4个淀粉合成关键酶活性与块根直链淀粉、支链淀粉及总淀粉含量、根长均呈显著或...  相似文献   

11.
发育中的花生胚在无激素固体培养基上高体培养时提前萌发,其发芽力随胚的成熟增加而提高。果针入土后40d胚的发芽率达100%。禹体培养过程中,外源ABA能够阻止花生胚提前萌发和促进胚的发育。胚成熟前期,较低浓度的ABA(10~(-5)mol/L)便抑制胚的萌发;而在成熟中期以后,则要求较高浓度的ABA(10~(-4)mol/L)才能抑制胚的萌发。ABA对成熟前期胚的贮藏蛋白质合成无影响,而对成熟中期至后期胚的贮藏蛋白质合成起促进作用。ABA维持花生胚贮藏蛋白质合成和积累的作用表现在转录水平上。  相似文献   

12.
Bare-root seedlings of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) were lifted in January and stored at 1.8°C, at 82% relative humidity, until their fresh weight declined by 33%. Root growth potential (RGP), fine root electrolyte leakage (REL), fine root water content (RWC), shoot tip water content (SWC), starch and metabolic solute contents in root and shoot, were measured just after lifting and after treatment. Survival of treated seedlings was also assessed in a field trial. RWC, SWC, REL, RGP were dramatically affected by desiccation during cold storage. In both species, root soluble carbohydrate level, inositol level and isocitrate level increased, whereas root starch level and shoot soluble carbohydrate level decreased. In northern red oak, treated seedlings had higher root contents of soluble carbohydrates, inositol and proline than in pedunculate oak. Moreover, treatment induced proline accumulation only in northern red oak roots. These differences could explain why field survival of treated seedlings was significantly better in northern red oak than in pedunculate oak.  相似文献   

13.
The effects of post harvest application of ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) treatments or dark storage on root induction and continued growth of regenerated roots in Pelargonium cuttings were investigated using hydroponics in the greenhouse. Ethylene markedly increased rooting percentage in ‘Greco’ and ‘Surfing’, reduced the number of roots per cutting in ‘Surfing’ and had no effect on the total root lengths in the two cultivars. Ethylene treatment reduced fresh root mass in ‘Surfing’, increased dry root mass and reduced root water content in both cultivars. ABA (50 μM) enhanced rooting percentage in ‘Greco’, reduced the number of roots per cutting, reduced total root lengths and fresh root mass in both cultivars. ABA increased dry root mass and reduced root water content in ‘Surfing’ but this effect was not apparent in ‘Greco’. Storing cuttings in the dark for 4 days had no effect on rooting percentage and number of roots per cutting in ‘Greco’ and ‘Surfing’. However, dark storage reduced total root lengths in ‘Surfing’ and reduced fresh root mass in ‘Greco’. Dark storage had no effect on dry root mass and water content in both cultivars. Applying 4 μl l−1 IBA in the rooting solution induced maximum (100%) root induction in ‘Surfing’. However, IBA reduced the number of roots per cutting in ‘Greco’, reduced total root lengths and fresh root mass in the two cultivars. IBA treatment profoundly increased and reduced dry root mass and root water content, respectively, in ‘Greco’ and ‘Surfing’. The enhanced root induction observed after IBA and ABA applications could be ascribed to their influence on ethylene biosynthesis, since ethylene treatment increased rooting percentage in both cultivars. However, high ABA (100 μM) and IBA (12 μl l−1) levels or dark storage reduced the ability of induced roots to continue growth. We attribute our results to plant stress-response mechanism and ethylene appears to play an important role in the process of root initiation and root growth in Pelargonium cuttings.  相似文献   

14.
植物在离开生长环境较短时间内(1~6 h)会导致缓慢的表面水分散失,引起自然的干旱胁迫。本文以耐旱植物长春花(Catharanthus roseus)为材料,研究其在离土干旱胁迫中的脱落酸(ABA)及可溶性糖含量变化。结果表明,长春花根部ABA含量在正常条件下低于叶片中的含量,干旱胁迫促进了ABA在根部的积累,6 h时增加至最高值。蔗糖酸性转化酶活性可能受到ABA的诱导在胁迫6 h时最高,比对照高出30%左右。长春花叶片中总可溶性糖含量在对照条件下非常稳定,但在干旱胁迫过程中,其随着时间的延长呈现线性增加的趋势(r2=0.964),蔗糖和已糖含量在胁迫过程中也呈增加的趋势,可能发挥着渗透调控节功能。  相似文献   

15.
在土柱栽培条件下研究膜下滴灌土壤深层水对棉花根系生长的影响及与植株地上部生长的关系,设置土壤(60 ~ 120 cm)有深层水和无深层水2个处理,每处理设2个生育期间灌溉处理,分别为田间持水量70%和55%.结果表明:棉花总根质量密度、40 ~ 120 cm土层根长密度、根系活力等与地上部干质量间均具有显著的相关关系.生育期间耕层70%田间持水量条件下,土壤有深层水处理的总根质量密度与无深层水处理无明显差异,但40 ~ 120 cm土层的根长密度增加,根系活力增强,提高了土壤贮备水消耗量,增加了地上部干质量,最终获得较高的经济产量及水分利用效率.土壤有深层水条件下,生育期间耕层55%田间持水量处理的根冠比较大,40~120 cm土层根长密度和80~120 cm土层根系活力相对较高,土壤贮备水消耗量大幅提高,但仍无法弥补生育期间水分亏缺对根系及地上部生物量造成的负面影响,导致经济产量显著低于70%田间持水量处理.综上,充足的土壤深层水配合生育期间耕层65% ~75%田间持水量,可促进棉花根系向下生长,有利于实现膜下滴灌棉花节水高产高效生产.  相似文献   

