Eleven new species of Sugiyamaella and Candida from forest habitats

Eleven new yeasts from forest habitats are described from nucleotide sequence analysis of the nearly entire large subunit rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rRNA gene, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene, and the cytochrome oxidase II gene. All are members of the Sugiyamaella clade. Three are heterothallic species of Sugiyamaella and eight species are assigned to Candida. The Sugiyamaella species are: Su. americana sp. nov., type strain NRRL YB-2067 (CBS 10352), mating type a, and isotype NRRL YB-4197 (CBS 10353), mating type alpha; Su. chiloensis sp. nov., type strain NRRL Y-17646 (CBS 8168), mating type a, and isotype NRRL Y-27101 (CBS 5927), mating type alpha, anamorph Ca. bertae; Su. japonica sp. nov., type strain NRRL YB-2788 (CBS 10354), diploid, NRRL YB-2764 (CBS 10355), mating type a, and NRRL YB-2799 (CBS 10356), mating type alpha. The Candida species with type strains are: Ca. boreocaroliniensis sp. nov. NRRL YB-1835 (CBS 10344), Ca. floridensis sp. nov. NRRL YB-3827 (CBS 10350), Ca. grinbergsii sp. nov. NRRL Y-27117 (CBS 5924), Ca. lignohabitans sp. nov. NRRL YB-1473 (CBS 10342), Ca. marilandica sp. nov. NRRL YB-1847 (CBS 10346), Ca. marionensis sp. nov. NRRL YB-1336 (CBS 10341), Ca. neomexicana sp. nov. NRRL YB-2450 (CBS 10349), and Ca. pinicola sp. nov. NRRL YB-2263 (CBS 10348).     

Candida alocasiicola sp. nov., Candida hainanensis sp. nov., Candida heveicola sp. nov. and Candida musiphila sp. nov., novel anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from plants

In a taxonomic study on the ascomycetous yeasts isolated from plant materials collected in tropical forests in Yunnan and Hainan Provinces, southern China, four strains isolated from tree sap (YJ2E(T)) and flowers (YF9E(T), YWZH3C(T) and YYF2A(T)) were revealed to represent four undescribed yeast species. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the large subunit (26S) rRNA gene D1/D2 domain sequences showed that strain YJ2E(T) was located in a clade together with Candida haemulonii and C. pseudohaemulonii. Strain YF9E(T) was most closely related to C. azyma and strain YWZH3C(T) to C. sorbophila and C. spandovensis. Strain YYF2A(T) was clustered in a clade containing small-spored Metschnikowia species and related anamorphic Candida species. The new strains differed from their closely related described species by more than 10% mismatches in the D1/D2 domain. No sexual states were observed for the four strains on various sporulation media. The new species are therefore assigned to the genus Candida and described as Candida alocasiicola sp. nov. (type strain, YF9E(T) = AS 2.3484(T) = CBS 10702(T)), Candida hainanensis sp. nov. (type strain, YYF2A(T) = AS 2.3478(T) = CBS 10696(T)), Candida heveicola sp. nov. (type strain, YJ2E(T) = AS 2.3483(T) = CBS 10701(T)) and Candida musiphila sp. nov. (type strain, YWZH3C(T) = AS 2.3479(T) = CBS 10697(T)).     

New species and a new combination in the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hyphopichia</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Yarrowia</Emphasis> yeast clades

Three new species of Candida and a new combination in the genus Hyphopichia are proposed from phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide divergence in domains D1/D2 of the large subunit (26S) rDNA. The new taxa and their type strains are the following: Candida bentonensis sp. nov. (NRRL YB-2364, CBS 9994), Candida hispaniensis sp. nov. (NRRL Y-5580, CBS 9996), Candida pseudorhagii sp. nov. (NRRL YB-2076, CBS 9998) and Hyphopichia heimii comb. nov. (NRRL Y-7502, CBS 6139), basionym Pichia heimii Pignal. Phylogenetic analysis placed C. pseudorhagii and H. heimii in the Hyphopichia clade whereas C. bentonensis and C. hispaniensis are members of the Yarrowia clade.     

