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1.
缺瓣牛姆瓜Holboellia apetala Q.Xia,J.Z.Suen et Z.X.Peng在一系列特征上与牛姆瓜属Holboellia植物不同,不应隶属于该属,而代表了一个未被描述过的新属—长萼木通属。新属在茎、叶、果实和花的大部分特征上与木通属Akebia相似,但花萼特征又与野木瓜属Stauntonia接近,其系统位置介于这两个属之间,并偏于前者。 相似文献
2.
锦鸡儿属植物区系成份分析 总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15
锦鸡儿属(Caragana Fabr.)属蝶形花科山羊豆族,是温带亚洲的代表属之一。本文对锦鸡儿属已知种类的区系成份进行了研究,将105种植物共划分为20个分布区类型,其中包括:(1)青藏高原分布;(2)沿喜马拉雅分布;(3)云贵高原分布;(4)云贵高原—华北分布;(5)秦岭山地分布;(6)华北分布;(7)中国东北分布;(8)蒙古高原分布;(9)西伯利亚阿尔泰分布;(10)亚洲中部分布;(11)西亚分布;(12)天山山地分布;(13)帕米尔—阿赖依分布;(14)小亚细亚—里海—哈萨克斯坦分布;(15)准噶尔—哈萨克斯坦分布;16)塔尔巴哈台—准噶尔—蒙古分布;(17)准噶尔特有分布;(18)昆仑山特有分布;(19)黑海—西西伯利亚分布;(20)欧洲—高加索分布。统计结果表明:属青藏高原分布的种类最为丰富,有18种,占总数的17.16%,沿喜马拉雅分布次之,共计12种,占总数的11.45%;再次之是中国华北分布和天山山地分布,均为10种,占总数的9.54%。通过区系分析可以清晰地看出:本属在中国,的分布很广,种类也很多,共计80种,约占全属总数的76.32%。中国特有种也很丰富,共计43种,占全国分布总数的一半以上(53.75%),占本属总数的40.95%。 相似文献
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4.
在整理云南蚊类标本过程中,发观库蚊属(Culex)4种新纪录,分别隶属于库状蚊亚属(Culiciomyia)1种、簇角蚊亚属(Lophoceraomyia)2种和库蚊亚属(Culex)1种。一、佛氏库蚊Culex(Cui.)fragilis Ludlow,1903检视标本:云南,勐腊。1985,Ⅷ,10—4,14,4L,采自木槽积水。鉴别特征:腹节背板全暗。雄蚊抱肢端节齿脊自亚端部伸达亚基部。幼虫头毛5,6—C从亚基部各分出5—7芒支。前胸毛1—3P均不分支。呼吸管较短,自基部向端部渐变细。呼吸管毛1—S3对,每分2—3支。本种幼虫特征突出,不难与我国已知的库状蚊相区别。本种在国外分布于泰国、菲律宾、印… 相似文献
5.
山白树属及其近缘属聚类分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用系统聚类分析法,对山白树属及其近缘属进行定量分析,结果表明山白树属与牛鼻栓属亲缘关系密切,可组成一族,该族与蚊母树族有着较近的亲缘。 相似文献
6.
俞藤属—葡萄科一新属 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
作者在研究中国葡萄科植物过程中发现分布于中国亚热带、尼泊尔和印度卡西山区一些植物种自成一类,与葡萄科现有属的定义不符,命名为一新属-愈藤属(YuaC.L.Li)。文中讨论了它与爬山虎属(Parthenocissus Planch.)、崖爬藤属(TetrastigmaPlanch.)、乌蔹莓属(CayratiaJuss.)和蛇葡萄属(Ampelopsis Michx.)的区别,并在野外和栽培条件下观察了某些重要属级鉴定性状在个体发育过程中的表现,以证明其可靠。为了正确鉴定这个属和种类,给出了包括这些属在内的国产葡萄科植物分属检索表和该属的分种检索表,最后,讨论了俞藤属的地理分布及其意义。 相似文献
7.
