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1.
张开亮  张峰  张涛 《生物磁学》2009,(16):3173-3175
癌症本质上是一种多种因素导致的基因疾病。作为肿瘤形成假说中的重要补充内容,表观遗传学已经成为新的研究中心。DNA甲基化是人类基因组发生最为常见的一种表观遗传学事件,因而研究甲基化与肿瘤的关系成为当前分子生物学的热点之一。这篇综述是关于DNA甲基化与食管腺癌的研究进展,包括DNA高甲基化异常与食管腺癌的发生,以及针对甲基化的检测手段,诊断,治疗以及预后。  相似文献   

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DNA甲基化是表观遗传修饰的重要形式之一,是植物中较早发现的DNA共价修饰方式。在植物的正常生长发育中,DNA甲基化与植物基因组维持、体细胞无性系变异、外来基因防御、内源基因的表达、转基因沉默以及基因印迹之间有着极大的关系,因此,植物DNA甲基化的研究对植物基因工程的发展有着举足轻重的作用。本文介绍了参与DNA甲基化的各种酶和蛋白质,阐述了DNA甲基化相关机制的最新研究进展。  相似文献   

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甲基化修饰是脊椎动物DNA唯一的自然修饰方式,动物基因组甲基化与基因表达密切相关.DNA甲基化通过与反式作用因子相互作用或通过改变染色质结构而影响表达,在细胞分化、发育、X染色体失活、基因组印记及肿瘤发生发展中起重要作用.  相似文献   

4.
Guo XX  Ye HY  Zhang M 《遗传》2011,33(7):713-719
DNA甲基化是表观遗传调控的重要机制,但果蝇很久以来被认为是一种缺乏甲基化的模式生物。近年来才证实果蝇基因组中有5′-甲基胞嘧啶残基的存在,其DNA甲基化水平在胚胎发育早期达到最高,总体水平低于脊椎动物及植物。果蝇拥有一个包含dDNMT2和dMBD2/3的简单甲基化修饰系统,其分别与哺乳动物中的DNMT2家族及MBD2/MBD3蛋白高度同源。果蝇DNA甲基化模式和特点可能随果蝇种类不同而不同。文章对果蝇DNA甲基化特点及其功能研究进展进行了综述。  相似文献   

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肺癌病人肿瘤组织DNA高甲基化片段的筛选   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
关于DNA甲基化在肿瘤中的作用的研究,大多集中在研究已知的抑癌基因启动子区的异常高甲基化。而一些未知的参与肿瘤发生的基因也可能受甲基化调控,寻找这些与肿瘤相关的基因,对深入了解肿瘤发生的机制具有重要意义。利用甲基化敏感性随机引物PCR(Methyrlation-Sensitive Arbitrarily Primed PCR,MS-AP-PCR),检查了肺癌组织中基因组范围内CpG岛高甲基化情况,分离到8个高甲基化片段(hypermethylated DNA fragment.HMDF)。通过克隆、测序和Blast、NewCpGseek软件分析,发现所有的片段均为典型的CpG岛,有4个片段与人2、7、9、10号染色体上的同源性为99%~100%,但只有1个是已知的基因。进一步利用Neural Network Promoter Prediction、TSSG和TSSW等软件对其余7个片段可能的生物学意义进行了分析,结果有4个片段是候选的启动子区,提示它们可能源于新基因。所获得的高甲基化片段可能是中国人肺癌发生过程中特有的表遗传学改变。  相似文献   

