不结球白菜杂种优势及相关分析

以4个不结球白菜不育系与4个父本系以NCⅡ法配制16个杂交组合,研究了16个F1组合的杂种优势表现及其与亲本之间的相关关系,同时对性状间的遗传相关进行分析.结果表明:不结球白菜产量性状杂种优势＞农艺性状杂种优势＞光合性状杂种优势＞品质性状杂种优势.产量性状以超亲优势为主,农艺性状和光合性状以中亲优势为主,品质性状中可溶性糖含量以中亲优势为主, Vc含量和蛋白质含量均为弱的负向优势.亲子相关分析表明,一些性状F1与中亲值、低亲值或高亲值显著相关,因此在亲本选配时,注意亲本差异的同时,中亲值特别是低亲值不能过低,尤其是品质性状.性状间相关分析显示,光合性状与产量性状显著正相关,说明F1高效的光合同化作用是杂种高产的基础.品质性状中,可溶性糖含量与产量显著正相关,但Vc和蛋白质含量与产量负相关,在亲本选配时还应注意二者的协调.     

杂交稻特殊配合力与杂种优势、亲本间遗传距离的相 关性

杂交水稻育种的实质是配合力育种, 筛选高特殊配合力的杂交水稻组合才能选育出在生产上有实用价值的强优势组合。文章利用SSR标记检测了9个三系杂交稻亲本(5个不育系和4个恢复系)之间的遗传距离, 结合20个杂交稻组合(5×4 NCII)的产量表现, 分析了杂交水稻特殊配合力(Special combining ability, SCA)效应与产量杂种优势、亲本间遗传距离的相关性。结果表明, 特殊配合力效应与对照优势(相关系数r₁=0.5609)、平均优势(相关系数_r2=0.541)之间均呈显著正相关, 而与亲本遗传距离之间相关不显著, 相关系数(r=0.2143)较小。说明本研究所配组合的特殊配合力效应能充分反映杂种优势, 选用的杂交亲本能组配出强优势组合; 而杂交亲本遗传距离的大小并不能反映特殊配合力效应, 分子标记遗传距离与特殊配合力的相关性还有待于进一步的探讨。     

标准切花菊杂交F1代群体侧枝侧蕾性状的杂种优势和遗传分析

以标准切花菊〔Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.〕品种'优香'('Yuuka')为母本、品种'神马'('Jinba')为父本进行杂交,对杂交F1代群体的单株侧枝平均长度、单株侧枝数、单株侧枝数与单株叶节数的比值(R1)、主蕾直径与侧蕾直径的比值(R2)、单株侧蕾数以及主蕾与侧蕾间距离6个性状进行杂种优势和相关性分析,并利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型检测这些性状的主基因效应.结果显示:杂交F1代群体6个侧枝侧蕾性状的变异系数为2378%~5065%,且侧枝性状的变异系数总体上高于侧蕾性状;各性状的频次均呈现连续性的正态分布趋势,说明这些性状可能属于多基因控制的数量性状.杂交F1代群体的6个侧枝侧蕾性状均在001水平上表现出显著的中亲优势,表明各性状均存在显著的杂种优势.6个性状中,单株侧枝平均长度的中亲值最大(6230 mm),R1的中亲值最小(026);单株侧枝平均长度、R2和主蕾与侧蕾间距离的中亲优势均为正值,单株侧枝数、单株侧蕾数和R1的中亲优势均为负值.6个性状的中亲优势率为-5374%~3128%,其中,单株侧枝数的中亲优势率最小,而主蕾与侧蕾间距离的中亲优势率最大.相关性分析结果显示:单株侧枝平均长度和单株侧枝数均与R1呈极显著正相关,并与R2和单株侧蕾数呈极显著负相关;R2与侧蕾数也呈极显著正相关,且二者均与主蕾与侧蕾间距离呈极显著正相关.混合遗传分析结果显示:单株侧枝平均长度、R1、R2和单株侧蕾数均受2对主基因控制,符合B-1模型,主基因表现为"加性-显性-上位性",这4个性状的遗传率分别为7707%、9672%、6438%和5307%;单株侧枝数也受2对主基因控制,符合B-2模型,主基因表现为"加性-显性",该性状的遗传率为7438%,表明这5个性状的遗传存在主基因控制效应.而主蕾与侧蕾间距离符合A-0遗传模型,说明该性状无主基因控制,易受环境影响.     

6个烟草杂交组合花药再生苗的培养和DH群体的构建

以6个烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)杂交组合的花药为实验材料,对各杂交组合花药再生苗出苗状况及培养过程中添加H液体基本培养基对花药出苗状况的影响进行了比较分析;在此基础上,采用质量体积分数0.4%秋水仙素浸苗法构建加倍单倍体(DH)群体,对加倍处理后不同杂交组合再生苗的成苗率、大田移栽成活率及染色体加倍率等进行分析,并对杂交组合DH1单倍体和加倍单倍体植株叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数的差异进行了研究。结果表明:不同杂交组合每枚花药的出苗数、加倍处理后再生苗的成苗率、大田移栽成活率及染色体加倍率有较大差异。其中,每枚花药出苗数为1.57～3.30,杂交组合DH5每枚花药的出苗数最多,达到3.30株,显著高于其他5个杂交组合(P<0.05);加倍处理后再生苗的成苗率为21.12%～33.42%,大田移栽成活率为91.87%～98.86%,杂交组合DH6的成苗率和大田移栽成活率最高;染色体加倍率为6.64%～10.78%,杂交组合DH4的染色体加倍率最高。花药培养约15 d后,添加H液体基本培养基能够显著促进杂交组合DH1和DH2花药出苗。杂交组合DH1单倍体苗和加倍单倍体苗叶片气孔保卫细胞的平均叶绿体数分别为9.27和17.46,二者比值接近1∶2,差异显著。通过花药培养和染色体加倍处理,分别获得了6个烟草杂交组合的DH群体。     

