首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
鹭科鸟类群落的空间生态位和种间关系   总被引:26,自引:2,他引:24  
本文应用空间生态位理论,分析了浙江太公山常绿落叶针阔混交林鹭类繁殖季节的群落结构。鹭类群落由池鹭Ardeolabachus、白鹭Egretagarzeta、夜鹭Nycticoraxnycticorax、牛背鹭Bubulcsibis组成。根据鹭类的水平分布、垂直分布、栖位分布的生态位宽度值,采用Schoener(1968)生态位重叠、Cody(1974)“总和α”的方法制作了群落矩阵表和树杈状图。讨论了鹭类群落对空间的利用及种间的相互作用。  相似文献   

2.
高寒草甸十种雀形目鸟类繁殖生物学的研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
本文主要将作者1976年至1980年收集的高寒草甸10种常见的小型雀形目鸟类的繁殖特性作一概述,并对繁殖参数和影响繁殖的某些因素作一初步分析。此外,有关鸟类繁殖的许多指标,如种群中参加繁殖的雌体比例、繁殖期、产卵数、成活率等都是估测通过鸟类群落能量流的重要参数。因此,有关繁殖指标的数据将按估测能量流的要求处理(Wiens,1974),以供高寒草甸鸟类能量流的估测作为参考。  相似文献   

3.
于2010、2011和2012年5—7月在广西弄岗国家级自然保护区对喀斯特森林繁殖鸟类群落的集团结构进行了研究。对44种繁殖鸟类的取食方式、取食基层和取食高度进行聚类分析和主成分分析。其结果如下:(1)鸟类群落可分为6个取食集团,分别为地面取食集团、下层取食集团、上层取食集团、多层取食集团、树干取食集团和空中出击集团;(2)与其他森林类型的鸟类群落集团结构相比,喀斯特季节性雨林的鸟类群落以中、下层取食鸟类为主,多层取食集团次之。其原因可能是:弄岗喀斯特森林植被结构和鸟类食性特点形成了中下层取食的鸟类种数占优势的现象;鸟类以扩展各自生态位宽度方式来缓解竞争压力,从而形成了多层取食集团这一特点。  相似文献   

4.
2012年10月至2013年12月对内蒙古乌兰察布地区的鸟类区系及生态分布进行了调查研究。共记录到鸟类215种,隶属于17目48科。其中留鸟42种,夏候鸟101种,旅鸟67种,冬候鸟5种;繁殖鸟143种,构成区系的主体。繁殖鸟中古北界种类有118种,占繁殖鸟总数的82.5%,鸟类区系具有典型的古北界特征。国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类有5种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类有28种。依据地形地貌和植被类型,将该地区划分为湿地、林地、草地、农田、居民区5种生境,其中,湿地鸟类丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数最高,居民区鸟类丰富度、多样性指数和均匀度指数最低;优势度指数在居民区最高,在湿地生境中最低。从不同生境鸟类群落间β多样性的变化看,湿地与林地之间物种更替变化最大,群落相似性小;农田与居民区物种更替变化小,群落相似性大,与聚类分析的结果相一致。对该地区不同生境鸟类群落结构及其之间的关系进行了分析,探讨鸟类对栖息环境的选择以及鸟类与环境的关系。  相似文献   

5.
崇明东滩冬季水鸟生态位分析   总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9  
依据2003年冬季对崇明东滩自然保护区越冬水鸟的种类、数量、生境类型分布的最新调查数据,以及上海农林局10年来积累的越冬水鸟食性与形态的数据,采取聚类分析方法对崇明东滩冬季鸟类的群落生态进行研究,从鸟类的取食空间生态位、食性生态位以及形态生态位三个维度确认其生态资源分配状况,并由此确认了占据优势种群地位的鸟类在不同生态位维度上的分离是群落结构处于稳定状态的主要原因。  相似文献   

6.
广西金钟山鸟类调查及区系研究初报   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
1984—1989年间我们对金钟山的鸟类作了初步调查,共记录到鸟类158种(另附2亚种),分隶14目40科,其中繁殖鸟有131种和亚种(留鸟107种和亚种、夏候鸟24种)。并发现广西鸟类新纪录12种和亚种。在繁殖鸟的总数中,东洋界种以占77.9%居冠。在全部繁殖鸟中华南区分布有125种,列东洋界下属三区之首。据鸟类区系分析结果,作者认为金钟山在动物地理区划中应从原华中区改属华南区闽广沿海亚区较妥。  相似文献   

