导乐陪伴式分娩的临床效果观察

目的:探讨导乐陪伴分娩对产程、剖宫产率及围产期并发症的影响,提高分娩质量.方法:960例初产妇随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用导乐陪伴式分娩,对照组产妇采用传统护理方法分娩,观察两组产程时长、分娩方式、产后24h出血量和新生儿窒息等情况.结果:观察组产程时长显著低于对照组,相比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05);观察组阴道分娩率为85.6%,显著高于对照组(55.2%),相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);观察组产后24h出血量和新生儿窒息显著低于对照组,相比较有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:导乐式陪伴分娩能有效地缩短产程、降低剖宫产率、减少产后出血和新生儿窒息的发生,值得临床推广应用.     

普贝生用于足月妊娠促宫颈成熟的疗效观察

目的:探讨普贝生促进宫颈成熟,提高足月妊娠经阴道分娩的有效性和安全性。方法:120例足月妊娠的未临产孕妇随机分为试验组与对照组,其中试验组50例给予阴道后穹隆置入普贝生1～2次,对照组50例给予小剂量催产素静脉滴注,比较两组宫颈成熟度,分娩情况及对于产妇、新生儿的影响。结果:①试验组宫颈Bishop评分增加3.81±1.04,对照组增加3.09±1.15,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)②试验组促宫颈成熟的显效率为78.33%,总有效率为91.67%,高于对照组35.00%显效率和63.33%总有效率(P<0.01)。③试验组阴道分娩率73.33%,进入产程时间(34.19±13.20)h,产程(8.47±2.68)h,对照组阴道分娩率41.67%,进入产程时间(52.14±16.05)h,产程(12.25±3.73)h,两组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.01或0.05)。④试验组产后出血量(225.31±67.80)ml,新生儿体重(3369.48±311.65)g,Apgar评分9.52±0.39,对照组产后出血量(232.44±75.76)ml,新生儿体重(3417.63±359.68)g,Apgar评分9.48±0.47,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:普贝生可有效促进足月妊娠产妇的宫颈成熟,提高经阴道引产成功率,降低剖宫产率,且安全性好,对母儿影响小。     

同侧俯卧位对枕后位产程活跃期停滞胎方位纠正率和自然分娩率的影响

目的:研究同侧俯卧位对枕后位产程活跃期停滞胎方位纠正率和自然分娩率的影响。方法:选取我院收治的枕后位产程活跃期停滞产妇160例,采取数字随机法分成同侧组自由组,同侧组采取同侧俯卧位治疗,自由组采取自由卧位治疗,比较两组的治疗对产妇的胎方位纠正率及自然分娩率的影响。结果:同侧组胎方位纠正率90.00%,自由组胎方位纠正率31.25%,同侧组胎方位纠正率高于自由组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。同侧组自然分娩率91.25%,自由组自然分娩率77.50%,同侧组自然分娩率高于自由组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:同侧俯卧位可提高枕后位产程活跃期停滞胎方位纠正率和自然分娩率,并且无创简便,是一种有效的干预方法。     

自由体位分娩加分娩减痛法在初产顺产妇中的临床应用效果

目的:研究和探讨自由体位分娩法和分娩减痛法结合起来在初产顺产妇中的临床应用效果。方法:选取2013年1月至2013年12月已被收治的符合标准的初产顺产妇女360例为研究对象,将其随机分成A1组(自由体位分娩法组)、A2组(分娩减痛法组)和A1+A2组(两种方法结合组),每组120例。观察和比较三组产妇阴道分娩产程时间、疼痛等级评分、出血量、剖宫产率、新生儿Apgar评分情况和产后不良情况发生率。结果:①A1+A2组的分娩产程时间低于A1组及A2组,疼痛等级评分优于A1组和A2组(P均0.05);②A1+A2组的分娩过程中的出血量和剖宫产率均低于A1组及A2组(P0.05);③A1+A2组新生儿Apgar评分情况比A1组及A2组好(P0.05);④A1+A2组产后不良情况的发生率也低(P0.05)。然而以上观察指标A1组与A2组之间的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在临床实践过程中对初产顺产产妇实施自由体位分娩结合分娩减痛法可以显著地改善产妇分娩过程中的不良情况,对新生儿的影响也是积极的。两种方法的综合应用更具有良好的临床效果。     