杂交水稻幼芽呼吸和抗氰呼吸强度的研究

本文研究了13个水稻杂交组合幼芽总呼吸强度和抗氰呼吸强度,发现杂交水稻幼芽总呼吸和抗氰呼吸强度多表现为负优势。杂种幼芽总呼吸强度及抗氰呼吸强度与其亲本均值均呈极显著正相关,回归关系亦极显著。杂种幼芽抗氰呼吸和其中亲值的差值与其父母本之差值呈显著正相关,而杂种幼芽呼吸强度其中亲值的差值与其父母本之差值呈不显著负相关。认为杂种幼芽的抗氰呼吸强度和总呼吸强度均可由其双亲均值预测,抗氰呼吸强度作为杂种优势预测生理指标的潜力更大一些。     

粳稻杂交一代及其亲本的硝酸还原酶活力

木文以水稻4个杂交组合一代及其相应的亲本为材料，观察了杂交一代及其亲本的硝酸还原酶活 力之间的关系。结果表明，杂交一代硝酸还原酶活力高低与其亲本硝酸还原酶活力高低有密切相关。 即，亲本酶活力低与高或中与95的杂交一代酶活力同高亲，而中与中或低与中的杂交一代酶活力i于双 亲，表现一定的杂种优势。     

烤烟胞质雄性不育杂种经济性状的杂种优势表现

以自育的3个烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)胞质雄性不育系和4个国内推广烤烟品种为材料,配成12个杂种,研究烤烟6个经济性状(产量、产值、均价、上等烟比例、上中等烟比例和级指)的杂种优势表现。结果表明:(1)经济性状的离中优势相当普遍,100%组合的产值和产量存在显著的正向离中优势,其它经济性状有12.50%-83.33%组合的离中优势达显著或极显著水平;(2)有较多组合的产量和上等烟比例存在超高亲优势,其中分别有75.00%和66.67%组合的超高亲优势达到显著或极显著水平,其它经济性状也有8.33%-50.00%组合的超高亲优势达到显著或极显著水平;(3)MsYZ203-6×红花大金元组合在6个经济性状上均表现极显著的超亲优势,MsYZ206-9×云烟87组合在除均价外的5个经济性状上表现极显著的超亲优势。     

栗属杂交F1代生长与枝条性状遗传变异及杂种优势分析

为探索栗属杂交F₁代幼林期生长、枝条性状遗传变异规律及杂种优势,并为栗属育种亲本选配及早期选择指标筛选奠定理论基础,该研究以锥栗、板栗种内和种间9个杂交组合子代及其亲本为材料,在分析F₁代幼林期生长、枝条性状遗传变异规律及杂种优势的基础上,利用SSR分子标记检测7个亲本的遗传距离,进而分析栗属杂交子代生长、枝条性状杂种优势与亲本遗传距离间的关系。结果显示：(1)栗属杂交F₁代生长、枝条性状均存在较高的遗传变异,各性状组合间F值的变动范围为5.08~22.03,组合内的变异系数范围为6.60%~27.69%;各性状广义遗传力均在0.5以上,性状受遗传影响较大;除地径外,其他性状遗传传递力均大于100%,性状遗传稳定性较高;各性状中亲优势率为-6.01%~44.40%,且F₁代生长、枝条性状存在普遍的超亲分离现象。(2)28对引物在7个亲本中共检测出115个多态性等位位点,每对引物的等位基因数3~5个不等,平均每对引物等位基因数为4.1个,多态性程度较高;Shannons 指数(I)、多态性信息含量(PIC)的平均值分别为1.25、0.674,亲本遗传多样性较为丰富。(3)相关分析表明,杂交子代一年生枝长、一年生枝粗及节间距的杂种优势与亲本遗传距离均存在显著的线性关系,并随遗传距离增大杂种优势增强。     

杂交稻及其父母本萌发期生长与氨基酸的研究

杂交稻 F_1,在荫发期,幼苗的生长表现出很大的杂种优势,主要表现在苗干重和根干重两个方面。在16个杂交稻组合中,苗干重有6个组合表现为正超显性优势,3个组合为正部分显性优势,1个组合无显性优势,其余的组合为负的相对优势;其根干重的相对优势更强,有13个组合表现出正超显性优势,1个为部分显性优势,其余的为负的相对优势。在所有供试材料的17种氨基酸分析中。只有29.41%的 F_1的氨基酸呈正的相对优势,3.46%无显性优势,而67.13%表现出负的相对优势。各品种或组合间,氨基酸代谢极为复杂,一般与产量关系不明显,而与水稻的品质有关。     

普通小麦与粗山羊草正,反交的育性研究

普通小麦与粗山羊草杂交需借助幼胚培养方可获得杂种,取授粉１２～１６天的幼胚进行拯拯救,成苗率较高,效果较好。而不同杂交方式对共杂种成胚率、成苗率及思胚拯救率影响很大。以普通小麦为母本,粗山羊草为父杂交时,１５个杂交组合平均杂种成胚率,成苗率及幼胚拯率分别为５．３５％和５８．７３％,而在１２个反交组合中,其平均成胚率,成苗率及幼胚拯救率分别为９８．８８％、１７．１０％和２４．４４％。由此可见,普通小     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.