本文记述了采自于四川西部的角伪叶甲属CerogriaBorchmann1909一新亚属及二新种。模式标本保存于西北农业大学昆虫研究所。畸角伪叶甲亚属Aeschrocera,新亚属该亚属的触角(图2~5)基节强烈地呈球状膨大,除第7和9节强烈呈锯齿状膨大外,第4~6节也明显呈锯齿状膨大,第8和10节中部呈尖锐的角状突出,端节也向一侧扩宽;阳基侧突强烈地叶状扩宽。这些特征易与其它亚属区别。模式种;褐胸畸角伪叶甲Cerogria(Aeschrocera)brunneocolis,sp.nov.1.褐胸畸角伪叶甲Cerogria(Aeschrocera)brunneocolis,新种(图1~5)该种触角端节腹面常形,端节直;前胸背板褐色;额侧突基瘤间的分界沟不清楚。正模,西康日地,1939—Ⅸ—1。副模1,1♀,同正模;3,3♀♀,西康康定,1939—Ⅷ—9(3),1939—Ⅷ—18(1♀),1939—Ⅷ—28(1♀),1931—Ⅷ—28(1♀);1,西康丹巴,1939—Ⅹ—3;1,西康榆林宫,1939—Ⅸ—7;1,西康瓦斯井,1939—Ⅸ—2;1♀,西康旋牛,1939—Ⅹ—6,周尧采。2.钩畸角 相似文献
8.
综述了番茄属和茄属的属间细胞杂交研究进展,并对植物细胞杂交研究的发展和存在问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
9.
作者在前两篇文章里报道了湖北省神农架产的尾孢菌属及其近似属的22个种,本文再报道这一地区的尾孢菌属、短胖孢属及色链隔孢属的4个种,其中1个是新种,即李色链隔孢(Phaeoramularia pruni Guo et Liu,sp.nov.),其模式标本收藏于中国科学院真菌标本室(HMAS)。该新种与寄生于李属(Prunus sp.)植物上的变红尾孢(Cercospora rubrotincta)接近,但后者分生孢子梗窄(2—4.5μm),不分枝,曲膝状折点少(0—1个),分生孢子向顶渐狭,不链生,隔膜多(1—5隔),因此易于区别。 相似文献
10.
根据形态学特征及线粒体Cyt b和COⅠ基因对我国泥鳅属(Misgurnus)和副泥鳅属(Paramisgurnus)鱼类进行了分类整理。结果表明: 泥鳅属和副泥鳅属鱼类在鳞焦大小, 须长及基枕骨末端愈合程度等特征上存在差异。基于联合基因分析, 泥鳅属和副泥鳅属属间遗传距离(15.2%—17.5%)接近于泥鳅属种间遗传距离(10.7%—18.4%); 分子系统树显示我国泥鳅属鱼类未构成单系, 副泥鳅属嵌套分布于泥鳅属中; 北方泥鳅(Misgurnus bipartitus)和泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)亲缘关系近, 其次是大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus), 黑龙江泥鳅(Misgurnus mohoity)位于系统树的基部。结合形态特征与分子数据, 副泥鳅属应作为泥鳅属同属异名, 大鳞副泥鳅应归入泥鳅属; 北方泥鳅曾为黑龙江泥鳅的同物异名, 与黑龙江泥鳅存在明显的形态差异, 且两者亲缘关系较泥鳅远, 北方泥鳅为有效种。 相似文献
11.
本文收集了19—38岁国人正常男性新鲜睾丸、附睾和输精管13例,进行了氧化还原酶组织化学染色、光镜定位及定性观察。结果表明:睾丸曲细精管和输出小管上皮的GDH,NADHD,NADPHD,SDH,GPDH,ICDH,MDH,LDH和G-6-PDH9种酶;睾丸间质细胞和附睾管上皮的NADHD,NADPHD,SDH,ICDH,MDH,GDH,LDH和G-6-PDH8种酶;输精管的NADHD,NADPHD,ICDH和GDH4种酶的酶活性呈强阳性或极强阳性。提示输出小管和头部附睾管含有的多种氧化还原酶对精子功能成熟有极重要作用。 相似文献
12.