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DNA甲基化是基因表达的表观遗传调控机制之一,在细胞分化和疾病发生过程中发挥着重要的作用。病毒感染可导致DNA甲基化水平变化,从而影响疾病的发生与发展。随着全基因组甲基化测序等生物学新技术的飞速发展,对DNA甲基化也有了更深的认识。现就DNA甲基化和去甲基化的主要影响因素以及病毒感染过程中导致甲基化水平改变的机制做一概述,为从表观遗传角度研究病毒致病机制提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
真核生物的DNA甲基转移酶与DNA甲基化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
真核生物的DNA甲基化就是在DNA的CpG二核苷酸胞嘧啶的第 5位碳原子上加上甲基 ,催化这一过程的是DNA甲基转移酶 (Dnmt)。DNA的甲基化修饰参与基因表达调控、胚胎发育、细胞分化、基因组印迹、X染色体灭活和细胞记忆等诸多重要生物学过程[1,2 ] 。在不同组织或同一类型细胞的不同发育阶段 ,基因组DNA上各CpG位点甲基化状态的差异即构成基因组的DNA甲基化谱。根据催化反应类型。可以将DNA甲基转移酶分为三类 :第一类将腺嘌呤转化成N6 甲基腺嘌呤 ;第二类将胞嘧啶转化成N4 甲基胞嘧啶 ;第三类将胞嘧啶转化成…  相似文献   

8.
王萍  房静远 《生命科学》2009,(2):291-294
线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)遗传信息量虽小,却控制着线粒体一些最基本的性质,对细胞及其功能有着重要影响。mtDNA的损伤与衰老、肿瘤等疾病的发生有关。DNA甲基化是调节基因表达的重要方式之一。mtDNA基因的表达受核DNA(nuclear DNA,nDNA)的调控,mtDNA和nDNA协同作用参与机体代谢调节和发病。本文就近年来mtDNA与DNA甲基化的关系作一综述。  相似文献   

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线粒体是除细胞核之外唯一携带遗传物质的细胞器,其线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)控制着线粒体一些最基本的性质,对细胞功能有着重要影响.DNA甲基化是调节基因表达的重要方式之一.研究表明mtDNA存在CpG位点的低甲基化,并且mtDNA基因的表达受核DNA(nuclear DNA,nDNA)及线粒体自身DNA甲基化的调控,mtDNA和nDNA协同作用参与机体代谢调节和疾病发生发展过程.就近年来mtDNA与DNA甲基化的关系作一综述.  相似文献   

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DNA甲基化是表观遗传学的重要研究内容之一.甲基化分析的方法多且研究难度大,各种方法都有其一定的优势和不足.本文综述了基因组DNA甲基化和特定DNA片段甲基化状态分析方法新进展,为研究者提供参考.  相似文献   

11.
    
Gastric adenocarcinoma is an important death-related cancer. To find factors related to survival and prognosis, and thus improve recovery prospects, a powerful signature is needed. DNA methylation plays an important role in gastric adenocarcinoma processes and development, and here we report on the search for a significant DNA methylation gene to aid with the earlier diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. A Cox proportional risk regression analysis and random survival forest algorithm were used to analyze gastric adenocarcinoma patients’ DNA methylation data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, a public database. DNA methylation gene signature consisting of five genes (SERPINA3, AP000357.4, GZMA, AC004702.2, and GREB1L) were selected. As the most accurate predictor, the area under the curve in the training and test group were 0.72 and 0.61, respectively. The signature was able to sort patients into high- and low-risk groups with meaningful overall survival rates (median: 18.36 vs 72.23 months, log-rank test, P < 0.001) in the training group, which predictive ability was validated in a test data set (median: 25.56 vs 58.80 months, log-rank test, P < 0.016). A multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the significant DNA methylation was an independent prediction prognostic factor for gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Functional analysis suggests that these signature genes may be related to pathways and biological processes associated with tumorigenesis. The significant DNA methylation gene could be a novel prediction and prognostic biomarker that both aids in the treatment and predicts the overall survival likelihoods of gastric adenocarcinoma patients.  相似文献   

