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1.
江西阳际峰自然保护区陆生贝类物种多样性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2007年11月~2008年5月调查了江西阳际峰自然保护区陆生贝类资源,共采得陆生贝类47种(含2个未定种),隶属13科27属,其中16种为江西省陆生贝类新纪录种.区系分析表明,该保护区陆生贝类以东洋界成分为主,占种类总数的63.83%.其优势种为墙草真管螺和同型巴蜗牛.分析11个采集点生物多样性指数结果表明,Margalef丰富度指数(dMA)范围为0~6.2345;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数( H ′)范围为0~3.5676;Pielou均匀度指数( Jsw )范围为0~1.3610.环境越复杂,种类组成越丰富;物种分布越均匀的地区,陆生贝类多样性指数就越高. 相似文献
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动物名录整理是一项基础性工作, 对生物多样性的认识和保护计划的制订具有重要意义。通过对中国科学院神农架生物多样性定位站近20 年的监测数据和历史文献资料的整理, 对神农架世界自然遗产地的陆生脊椎动物进行了较为详实的汇总、分析与研究, 并结合近年来国内外各陆生脊椎动物类群的分类系统发育研究结果, 确定物种有效性和分类归属。神农架遗产地共有陆生脊椎动物29 目110 科312 属577 种, 占湖北省和全国脊椎动物物种种数的80.70%和19.81%。其中, 小黑领噪鹛(Garrulax monileger)、白眉林鸲(Tarsiger indicus)、褐冠山雀(Parus dichrous)和淡绿鵙鹛(Pteruthius xanthochlorus)为我们近期调查中发现的湖北省新纪录物种。在动物地理区划上, 东洋界分布的物种数(61.35%)是古北界分布物种数(30.68%)的两倍, 广域分布的物种仅占7.97%, 表明遗产地内东洋区动物占一定优势,兼有古北区的区系成分渗透其间, 反映出东洋界与古北界物种在遗产地交融汇集的特征。神农架遗产地共分布有中国特有陆生脊椎动物物种57 种, 分别占神农架陆生脊椎动物总数和全国特有陆生脊椎动物总数的9.88%和8.89%。对神农架遗产地陆生脊椎动物的汇总研究, 可为神农架世界自然遗产地履行世界遗产中心的要求, 进一步开展神农架遗产的监测与保护提供依据。近年来关于神农架脊椎动物新记录种的不断报道表明遗产地的物种多样性仍然存在被低估的可能, 暗示着遗产地这方面的工作仍需进一步扩大和深入。 相似文献
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2008年7月至2011年11月间先后4次调查了江西婺源森林鸟类自然保护区陆生贝类资源,共采得陆生贝类57种(亚种)(含3个未定种),隶属16科28属,其中1种为江西省新纪录种,优势种为长柱倍唇螺Diplommatina paxillus longipalatalis和细纹灰尖巴蜗牛Bradybaena ravida redfieldi。区系组成以东洋界成分为主,占种类总数的64.9%。分析11个采集点生物多样性指数结果表明,Margalef丰富度指数(dMA)范围为0.423~5.501;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')范围为0.047~2.333;Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw)范围为0.030~0.438。与其他自然保护区相比较,婺源森林鸟类自然保护区陆生贝类物种较丰富,与阳际峰国家级自然保护区物种相似系数较高,与甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区物种相似系数较低,陆生贝类物种多样性有明显区域性特征。 相似文献
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通过对贵州省中国南方喀斯特第二批世界自然遗产提名预选地施秉县的鱼类物种组成进行调查,共采集到鱼类46种,隶属于7目15科39属,其中鲤形目(Cypriniformes) 有28种,占本次调查的61%.在物种组成上,土著鱼类是该区域河流的主体,有40种,占87%;外来鱼类有6种,约占13%.其中外来入侵物种有食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis);大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocroaniah属于人工放养;从人工养殖地逃逸到野外的鱼类有4种,分别为草鱼(Ctenopryngodon idellus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)和团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala). 相似文献
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对天目山自然保护区不同生境中的陆生软体动物物种进行了多样性研究.在9个样地中进行了定量调查和采集,共获得标本1 034号,经鉴定为33种,隶属于12科21属.多样性分析表明,9个样地的物种丰富度指数d<,MA>的取值范围在0.733~3.656之间,多样性指数H'的范围是0.779~2.409,均匀度J<,SW>,为0.562~0.909.9个样地间物种多样性没有明显的规律性,而表现出一定的随机性.聚类分析的结果亦表明9个样地间的聚类关系没有明显的规律性. 相似文献
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2011年4~8月调查了江西井冈山自然保护区陆生贝类资源,共采得陆生贝类67种和亚种(含9个未定种),隶属4目19科31属,其中有1新种,即龙潭弯螺(Sinoennea sp.nov.)(另文报道);14种为江西省陆生贝类新纪录种;优势种为长柱倍唇螺(Diplommatina paxillus longipalatalis)、细锥倍唇螺(D.apicina)、灰尖巴蜗牛(Bradybaena ravida ravida)、双线巨蓬蛞蝓(Meghimatium bilineatum)。区系组成以东洋界成分为主,占种类总数的74.14%。阔叶林、灌木丛和农田生境陆生贝类种类较丰富,竹林和苔藓生境种类较少。根据调查数据,分别计算井冈山自然保护区5种不同生境类型中陆生贝类群落的多样性、丰富度和均匀度,结果表明,灌木丛生境陆生贝类的丰富度指数和多样性指数均最高,苔藓生境的均匀度指数最高。与邻近自然保护区比较,井冈山自然保护区陆生贝类物种较丰富,且与江西齐云山陆生贝类物种相似系数较高,与广东南岭物种相似系数较低。 相似文献
8.