Palynology of South Indian Zingiberaceae 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
JOSE K. MANGALY JYOTHI NAYAR 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1990,103(4):351-366
MANGALY, J. K. & NAYAR, J. 1990. Palynology of South Indian Zingiberaceae. Light microscope studies on pollen morphology of 21 Old World, tropical taxa of Zingiberaceae reveal that an exine is absent only in Kaempferia . A discontinuous exine layer consisting of circular plates joined together at margins occurs in Alpinia galanga and Amomum hypoleucum while all other taxa possess an uninterrupted exine layer which is commonly 0.7 μm to less than 2.0 μrn thick (3.2 μm in Zingiber zerumbet , 2.5 μm in Amomum hypoleucum ). Exine is spinose in Alpinia (smooth in Alpinia sanderae ), Amomum and Boesenbergia , verrucose in Eleltaria , tuberculate to areolate or striate in Zingiber , papillose in Globba and smooth or nearly so in Curcuma, Costus and Hedychiurn . Pollen grains are spheroidal, 50–90 μm in size (35 μm in Globba ophioglossa ), and inaparturate (foraminate in Costus ), except in Curcuma and Zingiber where they are ovoid to ellipsoidal, 70–135 times 60–80 μm in size and sulcate. A lamellated intine, much thicker than the exine, occurs in all, and it is thinner at the apertural region in Curcuma, Costus and Zingiber; in Elettaria and Hedychiurn it is thinner in one or few large scattered circular areas, and in Boesenbergia and Alpinia zerumbet on one side of the grains. Palynologirally Alpinia, Amomum, Boesenbergia, Kaempferia and Zingiber constitute one group while Elettaria, Hedychiurn and Costus constitute another. 相似文献
13.
Aquaporins: water channel proteins of the cell membrane 总被引:37,自引:0,他引:37
Aquaporins (AQP) are integral membrane proteins that serve as channels in the transfer of water, and in some cases, small solutes across the membrane. They are conserved in bacteria, plants, and animals. Structural analyses of the molecules have revealed the presence of a pore in the center of each aquaporin molecule. In mammalian cells, more than 10 isoforms (AQP0-AQP10) have been identified so far. They are differentially expressed in many types of cells and tissues in the body. AQP0 is abundant in the lens. AQP1 is found in the blood vessels, kidney proximal tubules, eye, and ear. AQP2 is expressed in the kidney collecting ducts, where it shuttles between the intracellular storage sites and the plasma membrane under the control of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Mutations of AQP2 result in diabetes insipidus. AQP3 is present in the kidney collecting ducts, epidermis, urinary, respiratory, and digestive tracts. AQP3 in organs other than the kidney may be involved in the supply of water to them. AQP4 is present in the brain astrocytes, eye, ear, skeletal muscle, stomach parietal cells, and kidney collecting ducts. AQP5 is in the secretory cells such as salivary, lacrimal, and sweat glands. AQP5 is also expressed in the ear and eye. AQP6 is localized intracellular vesicles in the kidney collecting duct cells. AQP7 is expressed in the adipocytes, testis, and kidney. AQP8 is expressed in the kidney, testis, and liver. AQP9 is present in the liver and leukocytes. AQP10 is expressed in the intestine. The diverse and characteristic distribution of aquaporins in the body suggests their important and specific roles in each organ. 相似文献
14.
啮齿动物作用下退耕地山杏种子扩散与贮藏的季节变化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
啮齿动物对植物种子的取食和扩散影响种子的时空分布,继而影响种子的萌发和幼苗建成,因而在森林更新中起着重要作用.在国有济源市愚公林场,选择退耕地生境,于春季、夏季、秋季分别释放人工标记的山杏种子,观察啮齿动物扩散与埋藏山杏种子的季节性差异.结果表明:1)退耕地中的啮齿动物主要包括大林姬鼠、社鼠、黑线姬鼠;2)山杏种子扩散速率在春季显著慢于夏季,夏季显著慢于秋季;3)种子搬运量受季节和种子状态交互作用影响,春季显著少于夏季,夏季显著少于秋季;4)不同季节种子平均搬运距离不同,秋季不同状态种子的搬运距离均大于春季和夏季;5)啮齿动物对山杏种子的贮藏点大小多为1粒种子,少量为2、3粒种子,且贮藏点大小与季节间存在显著的交互作用,春季单粒种子的贮藏点数量显著少于夏季和秋季,而夏季与秋季的贮藏点则倾向于多粒种子;6)在夏季和秋季各有5枚(共释放1800枚)被啮齿动物分散贮藏的山杏种子建成幼苗. 相似文献
15.