7.
陈潘  张燕  朱晓静  鲁长虎 《生态学报》2019,39(7):2282-2290
生物入侵威胁本地物种生存,破坏生态系统的结构和功能,是导致全球生物多样性丧失的重要原因之一。外来植物是入侵生物中的重要一类,可以显著改变本地植被群落,并影响其他生物类群。鸟类作为生态系统中的较高营养级,对由入侵植物引起的栖息地变化十分敏感。互花米草自引入中国沿海以来,其分布区域不断扩散,多数研究认为互花米草入侵造成本地生物多样性降低和生态系统退化。系统梳理了互花米草入侵对鸟类栖息地、食物资源、繁殖、群落等方面的生态影响。主要负面影响有:(1)植被群落结构不利于鸟类栖息、筑巢、觅食;(2)鸟类食物资源丰度和多样性下降;(3)本地鸟类种群数量和物种多样性显著下降。在我国东部沿海湿地,互花米草入侵已经显著改变了植被与鸟类分布格局。但随着入侵历史的增长,少数小型雀形目鸟类却可以逐渐适应互花米草生境。互花米草入侵为某些非本地鸟类提供了空白生态位,在一定程度上丰富了本地物种多样性,对互花米草的快速清除反而可能不利于已适应并依赖互花米草生境的鸟类。综上,认为互花米草入侵对鸟类群落甚至整个生态系统的影响可能需要更多研究进行综合评价,应开展长期、大尺度、多因子的监测研究和多物种比较研究,建立生态评价模型并制定科学有效的互花米草管理对策。  相似文献   

8.
鼎湖山森林鸟类群落的集团结构   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20       下载免费PDF全文
周放 《生态学报》1987,7(2):176-184
本文应用生态学中正在发展的集团理论,分析了鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林繁殖季节鸟类群落的组成。该鸟类群落由28种鸟组成。根据鸟类的取食方法、取食基层和取食高度取定的取食行为格局,使用了聚类分析法和主分量分析法把这鸟类群落划分为8个不同的取食集团。由于集团内成员的取食行为格局十分相似,把群落划分为集团后,更有利于研究群落内种间的相互作用,也便于了解群落内资源分割的情况。文中讨论了划分鸟类集团的依据,并就集团理论及其应用作了探讨。  相似文献   

9.
繁殖期鸟类的巢址选择受到很多因素的影响。许多雀形目鸟类选择在树上营巢,但开阔的沿海地区通常缺乏成片的自然林地,人工种植的廊道状海堤林则成为多种雀形目鸟类的营巢地。2018年4-8月在江苏省大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区境内的海堤林中,对繁殖鸟类巢的分布及两种优势繁殖鸟类---黑尾蜡嘴雀(Eophona migratoria)和黑卷尾(Dicrurus macrocercus)的巢址选择进行了研究,分析了两种鸟类的生态位重叠情况。结果表明:海堤林生境中共发现10种繁殖鸟的127个巢,鸟巢多数位于5 m以上的空间;影响黑尾蜡嘴雀巢址选择的主要因素是巢树和灌木等,巢位置、乔木和安全等因素是次要因素(前5主分量累计贡献率为71.9%);影响黑卷尾巢址选择的主要是巢树因素和灌木因素,巢向、乔木因子是次要因素(前5主分量累计贡献率78.0%);在巢址生态位分化上:两种鸟类的巢向(Utest,Z=-3.013,P<0.01)、巢高(Utest,Z=-6.718,P<0.01)、巢位置(Utest,Z=-5.402,P<0.01)、隐蔽性(Utest,Z=-4.081,P<0.01)选择上存在极显著的差异,两者在这些因子存在生态位分化;两种鸟类在12个巢址因子选择上的生态位重叠值都较大(最小值为0.500,最大值为0.998),存在激烈的种间竞争;在滨海地区,海堤林是依赖树木筑巢繁殖鸟类的重要栖息地,需要加强保护与管理。  相似文献   