16.
在福建三明陈大国有采育场杉木幼苗小区,采用土钻法和内生长环法,以非隔离降水为对照,对隔离降水50%处理一年的杉木幼苗细根生物量和形态、化学计量学、比根呼吸、非结构性碳水化合物等功能特征进行研究.结果表明: 与对照相比,隔离降水处理0~1 mm细根生物量显著降低,1~2 mm细根生物量差异不显著;隔离降水导致细根在形态上发生了适应性变化,0~1 mm和1~2 mm细根比根长分别增加21.1%和30.5%,0~1 mm细根组织密度显著降低,而比表面积显著增加.隔离降水导致细根氮的富集,但限制了对磷的吸收,氮磷比升高,导致营养失衡;隔离降水没有显著改变细根比根呼吸和非结构性碳水化合物含量,但导致1~2 mm细根可溶性糖、糖淀比显著降低,淀粉含量增加33.3%,表明其通过增加非结构性碳水化合物贮存比例以应对降水减少.  相似文献   

17.

Fine roots are vital for water and nutrient uptake in plants. Understanding the responses of metabolic traits to changing environmental conditions is critical, but little is known. In this study, the carbohydrate content of fine roots was characterized for six soil layers and three diameter classes in a Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana) forest on the Tianshan Mountains of China. Soil nitrogen addition can influence carbohydrate content, but the degree is related to soil layer and fine root diameter. Specifically, as nitrogen (N) levels increased, the soluble sugar, cellulose, lignin and structural carbohydrate content (SC) all increased and then decreased; the starch and non-structural carbohydrate content (NSC) decreased gradually. In addition, N addition had significant effects on starch and cellulose content, as well as total carbohydrates. The interaction between root diameter and N addition also influenced soluble sugars, cellulose and NSC, while the three-way interaction among N addition, soil layer and diameter only affected cellulose content and NSC/SC. In the control treatment (no nitrogen addition), the following soil factors influenced fine root metabolism in order of decreasing importance: C:N, C:P, N:P, C, N, water content, bulk density, pH, conductivity, and P. In the N addition treatments, the soil conductivity, pH, and N content were strongly correlated with root metabolic characteristics.

  相似文献   

18.
The physiological and morphological factors necessary for efficient accumulation of sucrose in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) are considered in relation to potential uses of plant growth regulators to modify the anatomy of storage roots so as to increase sucrose content and yield. The percentage of sucrose in root fresh and dry matter is closely related to root structure. Sugar beet, mangold and chard are three sub-species of Beta vulgaris that differ considerably in their anatomy, assimilate partitioning, sucrose concentration and root dry matter yield. The concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins were measured during the growth of the storage root in each of these cultivars. Correlations were found between the phytohormone levels and the formation of secondary cambia and their subsequent cell division and expansion activity.  相似文献   

19.
The linkage between K and the development of storage roots in root crops is partially understood, hence this experiment determined some of the mechanisms involved in cassava. The effects of 10, 40, 70, 100, 150 and 200 mg K l−1 fertigation on photosynthetic attributes, soluble carbohydrates, starch, metabolites, growth and yield were studied in a greenhouse. Storage root yield, number of storage roots, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis reached maximum at 150 mg K l−1. However, soluble carbohydrates and starch in the leaves significantly declined with an increasing concentration of K solution, similarly to the trend of glycerol in the leaves. Conversely, malic acid, citric acid and propionic acid gradually increased reaching maximum at 150, 150 and 70 mg K l−1 respectively. Combined, these results suggest that sugars were transported from the leaves to a stronger sink – the bulking storage roots. This and the increase of intermediate metabolites of tricarboxylic acid cycle provided the energy required for the bulking process and the development of the storage roots. Although the measured parameters indirectly link K to storage root development, they nonetheless form a basis for studies on direct interactions.  相似文献   

20.
Bulb abscisic acid (ABA) concentration has been shown to decrease in stored onions, and onset of sprouting to occur at minimal ABA concentration. It was postulated that increasing prestorage bulb ABA concentration could increase storage life. Analogues of ABA that enhance biological activity and resist degradation are available and are becoming commercially viable. Exogenous ABA and an ABA analogue (8′-methylene ABA methyl ester; PBI-365) were applied separately as preharvest foliar sprays to six onion cultivars with varying storage potential. Quality indicators including pyruvate, total soluble solids and firmness were determined at regular intervals during storage. Neither ABA treatment increased endogenous bulb ABA concentration. Bulb ABA concentration decreased during storage and the onset of sprouting occurred at a minimal ABA concentration (ca. 50–120 ng g−1 DW). This was followed by an increase in ABA concentration as sprout growth continued. No straightforward relationship between ABA and carbohydrate metabolism could be determined.  相似文献   

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