物种与物种多样性 总被引:41,自引:4,他引:37
本文首先讨论生物物种的科学概念和生物学本质,分析物种客观存在的自然属性和物种概念的局限性,认为物种的生物学属性和物种多样性的科学属性之间有着本质联系。物种多样性研究的实质是研究生物物种的生物学多样性。度量物种多样性程度有多种方法,但物种数目是物种多样性程度最直接、也是最基本的表达,估计物种多样性数目是当前国际上物种多样性研究的核心与热点内容。物种多样性产生的根源是物种形成,物种绝灭速率是维持物种多样性的关键因素。本文简要总结了物种形成与绝灭的基本模式和机制,通过分析生物地理区系与物种多样性研究的密切关系,说明物种的区系成份分析是物种多样性大尺度格局研究的重要内容。 相似文献
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正确认识自然恢复过程中的生物多样性格局及群落构建变化规律是区域生态恢复及生物多样性保育的前提和基础。目前, 关于生物多样性格局及群落构建机制的研究多基于地带性植被类型开展, 而针对喀斯特森林这类特殊植被的研究涉及很少, 这极大地限制了区域生态恢复及森林经营。本文以茂兰国家级自然保护区的退化喀斯特森林为研究对象, 通过建立不同自然恢复阶段固定样地, 对比分析不同自然恢复阶段幼苗、幼树和成树的物种多样性和物种组成差异, 探索退化喀斯特森林自然恢复中物种多样性变化趋势与群落构建机制。结果表明, 退化喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中, 物种多样性呈现先上升后稳定的趋势; 幼苗的物种丰富度逐渐降低, 而成树的物种丰富度逐渐增加; 自然恢复早期的幼苗、幼树和成树物种组成逐渐趋同于老龄林成树, 表明该区域退化森林的自然恢复具有一定方向性。本研究结果表明喀斯特森林自然恢复过程中的物种组成变化一定程度上受确定性过程影响, 为人工促进森林恢复提供一定理论参考, 同时对喀斯特森林经营与管理具有重要意义。 相似文献
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描述了丹霞山植物区系的特征,对其科、属、种进行系统分析,并与邻近地区植物区系作了对比研究,探讨了丹霞地貌对本区植物区系组成成分的影响。丹霞山植物区系体现了华夏植物区系的特征,其表征科有不少同时也是华夏区系的表征科。从属的地理分布区类型来看,以泛热带分布局的比例最高,其次为热带亚洲分布属、东亚分布局及北温带分布属。丹霞山植物区系相对其纬度来说热带性较强,这与其特定的地貌特征有关。另外,本区的苦藓植物较为丰富,据初步统计共有27科70属,其中石生性苔藓分布尤其广泛。 相似文献
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Aero-terrestrial algae are ecologically and economically valuable bioresources contributing to carbon sequestration, sustenance of soil health, and fertility. Compared to aquatic algae, the literature on subaerial algae is minimal, including studies of distinctive habitats such as forest soils, agricultural fields, deserts, polar regions, specific subaerial zones, artificial structures, and tropical soils. The primary goal here was to identify the gaps and scope of research on such algae. Accordingly, the literature was analyzed per sub-themes, such as the “nature of current research data on terrestrial algae,” “methodological approaches,” “diversity,” “environmental relationships,” “ecological roles,” and “economic significance.” The review showed there is a high diversity of algae in soils, especially members belonging to the Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) and Chlorophyta. Algal distributions in terrestrial environments depend on the microhabitat conditions, and many species of soil algae are sensitive to specific soil conditions. The ecological significance of soil algae includes primary production, the release of biochemical stimulants and plant growth promoters into soils, nitrogen fixation, solubilization of minerals, and the enhancement and maintenance of soil fertility. Since aero-terrestrial habitats are generally stressed environments, algae of such environments can be rich in rare metabolites and natural products. For example, epilithic soil algae use wet adhesive molecules to fix them firmly on the substratum. Exploring the ecological roles and economic utility of soil and other subaerial algae could be helpful for the development of algae-based industries and for achieving sustainable soil management. 相似文献
13.