多媒体健康教育对初产妇分娩方式、产程及结局的影响

为了揭示多媒体健康教育对初产妇分娩方式、产程和分娩结局的影响,本研究选取石家庄市第四医院产科建卡并进行常规产前检查的300例妊娠妇女作为研究对象,收集时间为2016年3月至2017年5月,采用随机数字表法将妊娠妇女分为干预组(常规产检就医嘱+产前多媒体健康教育, n=140)、对照组(常规产检就医嘱, n=142),对比两组的分娩方式、产程和分娩结局。研究显示,干预组的分娩孕周显著大于对照组(p0.05),干预组的顺产率78.57%高于对照组的64.79%(p0.05);干预组的第一产程潜伏期、第一产程活跃期和第二产程均低于对照组(p0.05),两组的第三产程差异无统计学意义(p0.05);干预组的新生儿体质量大于对照组(p0.05);两组新生儿的1 min Apgar评分和5 min Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(p0.05);干预组的分娩相关并发症发生率6.43%显著低于对照组的14.08%(p0.05)。本研究表明,产前多媒体健康教育可有效提高初产妇顺产率、缩短产程、减少分娩相关并发症的发生。     

不同麻醉方式分娩镇痛对产程及母婴结局的影响

目的:探讨不同麻醉方式分娩镇痛对产程及母婴结局的影响。方法:选取2016年7月至2018年7月我院收治的154例分娩镇痛产妇为研究对象,根据随机抽签原则将受试者进行分组,对照组77例产妇接受常规的静脉麻醉镇痛,研究组77例产妇接受硬膜外麻醉镇痛,比较两组产妇的产程时间、疼痛分级、母婴结局及24h泌乳情况。结果:研究组产妇的产程时间显著短于对照组(P0.05),0级及Ⅰ级疼痛的比率显著低于对照组(P0.05),Ⅱ级及Ⅲ级疼痛的比率显著高于对照组(P0.05),产妇阴道助产、中转剖宫产、尿潴留及产后出血量均显著少于对照组(P0.05),新生儿宫内窘迫及窒息的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组新生儿出生后1 min、5 min及10 min的Apgar评分比较无统计学差异(P0.05),研究组产妇产后24h有效泌乳率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:硬膜外麻醉镇痛可有效缩短产程时间,减轻疼痛,改善母婴结局,促进产后泌乳。     

产前多媒体健康教育对剖宫产率、产程及分娩结局的影响

为了探讨产前多媒体健康教育对剖宫产率、产程及分娩结局的影响,本研究选取健康实施产前常规检查的妊娠妇女200例,其中100例接受常规产前指导(对照组)、100例妊娠妇女定期接受产前多媒体健康教育指导(研究组),随访至分娩结局,观察两组妊娠妇女的产程、分娩方式、分娩结局差异。研究结果表明,研究组有1例妇女出现流产、对照组有2例妇女出现自然流产;研究组的第一产程潜伏期、活跃期、第一产程、第二产程显著的低于对照组(p<0.05),研究组的第三产程时间与对照组差异不具有统计学意义(p>0.05);研究组的剖宫产率14.14%显著低于对照组的27.55%(p<0.05);研究组与对照组的新生儿1 min、5 min Apgar评分差异不具有统计学意义(p>0.05);研究组分娩相关并发症率3.03%低于对照组的11.22%(p<0.05)。本研究初步表明:产前多媒体健康教育有利于降低剖宫产率、缩短产程时间、减少分娩并发症。     

不同可行走式分娩镇痛方法对分娩结局及胎儿血氧饱和度的影响

目的:探讨不同可行走式分娩镇痛方法对产妇分娩结局及胎儿血氧饱和度(FSaO_2)的影响。方法:选取2017年1月至2018年2月期间于成都市第二人民医院妇产科住院分娩的123例初产孕妇作为研究对象,分为罗哌卡因结合氢吗啡酮可行走式分娩镇痛组(A组)45例、罗哌卡因结合舒芬太尼可行走式分娩镇痛组(B组)45例以及常规分娩组(C组)33例。比较三组产妇的剖宫产率、产后出血量、胎儿FSaO_2,并对比三组胎儿窒息程度。结果:三组产妇年龄、孕周、胎儿体重、剖宫产率以及产后2 h、24 h出血量比较无统计学差异(P0.05),A组胎儿轻度窒息率高于B、C组,A组胎儿正常率低于B、C组(P0.05),B、C组胎儿的轻度窒息率、正常率比较无统计学差异(P0.05),A组的第一产程、第二产程胎儿FSaO_2低于B、C组(P0.05),B、C两组第一产程、第二产程胎儿FSaO_2比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:罗哌卡因结合舒芬太尼的可行走式分娩镇痛与常规分娩均不影响产妇的分娩结局和胎儿FSaO_2,相较罗哌卡因结合氢吗啡酮在分娩镇痛中具有可行性及安全性。     

