重组黄杆菌肝素酶III的纯化、表征及培养条件对酶生产的影响

肝素酶III是一种特异性地裂解乙酰肝素的酶,在大肠杆菌中表达时容易形成包涵体。为实现肝素酶III的可溶性表达,利用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)与肝素酶III融合性能,通过构建相应的表达质粒pGEX-heparinaseIII,在大肠杆菌中实现了肝素酶Ⅲ的可溶性表达。粗酶通过一步亲和纯化其纯度可达95%以上。通过对LB培养基摇瓶培养Escherichia coli BL21的诱导时机、诱导剂用量、诱导时间等培养条件的优化,确定了该可溶性肝素酶III融合蛋白的最适生产条件。通过对纯酶的最适反应温度、pH、Ca2+浓度等一系列性质研究,确定了该酶的最适反应条件。     

重组黄杆菌肝素酶Ⅲ的纯化、表征及培养条件对酶生产的影响

肝素酶Ⅲ是一种特异性地裂解乙酰肝素的酶,在大肠杆菌中表达时容易形成包涵体.为实现肝素酶Ⅲ的可溶性表达,利用谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)与肝素酶Ⅲ融合性能,通过构建相应的表达质粒pGEX-heparinaseⅢ,在大肠杆菌中实现了肝素酶Ⅲ的可溶性表达.粗酶通过一步亲和纯化其纯度可达95%以上.通过对LB培养基摇瓶培养Escherichia coli BL21的诱导时机,诱导剂用量、诱导时间等培养条件的优化,确定了该可溶性肝素酶Ⅲ融合蛋白的最适生产条件.通过对纯酶的最适反应温度、pH、Ca~(2+)浓度等一系列性质研究,确定了该酶的最适反应条件.     

GST-His-Heparinase Ⅰ双标签融合蛋白的原核表达与纯化

以pET15b-HepⅠ为模板,通过PCR技术扩增出上游合有6×His标签的HepⅠ基因序列,克隆至表达载体pGEX-4T-1。测序鉴定后,将重组表达质粒pGEX-His-HepⅠ转入E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细菌,经IPTG诱导表达。表达产物可溶部分用GSTrap FF和HisTrap HP柱两步亲和纯化,所得产物经SDS-PAGE检测,在66 kDa和43 kDa处显示特异条带,分别与GST-His-HepⅠ和His-HepⅠ融合蛋白预期分子量相符;最终His-HepⅠ融合蛋白的比酶活为86.45 IU/mg,纯度高达99%,与仅一步亲和纯化得到的GST-His-HepⅠ融合蛋白相比,进一步提高了纯化后重组肝素酶的纯度。本研究为制备高纯度的HepⅠ提供了一种方法,对制备高安全性的LMwH和解析HepⅠ晶体结构具有重要意义。     

内江猪IL-18基因的克隆及原核表达

以ConA刺激的内江猪外周血单核淋巴细胞(PBMC)为模板,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出猪IL-18全长基因,克隆其成熟蛋白的编码基因(471bp)至pMD18-T克隆载体,经双酶切和测序获得阳性克隆。通过EcoRⅠ/XhoⅠ双酶切及连接反应,构建了pET-32a( )-IL-18原核表达质粒。经双酶切和DNA测序证实重组质粒构建正确,将阳性重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE,Western-blot证实表达出35kD左右的融合蛋白。经实验确定重组内江猪IL-18蛋白诱导表达的最佳条件为IPTG 0.2mmol/L,30℃诱导培养5h。在最佳表达条件下,pIL-18的相对含量为59.6%。内江猪IL-18的原核表达为重组IL-18的纯化及其生物学功能的进一步研究提供了基础。     

小鼠beta防御素2原核表达与抗菌作用的初步研究

构建小鼠β-防御素-2( mouse beta defensins 2,mBD2)原核表达质粒pET32/mBD2,进行蛋白诱导表达及纯化,测定并纯化蛋白的抗菌活性.旨在为选一步研究其生物学特性奠定基础.通过腹腔注射脂多糖(lipopoly-saccharide,LPS)建立小鼠急性时相反应,采用RT-PCR方法扩增mBD2成熟肽,经KpnⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后插入相同酶切的pET-32a(+)载体,构建的重组质粒.将鉴定正确的重组质粒转化大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21 (DE3),采用异丙基-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导融合蛋白的表达.通过镍亲和层析获得纯化的融合蛋白.将融合蛋白采用肠激酶酶切、洗脱并用滤纸片法测定目的蛋白的抗菌活性.成功构建了原核表达质粒pET32a(+)/mBD2,并转化工程菌BL21( DE3).在0.25 mmol/L IPTG、30℃诱导4h条件下获得的融合蛋白.采用抑菌试验证实蛋白具有一定的抑制革兰阳性菌及阴性菌生长的作用.本研究成功构建了pET32/mBD2原核表达质粒,得到了在大肠杆菌中稳定表达mBD2蛋白.     

人血清白蛋白-C肽融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

目的构建重组表达人血清白蛋白(HSA)-C肽(CP)融合蛋白的毕赤酵母表达菌株.方法根据表达系统的密码子偏好性优化CP基因,酶切连接pBlue-HSA质粒(HSA1 800bp)和CP(100bp)基因,将HSA-CP融合基因双酶切后插入分泌表达栽体pPIC9K中,重组质粒pPIC9K-HSA-CP经SalⅠ线性化后,电击转化毕赤酵母GS115,表型筛选Mut 转化子.PCR鉴定后,用甲醇诱导摇瓶分泌表达.结果融合基因约为1 900bp,序列测定正确.SDS-PAGE分析表明表达融合蛋白的相对分子量约为70kD,摇瓶培养表达量为140mg/L,Western blot鉴定显示表达的融合蛋白为HSA和CP的杂合分子.结论实现了HSA-CP融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达,细胞活性研究显示HSA-CP融合蛋白对人胚肾293细胞的生长具有一定的促进作用.     