以兰州五泉山为该地藻种资源库,对其中水生、陆生生境中藻类的种类多样性、群落结构、分布特点进行了研究。结果发现该地藻类植物65种(含4变种),包括蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻和红藻,其中硅藻种类最多(29种),其它依次为蓝藻(24种)、绿藻(11种)和红藻(1种)。水体中共42种,硅藻最多,有26种,其次蓝藻8种,绿藻7种,红藻1种,不同水体中优势种和亚优势种不同。土壤生境中发现20种,蓝藻13种,绿藻4种,硅藻3种,且非洲席藻和小球藻分为优势种和亚优势种。7个种类在水、陆两大生境都有分布,而且它们主要是丝状蓝藻。 相似文献
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Mats of the green alga Trentepohlia, a genus widely distributed in the tropics as well as temperate regions, have always been perceived as homogeneous (i.e., formed by only one species). As such, their general nature and specific feature play a supportive role in the species delimitation. However, the presence of morphologically dissimilar thalli was observed under the light microscope and when cultivating a piece of a single mat. To address this, we performed DNA cloning of the rbcL gene on mat fragments of T. abietina, T. annulata, T. jolithus and T. umbrina sampled in Europe to reveal if they are composed of one or more species. We revealed that more Trentepohlia haplotypes may coexist in a single mat. In consideration of this, we conclude that the use of material isolated in unialgal culture will be almost mandatory for a taxonomic reassessment of this complicated genus. Another direct implication of this problem is that herbarium specimens consisting of field‐collected material should not be used for direct sequencing. We further hypothesize the reasons why multiple haplotypes of Trentepohlia occur more frequently in the tuft‐like mats. Possibly, fragments and/or cells of other microalgae, including other species of Trentepohlia, might be retained in such mats more easily than in the crustose trentepohlialean mats. 相似文献
15.
中国外来陆生草本植物: 多样性和生态学特性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
构建包含基本生物学和生态学信息的外来物种数据库不仅对理解生物入侵分布格局至关重要, 同时也是制定外来种管理策略和解释生物入侵过程的重要一步。作者在前人研究的基础上构建了中国外来陆生草本植物数据库, 共收集到中国外来陆生草本植物800种, 分属37目72科; 其中约有60%集中在菊科、豆科、仙人掌科、禾本科、十字花科等10个优势科。中国外来陆生草本植物主要来源于美洲(407种, 占总数的47%), 主要分布在南亚热带—热带区(46%, 密度为4种/104km2), 其次为温带湿润区(26%, 密度约2种/104km2)和亚热带区(23%, 密度约2种/104km2), 旱—寒区(5%, 密度小于1种/104km2)分布较少。从生活型上看, 以多年生 (293种, 40%)和一年生 (272种, 37%)为主; 而从生境类型来看, 约有一半(46%)分布于“高养分高干扰”类型的生境。约有80%的物种属有意引入, 因此有意引入是陆生外来草本植物进入中国的主要途径。近2个世纪来, 外来陆生草本植物进入中国的速度快速增加, 约90%的物种在这个时期进入; 而近半个世纪以来, 外来陆生草本植物进入中国的速度快速增长, 约60%的物种在这个时期进入中国。本文所提供的中国外来陆生草本植物的生物学和生态学特征, 可以为管理层制定外来种相关管理和控制策略提供参考信息。 相似文献
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Mónica B. J. Moniz Phil M. Novis Paul A. Broady Michael D. Guiry 《Journal of phycology》2012,48(4):940-955
Trebouxiophytes of the genus Prasiola are well known in Antarctica, where they are among the most important primary producers. Although many aspects of their biology have been thoroughly investigated, the scarcity of molecular data has so far prevented an accurate assessment of their taxonomy and phylogenetic position. Using sequences of the chloroplast genes rbcL and psaB, we demonstrate the existence of three cryptic species that were previously confused under Prasiola crispa (Lightfoot) Kützing. Genuine P. crispa occurs in Antarctica; its presence was confirmed by comparison with the rbcL sequence of the type specimen (from the Isle of Skye, Scotland). Prasiola antarctica Kützing is resurrected as an independent species to designate algae with gross morphology identical to P. crispa but robustly placed in a separate lineage. The third species is represented by specimens identified as P. calophylla (Carmichael ex Greville) Kützing in previous studies, but clearly separated from European P. calophylla (type locality: Argyll, Scotland); this alga is described as P. glacialis sp. nov. The molecular data demonstrated the presence of P. crispa in Maritime and Continental Antarctica. P. antarctica was recorded from the Antarctic Peninsula and Shetland Islands, and P. glacialis from the Southern Ocean islands and coast. Such unexpected cryptic diversity highlights the need for a taxonomic reassessment of many published Antarctic records of P. crispa. The results also indicate that marine species of Prasiola form a well‐supported monophyletic group, whereas the phylogenetic diversity of freshwater species is higher than previously suspected (at least three separate lineages within the genus include species living in this type of environments). 相似文献