10.
为了解贡嘎山东坡鸟类群落垂直多样性格局在繁殖季与非繁殖季的变化,本研究分别在繁殖季(2012年3至6月、2016年3至5月及2017和2018年两年的3至6月)、非繁殖季(2012年9和10月、2017及2018年两年的11和12月)用样线法对贡嘎山东坡海拔1 200 ~ 4 400 m区域开展了鸟类多样性调查。结果表明,繁殖季与非繁殖季的鸟类α多样性指数具有明显差异,季节变化对鸟类α多样性垂直分布格局有重要影响,且夏候鸟的迁徙、气温和植物花果期的季节性变化可能是影响鸟类α多样性分布格局的重要因子。尽管贡嘎山的山地季节性气候明显,但繁殖季和非繁殖季鸟类β多样性的垂直格局比较稳定,并与植被群落的垂直多样性格局有极显著正相关性,表明植被群落多样性是影响贡嘎山东坡鸟类β多样性的重要因子。繁殖季鸟类多样性热点在中海拔,而非繁殖季鸟类多样性热点则出现在中低和中高海拔。因此,山区不同季节的鸟类多样性变化与全海拔段的栖息地保护状况需要在今后的多样性研究和保护管理中引起重视。  相似文献   

11.
V. Parker 《Ostrich》2013,84(3-4):105-110
Parker, V. 1996. Modelling the distribution of bird species in Swaziland in relation to environmental variables. Ostrich 67: 105–110.

Logistic regression was used to model the observed distributions of 335 species in Swaziland in relation to variables representing the geology, topography, climate and vegetation types of the study area. Reporting rates were used to represent the relative densities of the species. For each species, the variables which were significantly associated with the distributions were identified. The combination of geological, topographic and climatic variables was found to account more fully for the variation in relative densities than the vegetation types. The models accurately predicted the observed distributions of most bird species.  相似文献   

12.
In this work, I tested the premise that the distribution of a group of few common bird species can be used to predict bird species hotspots in Central Italy. The data on bird observations were collected on 530 sampled sites (150 in cultivated, 150 in forest, 150 in grassland and 80 in urban and peri-urban environments). In each environment, sampled sites with values of bird species richness in the upper than third quartile were classified as high species richness spots (HSRS), while sites with lower bird species richness were classified as non-HSRS (binary classification system).Generalized Linear Models (GLM) were applied using HSRS or non-HSRS as binomial response variable and bird species occurrence was used as the predictor variable. All selected models showed “fair” or “good” capacities to predict the avian hotspots, using only few common birds (4–6) species. However, bird species selected as predictors were different on each environment. In more natural environments (grassland, forest), specialist species were selected, while in most disturbed environments (cultivated and urban) both generalist and specialist species were selected. The results are in agreement with other studies which show how homogenization of bird communities is strongly correlated to landscape disturbance. The findings supports the hypothesis that indicators have to incorporate both specialists and generalist’s species simultaneously. Furthermore, the groups of birds selected as surrogates are easy to detect and this makes it possible to involve citizen-science programmes in obtain data. This approach can be a cheap and efficient and can help to significantly speed up the process of assessing ecosystems that might be under threat.  相似文献   

13.
Habitat loss is the dominant threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in terrestrial environments. In this study, we used an a priori classification of bird species based on their dependence on native forest habitats (forest-specialist and habitat generalists) and specific food resources (frugivores and insectivores) to evaluate their responses to forest cover reduction in landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. From the patch-landscapes approach, we delimited 40 forest sites, and quantified the percentage of native forest within a 2 km radius around the center of each site (from 6 - 85%). At each site, we sampled birds using the point-count method. We used a null model, a generalized linear model and a four-parameter logistic model to evaluate the relationship between richness and abundance of the bird groups and the native forest amount. A piecewise model was then used to determine the threshold value for bird groups that showed nonlinear responses. The richness and abundance of the bird community as a whole were not affected by changes in forest cover in this region. However, a decrease in forest cover had a negative effect on diversity of forest-specialist, frugivorous and insectivorous birds, and a positive effect on generalist birds. The species richness and abundance of all ecological groups were nonlinearly related to forest reduction and showed similar threshold values, i.e., there were abrupt changes in individuals and species numbers when forest amount was less than approximately 50%. Forest sites within landscapes with forest cover that was less than 50% contained a different bird species composition than more extensively forested sites and had fewer forest-specialist species and higher beta-diversity. Our study demonstrated the pervasive effect of forest reduction on bird communities in one of the most important hotspots for bird conservation and shows that many vulnerable species require extensive forest cover to persist.  相似文献   