It is noteworthy that in the rat the early postnatal life is marked by an activation of both the corticostimulating function
of the adenohypophysis in neonates of both sexes and of the gonadostimulating function mainly in males. In order to specify
if such neuroendocrine variations are temporally correlated with changes in the hypothalamic metabolism of neurotransmitters,
the hypothalamic metabolism of serotonin (5 HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) and the hypothalamic content of neuropeptide
Y (NPY) have been investigated in newborn rats of both sexes, delivered at term by cesarean section, as well as changes in
the activity of both the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) and the hypothalamo-pituitary gonadal axis (HPG). Experimental
data suggested that 1) in males a rise in hypothalamic metabolism of 5 HT, NE and DA occurs during the first two hours after
delivery, whereas in females, only the metabolism of NE increases. Moreover, the postnatal metabolism of NE was higher in
females than in littermate males; 2) NPY content of the hypothalamus, which was at birth significantly higher in males than
in females, dropped in the former but not in the latter; 3) in newborn males, an early surge of plasma testosterone occurs,
suggesting postnatal activation of the HPG axis; on the other hand, in females, a late and slight increase in plasma estradiol
is observed; 4) in early postnatal life, a sex-independent rise in plasma ACTH and adrenal and plasma corticosterone levels
suggest a comparable activation of the HPA axis in newborns of both sexes. In conclusion, the early postnatal activation of
the corticostimulating function in neonates of both sexes and that of the gonadostimulating function, mainly in males, could
be temporally correlated with a rise in the hypothalamic metabolism of two neurotransmitters, 5 HT and NE, and of NPY content.
According to our data, a sex-dependent metabolsim of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamus is already apparent in early postnatal
life. 相似文献
16.
Seasonal patterns in feeding ecology of three small fishes in the Biandantang Lake, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Feeding ecology of three small fish species, Hypseleotris swinhonis, Ctenogobius giurinus and Pseudorasbora parva was studied seasonally in the Biandantang Lake, a small, shallow lake in central China. Gut length, adjusted for total body length, was significantly higher in spring than in other seasons for all the three species. Seasonal changes in gut length were not associated with changes in food quality. Weight of fore-gut contents, adjusted for body weight, was significantly higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn in H. swinhonis and C. giurinus , and significantly higher in autumn than in spring and summer for P. parva. Percentage of empty fore-guts was highest in summer and lowest in spring for H. swinhonis and C. giurinus , and highest in winter and lowest in autumn for P. parva. Diet of the three small fishes showed apparent seasonal changes, and these changes reflected partly the seasonal fluctuations of food resources in environment. Diet breadth was high in winter and low in autumn for H. swinhonis , high in winter and low in spring and summer for C. giurinus , and high in autumn and low in spring for P. parva. Diet overlaps between pairs of species were biologically significant in most cases, except between H. swinhonis and P. parva in summer and autumn and between C. giurinus and P. parva in autumn. 相似文献
17.