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Mohamed A. Ayyad Amal M. Fakhry Abdel-Raouf A. Moustafa 《Biodiversity and Conservation》2000,9(2):265-281
This study focuses on plant species richness, taxonomic diversity, and endemism of the Sinai peninsula as a whole and Saint Catherine area in particular. Beta diversity was also measured using T to represent the biotic change between different landforms in the St. Catherine area. The peninsula supports about 1285 species including the infraspecific taxa of which about 800 species (also including the infraspecific taxa) are recorded in the southern Sinai south of El-Tih Desert. The present study reveals that southern Sinai is more diverse as compared with the Sinai peninsula as a whole. Southern Sinai also supports more than the expected numbers of rare and very rare species (about 62%) and about 4.3% endemic species. Beta diversity between different landforms in the St. Catherine area reflect a large biotic change between slopes and terraces on the one hand and between terraces and ridges on the other. Finally, the study recommends appropriate management of the peninsula and more research for the management requirements of the numerous endemic and rare species in the Sinai peninsula. 相似文献
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张玉峰;刘莹莹;申磊;张一;毕艳孟;张一名;赵琪 《四川动物》2016,35(1):118-122
: 2014年6-10月,对廊坊地区陆栖蚯蚓物种多样性进行调查,共记录蚯蚓3科6属9种,其中,优势种3种,即天锡杜拉蚓Drawida gisti、日本杜拉蚓D. japonica和梯形流蚓Aporrectodea trapezoides。本文通过观察3种优势种个体的形态结构,以体长、体宽、体节数等外部特征为主要量化指标,综合分析并比较了个体间的形态多样性,结果显示,天锡杜拉蚓55条,体节数为51~207,体长为59.80 mm±19.15 mm,体宽为4.30 mm±1.21 mm;日本杜拉蚓78条,体节数为54~174,体长为42.00 mm±10.90 mm,体宽为3.00 mm±0.69 mm;梯形流蚓37条,体节数为67~191,体长为63.40 mm±20.72 mm,体宽为4.50 mm±0.92 mm。3个优势种的体长与体宽呈显著正相关,体长与体节数之间存在极显著回归关系。3种蚯蚓体长的聚类分析符合种属差异,而天锡杜拉蚓较粗,日本杜拉蚓与梯形流蚓的体宽较为接近。 相似文献
19.
采用Margalef物种丰富度指数(R1)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)及Pielou均匀度指数(J)来研究物种多样性的林隙梯度变化。结果表明:从林隙中心至非林隙林地的水平梯度上,林隙不同区域的种类组成存在较大差异,一些阳性树种如圆果化香等在林隙中心分布较多,青冈等耐荫性强的树种则在郁闭林下较为丰富,而中度耐荫种类如香叶树、大叶冬青等则集中分布在林隙近中心和林隙边缘处。从非林隙到林隙中心,物种丰富度逐渐升高,即非林隙<林隙边缘<林隙近中心<林隙中心;物种多样性的变化则总体呈中间高两头低的现象,均匀度的变化与其一致;物种多样性林隙梯度变化程度受林隙发育期和面积的影响较大,变化程度为早期林隙>中期林隙>晚期林隙,大林隙>中等林隙>小林隙,早期林隙和大林隙的边缘效应显著。 相似文献
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Sophia I. Passy Ionel Ciugulea Gregory B. Lawrence 《International Review of Hydrobiology》2006,91(6):594-608
The relationship between algal species richness and diversity, and pH is controversial. Furthermore, it is still unknown how episodic stream acidification following atmospheric deposition affects species richness and diversity. Here we analyzed water chemistry and diatom epiphyton dynamics and showed their contrasting behavior in chronically vs. episodically acidic streams in the Adirondack region. Species richness and diversity were significantly higher in the chronically acidic brown water stream, where organic acidity was significantly higher and the ratio of inorganic to organic monomeric aluminum significantly lower. Conversely, in the episodically acidic clear water stream, the inorganic acidity and pH were significantly higher and the diatom communities were very species‐poor. This suggests that episodic acidification in the Adirondacks may be more stressful for stream biota than chronic acidity. Strong negative linear relationships between species diversity, Eunotia exigua, and dissolved organic carbon against pH were revealed after the influence of non‐linear temporal trends was partialled out using a novel way of temporal modeling. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献