14.
In Australian urban environments, revegetation and vegetation restoration are increasingly utilized conservation actions. Simple methods that help assess the utility of urban vegetation for bird species will help direct this effort for bird conservation purposes. We therefore examine whether ecological principles can be used to predict, a priori, the relative abundance of different bird species in urban vegetation. Our model proposes that a bird species will be in greater abundance where vegetation structure better reflects its foraging height requirements, and this relationship will be moderated by the landscape context of the patch. To quantify and test this model, we created an index to rank existing and revegetated urban vegetation sites in order of greatest expected abundance for each of 30 bird species. We tested this model, alongside two simpler models which consider landscape context and foraging height preferences alone, using bird abundance data from 20 woodland remnants and 20 revegetated sites in Brisbane, Australia. From these bird abundance data, we calculated the relative abundance of each species between the top‐ranking sites and lowest‐ranking sites. The model which incorporated both foraging height requirements and landscape context made predictions that were positively correlated with the data for 77% of species in remnant vegetation and 67% in revegetation. The results varied across species groups; for example, we achieved lower predictive success for canopy foraging species in the less mature revegetation sites. Overall, this model provided a reasonable level of predictive accuracy despite the diversity of factors which can influence species occurrence in urban landscapes. The model is generic and, subject to further testing, can be used to examine the effect of manipulating vegetation structure and landscape context on the abundance of different bird species in urban vegetation. This could provide a cost‐effective tool for directing urban restoration and revegetation efforts.  相似文献   

15.
We assessed the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and bird species richness and composition within wetlands of the floodplain of the Middle Paraná River, Argentina. Given the high habitat heterogeneity in these wetland systems, we sought to determine whether (i) there was a positive relationship between bird species richness and habitat heterogeneity; (ii) whether bird species richness was associated with certain types of individual habitat types; (iii) whether there was a pattern of species nestedness and turnover between sites as a function of habitat heterogeneity and composition, respectively; and (iv) whether individual species exhibited associations with habitat heterogeneity. Point counts were used to survey birds at 60 sites. We estimated the area of eight habitat types found within a 200‐m radius from the centre of each site and calculated number and Pielou's evenness of habitat types. These indices, together with area proportion of each habitat type, were used as explanatory factors of bird species richness in linear regression models. Habitat heterogeneity per se rather than area of individual habitat types was a more important predictor of species richness in these fluvial wetlands. Sites with more habitat types supported more bird species. Results showed that individual bird species were associated with different habitat types and, therefore, sites that contained more habitat types contained more species. Number of habitat types accounted for species nestedness between sites whereas composition of habitat types accounted for species turnover between sites. Results suggest that selection of heterogeneous sites by individual species could help explain the positive heterogeneity–species richness relationship. Our findings highlight the importance of habitat heterogeneity per se resulting from flood disturbances in maintaining bird richness in fluvial systems.  相似文献   