Four novel yeasts from decaying organic matter: Blastobotrys robertii sp. nov., Candida cretensis sp. nov., Candida scorzettiae sp. nov. and Candida vadensis sp. nov

Four novel yeast species are described, two from decaying mushrooms, viz. Candida cretensis and Candida vadensis, and two from rotten wood, viz. Blastobotrys robertii and Candida scorzettiae. Accession numbers for the CBS and ARS Culture Collections, and GenBank accession numbers for the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of ribosomal DNA are: B. robertii CBS 10106^T, NRRL Y-27775, DQ839395; C. cretensis CBS 9453^T, NRRL Y-27777, AY4998861 and DQ839393; C. scorzettiae CBS 10107^T, NRRL Y-27665, DQ839394; C. vadensis CBS 9454^T, NRRL Y-27778, AY498863 and DQ839396. The GenBank accession number for the ITS region of C. cretensis is AY498862 and that for C. vadensis is AY498864. C. cretensis was the only species of the four that displayed fermentative activity. All four type strains grew on n-hexadecane. C. scorzettiae is the only one of the new species that assimilates some phenolic compounds, viz. 3-hydroxy derivatives of benzoic, phenylacetic and cinnamic acids, but not the corresponding 4-hydroxy acids. This is indicative of an operative gentisate pathway.     

New species and new combinations in the yeast genera Kregervanrija gen. nov., Saturnispora and Candida

Analysis of nucleotide sequences from the domains 1 and 2 of the large-subunit rDNA demonstrated species of the Pichia fluxuum clade to be phylogenetically isolated, and domains 1 and 2 and internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence analyses of strains phenotypically identified as P. fluxuum resulted in the discovery of three new species. From this work, the following new genus, new species, and new combinations are proposed: Kregervanrija gen. nov.; type species Kregervanrija fluxuum comb. nov. (type strain NRRL YB-4273, CBS 2287); Kregervanrija delftensis comb. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-7119, CBS 2614); Kregervanrija pseudodelftensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-5494, CBS 10105); Saturnispora besseyi comb. nov. (NRRL YB-4711, CBS 6343); Saturnispora mendoncae sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-11515, CBS 5620); and Candida abiesophila sp. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-11514, CBS 5366).     

Three new species of Candida from apple cider: C. anglica, C. cidri and C. pomicola

Three new anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts are described: Candida anglica (type strain NRRL Y-27079, CBS 4262), Candida cidri (type strain NRRL Y-27078, CBS 4241), and Candida pomicola (type strain NRRL Y-27083, CBS 4242). These three species were isolated from cider produced in the United Kingdom, and their identification was determined from unique nucleotide sequences in the species-specific D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of D1/D2 sequences placed C. anglica near Candida fragi, C. cidri near Pichia capsulata, and C. pomicola in the Pichia holstii clade.     

Four new Candida species from geographically diverse locations

Four new species of Candida are described based on their unique nucleotide sequences in the D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. Candida peoriaensis (type strain NRRL YB-1497, CBS 8800) and C. ponderosae (type strain NRRL YB-2307, CBS 8801) are members of the Pichia anomala clade and were isolated in the U.S. from, respectively, the stump of an elm tree (Ulmus sp.) and from insect frass of a Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa). Candida ghanaensis (type strain NRRL YB-1486, CBS 8798) is a phylogenetically divergent species from soil in Ghana and appears related to the Dipodascus/Geotrichum clade. Candida litsaeae (type strain NRRL YB-3246, CBS 8799) was isolated from the frass of an insect-infested Litsaea polyantha tree from India, and is a divergent species that is most closely related to Candida ontarioensis.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Candida gelsemii</Emphasis> sp. nov., a yeast of the Metschnikowiaceae clade isolated from nectar of the poisonous Carolina jessamine

A new yeast species, Candida gelsemii, is described to accommodate three isolates recovered in Georgia, USA, from the toxic nectar of the Carolina jessamine (Gelsemium sempervirens). The species resembles other members of the Metschnikowiaceae clade that have been recovered from nectar, but differs in a number of morphological and physiological characteristics. Analysis of rDNA sequences places the new species well into the clade, but in a basal position with respect to a group of Metschnikowia and Candida species known to occur in association with nectars and bees, as well as marine invertebrates. The type is strain UWOPS 06–24.1^T (CBS 10509^T, NRRL Y-48212^T.     

