刺瓜属——中国葫芦科一归化属

报道了中国葫芦科一归化属———刺瓜属     

中国菊科植物一新归化属--黄菊属

报道了在河北和天津发现的菊科一新记录属和一新记录种,即黄菊属Flaveria Juss.及二齿黄菊F. bidentis (L.) Kuntze,并提供墨线图.黄菊属与万寿菊属Tagetes L.和天人菊属Gaillardia Fouger.近缘,它们的共同特征是花序托无托片;不同点在于黄菊属叶对生或交互对生,常基部连合,头状花序在枝顶聚集成平顶形的伞房状或近球形的复合花序,花黄色,舌状花1(-2),冠毛缺.     

中国大陆归化植物新记录

报道了中国大陆归化植物新记录刺毛峨参(Anthriscus caucalis M.Bieb.)和印加孔雀草(Tagetes minuta L.),并进行了形态描述,提供了凭证标本和活植物照片。     

苹果蓟属, 东南亚大陆菊科一新归化属(英文)

该文报道了在泰国北部和中国西南部的菊科一个新归化属——苹果蓟属(Centratherum Cass.)。依据所采集的标本,详细描述了该属在东南亚大陆的唯一代表亚种苹果蓟 [Centratherum punctatum Cass. Subsp. fruticosum(S. Vidal)K. Kirkman ex Shih H. Chen, M. J. Wu & S. M. Li],并配以插图。苹果蓟与其所在属的其他种的区别在于该亚种叶片菱形至椭圆形,叶缘具不规则锯齿,先端微尖,总苞片基部硬化,先端无芒。文中还提供了苹果蓟的分布图,并讨论了其可能的传播途径。     

田茜（茜草科）——中国大陆新归化植物

报道了中国大陆新归化植物——田茜（Sherardia arvensis L.）,并对其形态学特征进行了详细描述,同时对其入侵风险做了简要评估。     

假刺苋——中国大陆一新归化种

报道了广东省潮州市韩江沿岸发现的中国大陆一新归化种——假刺苋(Amaranthus dubius Mart.ex Thell.)。该种原产热带美洲及西印度群岛,已经引入并局部归化于欧洲、热带亚洲地区和非洲,在中国台湾已经归化。通过野外调查,获得该种的详细特征与生境等信息,并讨论了与其他苋属植物的区别及其潜在的入侵性。此外,还提供了用于检索中国苋属植物的分类检索表。     

蓝花野茼蒿，中国菊科一新记录归化种

蓝花野茼蒿Crassocephdum rubens(Juss.ex Jacq.)S.Moore是一种原产非洲的常见菊科杂草,近年在我国云南发现有逸生,为我国新记录的归化种.     

互叶指甲草属——中国石竹科一归化属

首次报道了互叶指甲草属Corrigiola L．在我国的分布,确认互叶指甲草C．littoralis L．已在我国江西庐山归化。     

中国菊科一新归化属——软金菀属

文章报道了发现于南昌的中国菊科植物一新归化属种——软金菀属(Bradburia Torr.&A.Gray)和柔毛软金菀(新拟)[B.pilosa(Nutt.) Semple]。基于核基因(ITS)构建的系统发育树确定了软金菀属的系统发育位置,即与金菀属[Chrysopsis(Nuttall) Elliot]互为近缘属。与金菀属相比,该属的主要特征为茎具柔毛或糙毛,基生叶具柄或近无柄,头状花序单生。柔毛软金菀与该属其他种相比,主要特征为植株密被柔毛,基生叶宿存且近无柄,舌状花和管状花均具2层冠毛且内层冠毛的长度是外层冠毛的5~10倍。该种最初于2015年在南昌市昌北机场出现,可能由临时经停此处的北美一航班携带而来,2022年底已经扩散到15 km外的经济技术开发区,呈现明显入侵态势。     

白芥属：青海一新归化属

报道中国青藏高原青海省发现的十字花科（Cruciferae）一个新归化属白芥属（Sinapis L.）。白芥Sinapis alba L.为一年生草本,国内多做引种栽培,青海尚未见报道。人为传播可能是白芥进入青海的主要原因。该植物具有一定的经济和药用价值,且在西宁野外高海拔生境下生长良好,可考虑引种栽培;同时应防止其向野外扩散,以防影响当地植被情况。     