The neuropeptide oxytocin has been implicated in the regulation of affiliative behavior and maternal responsiveness in several mammalian species. Rodent species vary considerably in the expression of juvenile alloparental behavior. For example, alloparental behavior is spontaneous in juvenile female prairie voles (approximately 20 days of age), takes 1-3 days of pup exposure to develop in juvenile rats, and is nearly absent in juvenile mice and meadow voles. Here, we tested the hypothesis that species differences in pup responsiveness in juvenile rodents are associated with oxytocin receptor (OTR) density in specific brain regions. We found that OTR density in the nucleus accumbens (NA) is highest in juvenile prairie voles, intermediate in juvenile rats, and lowest in juvenile mice and meadow voles. In the caudate putamen (CP), OTR binding was highest in prairie voles, intermediate in rats and meadow voles, and lowest in mice. In contrast, the lateral septum (LS) shows an opposite pattern, with OTR binding being high in mice and meadow voles and low in prairie voles and rats. Thus, alloparental responsiveness in juvenile rodents is positively correlated with OTR density in the NA and CP and negatively correlated with OTR density in the LS. We then investigated whether a similar receptor-behavior relationship exists among juvenile female prairie voles by correlating individual variation in alloparental behavior with variation in OTR density. The time spent adopting crouching postures, the most distinctive component of alloparental behavior in juveniles, was positively correlated with OTR density in the NA (r = 0.47) and CP (r = 0.45) and negatively correlated with OTR density in the lateral septum (r = -0.53). Thus, variation in OTR density in the NA, CP, and LS may underlie both species and individual differences in alloparental care in rodents. 相似文献
18.
社鼠组织器官同工酶的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳方法,分析了社鼠的肝、肾、心肌、骨骼肌、肺、脾和脑等多种组织器官的LDH、ADH、EST、和SOD4种同工酶,对各组织器官的酶带数目和分布,以及酶活性进行了比较研究。结果表明,社鼠的LDH同工酶、ADH同工酶和EST同工酶具有比较明显的组织特异性,而SOD同工酶的组织特异性较低。肺和脾除EST同工酶活性较高外,脑除LDH同工酶活性较高外,其它3种同工酶的活性均较低;而肝和肾中4种同工酶的活性普遍很高。心肌和骨骼肌因氧张力不同而使LDH同工酶酶谱存在明显差异,但其它3种同工酶酶谱却非常相似。同工酶的组织特异性与各组织器官所执行的生理功能是相一致的 相似文献
19.
自第一批种子于1947年12月底走出中国国门,著名‘活化石’水杉已在世界上栽培了60年。过去的5年间通过各种调查方式获得了6大洲近50个国家的2535份资料。调查结果显示,水杉除在欧美及东亚等国家栽培非常普遍外,阿根廷、澳大利亚、智利、印度、墨西哥、尼泊尔、新西兰、南非、泰国、土耳其、津巴布韦等国也有成功的栽培。生长最好的是北美植物耐寒带5-9及欧洲和东亚相似气候地区的栽培水杉,植株最高已达38m,最大胸围已达6.2m。调查内容包括引种的时间、栽培地点、株数、高度及胸围,调查单位不仅包括公立的单位,还包括不对外开放的私人住宅。另外,还讨论了栽培用途、限制因子以及原生种群的资源保护等。 相似文献
20.
Ayana Hasegawa Miwa Watanabe Hironari Osada Misato Ogawa Hikaru Ohno Nanako Yanuma Kazuaki Sasaki Minoru Shimoda Junsuke Shirai Keitaro Ohmori 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2018,495(3):2184-2188
A time-of-day-dependent variation in IgE-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis was previously reported in ICR mice. In the present study, we investigated time-of-day-dependent variations in IgE-, histamine-, and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in C57BL/6, BALB/c, and NC/Nga mice at 9:00?h and 21:00?h, and evaluated the potential influence of glucocorticoids (GCs) on these variations. We found significant time-of-day-dependent variations in IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice, and in histamine- and PAF-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in BALB/c mice. Significant daily variations in IgE-, histamine-, and PAF-mediated systemic anaphylaxis were not observed in NC/Nga mice. Pretreatment with dexamethasone and adrenalectomy abolished the daily variations in IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in C57BL/6 mice and in PAF-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in BALB/c mice, suggesting that GCs from adrenal glands are pivotal in regulating these variations. In contrast, pretreatment with dexamethasone and adrenalectomy did not abolish the daily variation in histamine-mediated systemic anaphylaxis in BALB/c mice, suggesting that GC-independent and adrenal gland-independent mechanisms are important for the variation. The present study demonstrated that time-of-day-dependent variations in systemic anaphylaxis differed among inbred mouse strains and with anaphylaxis-inducing substances. Thus, mouse strains, time of experiment, and anaphylaxis-inducing substances used must be considered to obtain appropriate experimental results. 相似文献