肝素C5异构酶的表达优化及分子改造

肝素和硫酸乙酰肝素是一类应用于临床抗凝血的糖胺聚糖。肝素葡萄糖醛酸C5异构酶(Heparosan-N-sulfate-glucuronate 5-epimerase,C5,EC 5.1.3.17) 是肝素和硫酸乙酰肝素合成过程中重要的修饰酶,催化N-硫酸化肝素前体 (N-sulfoheparosan) 的D-葡萄糖醛酸 (D-GlcA) 上5号位羧基翻转生成L-艾杜糖醛酸 (L-iduronic acid,L-IdoA)。文中以大肠杆菌Escherichia coli为宿主对斑马鱼来源的肝素葡萄糖醛酸C5异构酶基因Glce进行重组表达优化与分子改造。比较了3种不同的表达载体pET20b(+)、pET28a(+) 和pCold Ⅲ对C5表达的差异情况,其中以嗜冷启动型载体pCold Ⅲ表达酶活最高,达到(1 873.61±5.42) U/L。为了进一步提高C5的可溶表达量,在N端融合促溶标签SET2后,可溶蛋白表达量比对照提高了50%,酶活达到 (2 409.25±6.43) U/L。在此基础上,通过理性设计对底物结合口袋进行定点突变,获得最优突变体 (V153R) 的酶活和比酶活分别为 (5 804.32±5.63) U/L和(145.14±2.33) U/mg,是原始酶的2.41倍和2.28倍。肝素C5异构酶改造与表达优化为酶法催化合成肝素奠定了基础。     

肝素硫酸转移酶优化表达及其在动物源肝素硫酸化中的应用

肝素是一种重要的凝血药物,目前主要依赖于动物小肠粘膜的提取。动物源肝素含有的抗凝血活性五糖单位GlcNS6S-GlcA-GlcNS6S3S-Ido2S-GlcNS6S少,抗凝血活性低下。文中提出并验证了一种基于酶法催化动物源肝素,提高其硫酸化程度和抗凝血活性的方法。通过比较3种硫酸转移酶肝素-2-硫酸转移酶(Heparan sulfate-2-O-sulfotransferase,HS2ST)、肝素-6-硫酸转移酶(Heparan sulfate-6-O-sulfotransferase,HS6ST)、肝素-3-硫酸转移酶(Heparan sulfate-3-O-sulfotransferase,HS3ST)在重组大肠杆菌及重组毕赤酵母中表达,确定了毕赤酵母作为3种硫酸转移酶的表达宿主;进一步通过N端融合麦芽糖融合蛋白MBP和硫氧还蛋白Trx A,HS2ST和HS6ST的酶表达水平分别提高至(839?14) U/L和(792?23) U/L。通过3种硫酸转移酶HS2ST、HS6ST和HS3ST共同催化动物源肝素,其抗凝血活性由(76?2) IU/mg提高至(189?17) IU/mg。     

细粒棘球蚴FABP基因的原核表达及蛋白鉴定

构建原核表达载体pET-FABP,优化表达条件,采用免疫学方法鉴定纯化的FABP融合蛋白。载体pMD19-T-FABP和pET-44a(+)经EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切,将回收的FABP片段与pET-44a(+)连接,构建原核表达载体pET-FABP并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,优化表达条件,纯化FABP融合蛋白,Western blotting鉴定。成功构建了原核表达载体pET-FABP并在大肠杆菌中高效表达。纯化后的蛋白经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定正确。构建的表达载体pET-FABP可以在大肠杆菌中大量表达Nus-FABP融合蛋白,为进一步研制FABP亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

L-谷氨酸氧化酶与CBD的融合表达及其在微晶纤维素上固定化分析

酶的固定化作为一种重要的技术,已在生物催化领域得到了广泛的应用。现将来源于普拉特链霉菌3304(Streptomyces platensis NTU3304)产生的胞外L-谷氨酸氧化酶(L-glutamate oxidase,Gox)基因gox融合到来源于粪碱纤维单胞菌Cellulomonas fimi的纤维素结合域(CBDcex)的基因上,构建表达载体p ETM10-Gox-CBD,并在大肠杆菌中表达。通过蛋白纯化获得融合蛋白,并命名为Gox-CBD。利用CBD对微晶纤维素特异性吸附的特性将其固定在微晶纤维素上,并对固定化酶的制备条件、结合量、酶学性质及其微晶纤维素结合稳定性等进行了研究。在4℃条件下结合约1 h,融合蛋白Gox-CBD结合在纤维素上的结合量即可达到9.0 mg/g。通过对重组型、融合表达游离的以及固定化在微晶纤维素上的谷氨酸氧化酶的酶学性质进行比较发现,固定化酶的比酶活有所降低;但固定化酶的热稳定性相对于游离酶有了很大的提高,在60℃孵育30 min后还保留有约70%的活性,而游离的重组Gox在相同条件下几乎完全失去活性。当固定化结合蛋白在p H10或者盐浓度5 mmol/L的Na Cl条件下可以牢固结合。并且可以通过一步纯化方法固定化融合蛋白Gox-CBD于微晶纤维素上。因此,L-谷氨酸氧化酶与纤维素结合域融合表达的研究为蛋白的纯化及酶的固定化提供了一种新策略。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.