Three new anascosporic genera of the Saccharomycotina: Danielozyma gen. nov., Deakozyma gen. nov. and Middelhovenomyces gen. nov

Three new non-ascosporic, ascomycetous yeast genera are proposed based on their isolation from currently described species and genera. Phylogenetic placement of the genera was determined from analysis of nuclear gene sequences for D1/D2 large subunit rRNA, small subunit rRNA, translation elongation factor-1α and RNA polymerase II, subunits B1 and B2. The new taxa are: Deakozyma gen. nov., type species Deakozyma indianensis sp. nov. (type strain NRRL YB-1937, CBS 12903); Danielozyma gen. nov., type species Danielozyma ontarioensis comb. nov. (type strain NRRL YB-1246, CBS 8502); D. litseae comb. nov. (type strain NRRL YB-3246, CBS 8799); Middelhovenomyces gen. nov., type species Middelhovenomyces tepae comb. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-17670, CBS 5115) and M. petrohuensis comb. nov. (type strain NRRL Y-17663, CBS 8173).     

Yarrowia porcina sp. nov. and Yarrowia bubula f.a. sp. nov., two yeast species from meat and river sediment

Eleven yeast strains representing two hitherto undescribed species were isolated from different kinds of meat samples in Hungary and one from the sediment of a tropical freshwater river in Southeastern Brazil. The analysis of the sequences of their large subunit rRNA gene D1/D2 domain and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions placed the two new species in the Yarrowia clade. Some of the seven strains representing the first new species can mate and give rise to asci and form ascospores embedded in capsular material, which qualifies it as the third teleomorph species of the Yarrowia clade. The name Yarrowia porcina sp. nov. (type strain: NCAIM Y.02100^T = CBS 12935^T = NRRL Y-63669^T, allotype strain UFMG-RD131^A = CBS 12932^A) is proposed for this new yeast species, which, based on physiological characters, is indistinguishable from Yarrowia lipolytica and some other species of the genus. Considerable intraspecific variability was detected among the sequences of the large subunit rRNA gene D1/D2 domains of the seven strains. The variability among the D1/D2 sequences exceeded the divergence observed among the ITS sequences and in some cases more than 1 % substitution among the D1/D2 sequences was detected. The conspecificity of these strains was supported by the low (0–3 substitutions) sequence divergence among their ITS sequences, the result of a parsimony network analysis utilizing the concatenated ITS and D1/D2 sequences and also by the fingerprint patterns generated by microsatellite primed PCR. No ascospore formation was observed in the group of the other five strains representing the second new species. These strains shared identical D1/D2 and ITS sequences. Yarrowia bubula f.a., sp. nov. (type strain: NCAIM Y.01998^T = CBS 12934^T = NRRL Y-63668^T) is proposed to accommodate these strains.     

Komagataella populi sp. nov. and Komagataella ulmi sp. nov., two new methanol assimilating yeasts from exudates of deciduous trees

Two new species of the methanol assimilating ascosporic yeast genus Komagataella are described. Komagataella populi sp. nov. (NRRL YB-455, CBS 12362, type strain, MycoBank accession number = 564110) was isolated from an exudate on a cottonwood tree (Populus deltoides), Peoria, Illinois, USA, and Komagataella ulmi sp. nov. (NRRL YB-407, CBS 12361, type strain, MycoBank accession number = 564111) was isolated from the exudate on an elm tree (Ulmus americana), also growing in Peoria, Illinois. The species were resolved from divergence in gene sequences for domains D1/D2 LSU rRNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, mitochondrial small subunit rRNA, RNA polymerase subunit 1 and translation elongation factor-1α. Species of Komagataella assimilate few carbon compounds and are unlikely to be resolved from differences in standard growth and fermentation tests. For this reason, separation of species is dependent on gene sequence analysis.     

Candida queiroziae sp. nov., a cellobiose-fermenting yeast species isolated from rotting wood in Atlantic Rain Forest

Eight strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from rotting wood and wood-boring insects in Atlantic Rain Forest ecosystems in Brazil. Sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of the rRNA gene showed that the yeast belongs to the Scheffersomyces clade and that it is related to Candida lignicola and Candida coipomoensis. The new species was isolated from rotting wood of three different localities and a wood-boring insect suggesting that these substrates are its ecological niche. This new yeast species is able to assimilate cellobiose and other compounds related to rotting wood. Strong fermentation of cellobiose in Durham tubes was observed for the strains of this new yeast. The new species produced an intracellular β-glucosidase responsible for cellobiose hydrolysis. The novel species, Candida queiroziae sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The type strain of C. queiroziae is UFMG-CLM 5.1(T) (=CBS 11853(T) = NRRL Y-48722(T)).     