徒手转胎纠正128 例头位难产的临床效果观察

目的:探讨应用徒手转胎术纠正头位难产的临床效果,为提高经阴道分娩的成功率提供参考。方法:选取2014年6月-2015年12月我院收治的128例头位难产患者作为研究对象,随机为研究组和对照组,每组64例。对照组在第二产程初期采用胎头吸引术,研究组患者通过徒手旋转胎头术调整胎头方位。观察并比较两组产后出血量、第二产程时间及新生儿神经行为测定(NBNA)评分。结果:研究组患者阴道自然分娩成功率(95.31%)高于对照组(73.44%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组产后出血量和第二产程时间均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组新生儿NBNA评分高于对照组,但两组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:徒手转胎术与胎头吸引术两种干预方式对新生儿行为神经的影响无明显区别,但徒手转胎术可以有效缩短头位难产产妇的产程,并能显著提高阴道分娩率,有益于母婴的预后,值得临床推广应用。     

县乡两级医院自控硬膜外分娩镇痛对产程及分娩结局的影响

目的观察县乡两级医院产妇行自控硬膜外分娩镇痛对产程及分娩结局的影响,评价县乡两级医院产妇行自控硬膜外分娩镇痛的安全性与可行性。方法选择足月单胎头位妊娠并经阴道试产的初产妇200例,均无硬膜外镇痛禁忌证,根据分娩镇痛要求,将其纳入镇痛组(P组,100例)及对照组(C组,100例)。记录两组第一、二产程及总产程时间,分娩方式,产后出血及催产素使用率,新生儿娩出后1、5min Apgar评分,分娩镇痛的不良反应等。结果 P组较C组的第二产程和总产程显著延长,催产素使用率P组明显高于C组;两组第一产程中转剖宫产率,器械助产率,羊水胎粪污染率,新生儿娩出后1、5min Apgar评分,分娩镇痛的不良反应均无统计学差异。结论硬膜外分娩镇痛可使第二产程及总产程延长、催产素使用率增加,但不增加急诊剖宫产率和经阴道器械助产率,明显降低了社会因素手术率,对分娩结局无不良影响,用于县乡两级医院产妇是安全可行的。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Shapes of curves of pH-dependence of reactions

A simple case is considered in which the rate of a two-step reaction depends on pH because the intermediate formed in the first step has to gain (or lose) a proton before it can react in the second step, and in which the rate-determining step therefore changes with pH. The curves of reaction rate against pH are shown to be symmetrical, and the sharpest peak possible has a width at half its height of 1.53pH units, i.e. of 2log(3+2 radical2). Any particular curve for this situation proves to be identical with a curve that could be generated for the pH-dependence of a single-step reaction in which the rate is proportional to the concentration of a particular ionic form of a reactant. Curves for the latter situation, however, can have forms impossible for the former case in which the rate-determining step changes, but only if the protonations that activate and deactivate the reactant are co-operative. The peak can then become even sharper, and its width at half its height can fall to 1.14pH units, i.e. to 2log(2+ radical3).     

Overview of mechanisms of action of lycopene

Dietary intakes of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene have been shown to be associated with decreased risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases in numerous studies. Serum and tissue lycopene levels have also been inversely related to the risk of lung and prostate cancers. Lycopene functions as a very potent antioxidant, and this is clearly a major important mechanism of lycopene action. In this regard, lycopene can trap singlet oxygen and reduce mutagenesis in the Ames test. However, evidence is accumulating for other mechanisms as well. Lycopene at physiological concentrations can inhibit human cancer cell growth by interfering with growth factor receptor signaling and cell cycle progression specifically in prostate cancer cells without evidence of toxic effects or apoptosis of cells. Studies using human and animal cells have identified a gene, connexin 43, whose expression is upregulated by lycopene and which allows direct intercellular gap junctional communication (GJC). GJC is deficient in many human tumors and its restoration or upregulation is associated with decreased proliferation. The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibits a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression in the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line, suggesting some interaction at a nuclear or subcellular level. The combination of lycopene and lutein synergistically interact as antioxidants, and this may relate to specific positioning of different carotenoids in membranes. This review will focus on the growing body of evidence that carotenoids have unexpected biologic effects in experimental systems, some of which may contribute to their cancer preventive properties in models of carcinogenesis. Consideration of solubility in vitro, comparison with doses achieved in humans by dietary means, interactions with other phytochemicals, and other potential mechanisms such as stimulation of xenobiotic metabolism, inhibition of cholesterogenesis, modulation of cyclooxygenase pathways, and inhibition of inflammation will be considered. This review will point out areas for future research where more evidence is needed on the effects of lycopene on the etiology of chronic disease.