Micropropagation for recovery of Cucumis hystrix

A micropropagation protocol that allows for the efficient cloning of C. hystrix was developed using 1 mm shoot-tip explants prepared from plants grown in the greenhouse. Establishment of Stage I cultures was greatest (83%) when shoot tips were cultured in modified MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) medium containing (per liter) 30 g sucrose, 0.1 g myo-inositol, and 5 g Agargel plus 1.7 M indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 0.5 M kinetin and 0.3 M gibberillic acid (GA₃) (IKG). Benzyladenine (BA, 5 M) proved best for Stage II shoot proliferation. Over 35 shoots were obtained per vessel (five shoots per vessel) when explants were cultured in medium containing BA. Less than 10 shoots were obtained per vessel when kinetin (0.5–5 M) and IKG were used. Stage II cultures established from 1 cm shoot tips obtained from Stage I shoots produced more shoots (1.3-fold) than single node explants. Rooting and plantlet acclimatization were best when shoots greater than 1.5 cm were incubated in MS medium containing 0.5 M naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Higher NAA concentrations stimulated rooting but inhibited shoot elongation and reduced the ability of plantlets to survive acclimatization to ambient conditions. Plantlet height influenced acclimatization. Over 72% of plantlets survived acclimatization if they were at least 4.6 cm when transferred to soilless growing medium.     

Evidence for the origin of chayote,sechium edule (Cucurbitaceae)

Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. (Cucurbitaceae), a one-seeded squash most popular in Latin America, is cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical climates. In the past, a Mexican center of origin for chayote has been inferred mainly from linguistic data, but to use this argument correctly, relevant indigenous terms should be interpreted. Evidence from historical documents indicates pre-Columbian Aztecs used chayote in Mexico, but the lack of documentation from other countries does not constitute proof that the plant was absent. Chayote’s center of genetic diversity suggests it was first domesticated in Mexico and Central America, but this variation could have been secondarily derived. However inconclusive these three lines of evidence are, they do converge on the same conclusion supported by new botanical evidence. Chayote’s closest wild relative,S. compositum, from Mexico and Guatemala, and two potentially ancestral forms of chayote recently discovered outside cultivation in Mexico, demarcate Mexico and Guatemala as the most likely center of origin for this ancient crop. S. edule (Cucurbitaceae) es una calabaza de una semilla muy popular en América Latina, cultivada en los trópicos y subtrópicos mundialmente. La información linguistica sugiere a México como el centro de origen del chayote, pero para usar fuente de información se deben interpretar correctamente datos completos provenientes de fuentes indígenas apropiadas. El uso del chayote por los Aztecas precolombinos en México se mantiene como otra fuente de evidencia aún inconclusa por falta de documentación histórica proveniente de otros paises, aunque o tampoco constituye prueba de su ausencia. El centro de diversidad genética sugiere que el chayote fue originalmente domesticado en México y Centro América, pero esta variación podria haber sido secundariamente derivada. Tan inconclusas como son estas tres fuentes de evidencia, convergen con resultados favorecidos por nueva evidencia botánica. La especie silvestre más cercana al chayote,S. compositum, descubierta recientemente en México, sugiere a México y Guatemala como centros de origen para esta cosecha de antigua origen.

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Presented at the Symposium on New Perspectives on the Origin of Neotropical Crops, twenty-ninth annual Meeting, Society for Economic Botany; symposium organized by Peter K. Bretting.     

狮耳草属——中国唇形科植物一新归化属

该文报道了中国唇形科植物一新归化种——荆芥叶狮耳草[Leonotis nepetifolia(L.)R.Br.],该种的发现代表狮耳草属[Leonotis(Pers.)R.Br.]在中国的新归化。狮耳草属的主要特征为轮伞花序腋生,苞片和萼齿顶端针刺状,花冠桔红色或黄色,冠唇上唇较大,下唇较小;其与绣球防风属(Leucas R.Br)较为接近,但后者的萼齿等大,花冠通常白色,花冠筒不超出萼外,冠檐下唇长于上唇,二者区别较为显著。荆芥叶狮耳草为一年生草本。轮伞花序球形,多花密集,其下承以多数密集苞片;苞片细长,向下微弯曲,先端针刺状。花萼管状,先端膨大而略折曲;萼齿针刺状,最上面一枚较大。花冠桔红色,密被桔红色绒毛;花冠筒细长,伸出萼筒之外;冠檐二唇形,上唇较大,下唇较小。荆芥叶狮耳草与同属植物Leonotis leonurus R.Br.最为相似,但前者叶为卵圆形或心形,后者的叶片多为披针形。根据该研究的标本和相关文献资料,该文还提供了狮耳草属和荆芥叶狮耳草的形态描述、地理分布的讨论,以及荆芥叶狮耳草的资源价值、归化途经、繁殖和危害的讨论和野外生态照片。     

中国菊科泽兰族的一个新归化属——裸冠菊属

报道了在华南地区广西发现的菊科Asteraceae泽兰族EuPatorieae一个新归化属——裸冠菊属GymnDcDmnis DC．。它在形态上接近于下田菊属Adenostemma J．R．Forst．＆G.Forst．,但区别在于裸冠菊属无冠毛。依据在中国所采集的标本详细描述了该属在中国的唯一代表种裸冠菊Gymnocoronis spilanthoides （D．Don ex Hook．＆Arn.）DC．的形态特征,并讨论了其地理分布和进入中国的可能途径。