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应用甲基化敏感扩增多态性(Methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism, MSAP) 技术分析了大花蕙兰( Cymbidium hybridium) 授粉前后子房DNA 甲基化状态的变化(甲基化水平和甲基化差异模式) 。采用72 对引物进行选择性扩增, 共得到5892 条带, 其中748 条带为甲基化多态性带。结果显示DNA 甲基化在大花蕙兰子房发育过程中发生频繁, 从授粉前后子房的总扩增位点甲基化水平(14%和11. 4%) 和全甲基化率(9.5%和7.8% ) 来看, 授粉后都略低于未授粉子房, 表明子房在授粉后的发育过程中在某些位点发生了去甲基化。除甲基化水平有变化外, 大花蕙兰子房授粉前后的DNA 甲基化模式也存在较大差异, 共检测到14 种带型, 分为两大类( Ⅰ 和Ⅱ 型)。其中, 授粉前后DNA 甲基化状态保持不变的位点少, 只占25.6% , 归为Ⅰ型; 大部分检测位点( 占74.4% , 归为Ⅱ型) 的DNA 甲基化模式在授粉前后存在显著差异。上述结果表明, 大花蕙兰子房发育过程中以DNA 甲基化为代表的表观遗传调控起重要作用。本研究的开展将促进对与大花蕙兰子房发育相关的甲基化差异片段及受DNA 甲基化调控的关键基因的克隆, 进而为从表观遗传学这一新角度揭示大花蕙兰子房发育的分子机制奠定基础。  相似文献   

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Background: A significant factor influencing the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is tumor metastasis. Studies have shown that abnormal DNA methylation in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is associated with tumour metastasis. Based on the genes expressed in CTCs that play an important role in DNA methylation, we hope to build a risk model to predict prognosis and provide a therapeutic strategy in LUAD.Methods: The CTC sequencing data for LUAD were obtained from {\"type\":\"entrez-geo\",\"attrs\":{\"text\":\"GSE74639\",\"term_id\":\"74639\"}}GSE74639, which contains 10 CTC samples and 6 primary tumour samples. To carefully assess the clinical value, functional status, involvement of the tumor microenvironment (TME) based on the risk model, and genetic variants based on based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), a reliable risk model was successfully built.Results: Three differentially methylated genes (DMGs) of CTCs for LUAD, including mitochondrial ribosomal protein L51 (MRPL51), STE20-like kinase (SLK), and protein regulator of cytokinesis 1(PRC1), were effectively used to construct a risk model. Both the training and validation cohorts'' stability and accuracy of the risk model were evaluated. Each patient in the TCGA-LUAD cohort received a risk score, and based on the median score, they were divided into high- and low-risk groups. The tumors in the high-risk group in this study were classified as \"cold\" and immunosuppressed, which may be linked to a poor prognosis. The tumors in the low-risk group, however, were deemed \"hot\" and had immune hyperfunction linked to a positive prognosis. Additionally, patients in the low-risk group showed greater sensitivity to immunotherapy than those in the high-risk group.Conclusions: Based on DMGs of CTCs from LUAD, we successfully developed a predictive risk model and discovered differences in biological function, TME, genetic variation, and clinical outcomes between those at high and low risk group.  相似文献   

17.
Assessing reliability of gene clusters from gene expression data   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
The rapid development of microarray technologies has raised many challenging problems in experiment design and data analysis. Although many numerical algorithms have been successfully applied to analyze gene expression data, the effects of variations and uncertainties in measured gene expression levels across samples and experiments have been largely ignored in the literature. In this article, in the context of hierarchical clustering algorithms, we introduce a statistical resampling method to assess the reliability of gene clusters identified from any hierarchical clustering method. Using the clustering trees constructed from the resampled data, we can evaluate the confidence value for each node in the observed clustering tree. A majority-rule consensus tree can be obtained, showing clusters that only occur in a majority of the resampled trees. We illustrate our proposed methods with applications to two published data sets. Although the methods are discussed in the context of hierarchical clustering methods, they can be applied with other cluster-identification methods for gene expression data to assess the reliability of any gene cluster of interest. Electronic Publication  相似文献   

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The review considers the methods most commonly used to detect DNA methylation, their advantages, potential limitations, and selection for various purposes. A detailed protocol is described for bisulfite treatment, which is used as a preliminary step in the majority of DNA methylation assays.  相似文献   

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