16.
Although climate is known to be one of the key factors determining animal species distributions amongst others, projections of global change impacts on their distributions often rely on bioclimatic envelope models. Vegetation structure and landscape configuration are also key determinants of distributions, but they are rarely considered in such assessments. We explore the consequences of using simulated vegetation structure and composition as well as its associated landscape configuration in models projecting global change effects on Iberian bird species distributions. Both present-day and future distributions were modelled for 168 bird species using two ensemble forecasting methods: Random Forests (RF) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT). For each species, several models were created, differing in the predictor variables used (climate, vegetation, and landscape configuration). Discrimination ability of each model in the present-day was then tested with four commonly used evaluation methods (AUC, TSS, specificity and sensitivity). The different sets of predictor variables yielded similar spatial patterns for well-modelled species, but the future projections diverged for poorly-modelled species. Models using all predictor variables were not significantly better than models fitted with climate variables alone for ca. 50% of the cases. Moreover, models fitted with climate data were always better than models fitted with landscape configuration variables, and vegetation variables were found to correlate with bird species distributions in 26-40% of the cases with BRT, and in 1-18% of the cases with RF. We conclude that improvements from including vegetation and its landscape configuration variables in comparison with climate only variables might not always be as great as expected for future projections of Iberian bird species.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract Urban environments are highly modified with unique assemblages of bird species. Much of the research on urban bird assemblages comes from the northern hemisphere. Southern hemisphere bird assemblages differ from northern hemisphere assemblages in that they contain a large proportion of nectarivores. In this study we focus on bird use of street trees in Australia. We investigate the relative influence of tree species (plane tree, Platanus x acerifolia; red gums, Eucalyptus camaldulensis; jacaranda, Jacaranda mimosifolia; bottlebrush, Callistemon citrinus), season and the environment surrounding street trees, on the abundance and species richness of birds in Adelaide, South Australia. Our study considers birds in terms of granivore, nectarivore and insectivore trophic guilds. Nectarivores accounted for the greatest proportion of observations, in terms of abundance, in each of the tree species investigated. Species of street tree was a significant influence on bird use of the trees for all birds and each dietary guild. Red gums were used more than the other tree species by nectarivores, while plane trees were used more than the other trees by insectivores. Use of the tree species by granivores varied with the season. The measures of the environment surrounding street trees were largely unimportant with the exception of traffic for nectarivores in some cases. Urban avifauna use street trees and the species of tree will strongly influence its use by birds. However, the pattern of use of street tree species varied at different times of year and differed between different trophic guilds of birds. The dominance of nectarivores in the southern avifauna will likely produce different patterns of urban environment use to northern hemisphere avifaunas.  相似文献   

18.
Open audio databases such as Xeno-Canto are widely used to build datasets to explore bird song repertoire or to train models for automatic bird sound classification by deep learning algorithms. However, such databases suffer from the fact that bird sounds are weakly labelled: a species name is attributed to each audio recording without timestamps that provide the temporal localization of the bird song of interest. Manual annotations can solve this issue, but they are time consuming, expert-dependent, and cannot run on large datasets. Another solution consists in using a labelling function that automatically segments audio recordings before assigning a label to each segmented audio sample. Although labelling functions were introduced to expedite strong label assignment, their classification performance remains mostly unknown. To address this issue and reduce label noise (wrong label assignment) in large bird song datasets, we introduce a data-centric novel labelling function composed of three successive steps: 1) time-frequency sound unit segmentation, 2) feature computation for each sound unit, and 3) classification of each sound unit as bird song or noise with either an unsupervised DBSCAN algorithm or the supervised BirdNET neural network. The labelling function was optimized, validated, and tested on the songs of 44 West-Palearctic common bird species. We first showed that the segmentation of bird songs alone aggregated from 10% to 83% of label noise depending on the species. We also demonstrated that our labelling function was able to significantly reduce the initial label noise present in the dataset by up to a factor of three. Finally, we discuss different opportunities to design suitable labelling functions to build high-quality animal vocalizations with minimum expert annotation effort.  相似文献   

19.
西双版纳部分地区鸟类多样性初步考察   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
1992年12月,1993年11月及1994年4~5月,对西双版纳自然保护区内外的数个工作点进行了鸟类物种多样性的调查,共记录鸟类190种。分析表明雀形目鸟类物种多样性状态尚佳,而非雀形目鸟类类群(科种)多样性及物种多样性状态均恶化趋势,保护区内鸟类物种多样性状态明显较好,傣族墓葬地之龙山因依傍村落,农田及其他多种生境而具有相当丰富的鸟类物种多样性,是保护鸟类物种多样性不可忽视的一个方面,研究表明  相似文献   

20.
Zoos may play an important role in conservation when they maintain and breed large numbers of animals that are threatened with extinction. Bird conservation is in a privileged situation owing to the extensive biological information available about this class. Annual inventories produced by the "Sociedade de Zoológicos do Brasil" in the years 1981, 1990, 2000, and 2005 were analyzed. Variables, such as the number of zoos per geographic region; number of birds held; number of bird species in each IUCN threat category; number of exotic and native bird species; number of potentially breeding bird species; number of bird species in each order; and number of threatened bird species breeding, were analyzed. Brazilian zoos kept more than 350 bird species. The number of bird species and specimens held by the Brazilian Zoos increased from 1981 to 2000, but decreased in 2005. The same pattern was observed for the number of species in each IUCN threat category. Results showed that the potential of the Brazilian zoos in bird conservation needs to be enhanced because they maintain threatened species but do not implement systematic genetic, reproductive, or behavioral management protocols for most species.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号