Candida sirachaensis sp. nov. and Candida sakaeoensis sp. nov. two anamorphic yeast species from phylloplane in Thailand

Three strains (LM008^T, LM068 and LM078^T), representing two novel yeast species were isolated from the phylloplane of three plant species by an enrichment technique. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit rRNA gene and the internal spacer region, the three strains were assigned as two novel Candida species. Strain LM008^T was assigned to be Candida sirachaensis sp. nov. (type strain LM008^T = BCC 47628^T = NBRC 108605^T CBS 12094^T) in the Starmerella clade. Two strains (LM068 and LM078^T) represent a single species in the Lodderomyces-Spathaspora clade for which the name Candida sakaeoensis sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain LM078^T = BCC 47632^T = NBRC 108895^T = CBS 12318^T.     

Candida ogatae sp. nov., an anamorphic member of the Kuraishia clade

Three methanol-assimilating yeast strains representing a hitherto undescribed species were isolated from rotten wood and freshwater samples collected in Hungary. Analysis of the D1/D2 large subunit rRNA gene sequences placed the strains in the Kuraishia clade; however, no ascospore formation was observed. These strains differ from Candida hungarica , the genetically most closely related recognized species, by four and five substitutions in D1/D2 and by >1% and 4% differences in the internal transcribed spacer and in the mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene regions, respectively. Some phenotypic differences were also observed. Candida ogatae , a novel yeast species, is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The type culture is NCAIM Y.01845^T (CBS 10924, NRRL Y-48474).     

Candida dajiaensis sp. nov., Candida yuanshanicus sp. nov., Candida jianshihensis sp. nov., and Candida sanyiensis sp. nov., four anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from soil in Taiwan

Nine anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast strains belonging to the Pichia anomala clade were recovered from forest soil in 2006 in Taiwan. The nine yeast strains represent four novel yeast species based on the sequences of their D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and their physiological characteristics. The scientific names of Candida dajiaensis sp. nov., Candida yuanshanicus sp. nov., Candida jianshihensis sp. nov., and Candida sanyiensis sp. nov. are proposed for these novel yeast species. The type strains are C. dajiaensis SM11S03(T) (=CBS 10590(T)=BCRC 23099(T)), C. yuanshanicus SY3S02(T) (=CBS 10589(T)=BCRC 23100(T)), C. jianshihensis SM8S04(T) (=CBS 10591(T)=BCRC 23096(T)), and C. sanyiensis SA1S06(T) (=CBS 10592(T)=BCRC 23094(T)). Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 of the LSU rRNA gene revealed that the three species, C. dajiaensis, C. yuanshanicus and Pichia onychis, shared a separate branch in the phylogenetic tree, C. jianshihensis is phylogenetically related to Candida ulmi and Pichia alni, and the phylogenetically closest relative of C. sanyiensis is Pichia populi.     

Candida hyderabadensis sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from wine grapes

Three ascomycetous yeast strains were isolated from decaying green wine grapes, collected from Hyderabad city in India. Two strains, YS9 and YS21, were identified as Kodamaea ohmeri and Candida fermentati, respectively. The third strain, YS12(T), differs from Candida parapsilosis, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours, by 1.6-1.9% with respect to the nucleotide sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene and by 1.4-9.2% with respect to the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S rRNA gene-ITS2 region. YS12(T) also differs from C. parapsilosis, C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis by some phenotypic characteristics. Thus, based on the phenotypic differences and phylogenetic analysis, strain YS12(T) is assigned the status of a new species of Candida, for which the name C. hyderabadensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YS12(T) (NRRL Y-27953(T)=CBS10444(T)=IAM15334(T)).     

Two new species of the genus Candida in the Zygoascus clade, Candida lundiana sp. nov. and Candida suthepensis sp. nov., isolated from raw honey in Thailand

During a survey of yeasts associated with raw honey collected in Thailand, two strains of the Zygoascus clade were isolated from the Asian cavity-nesting honeybee Apis cerana and the stingless bee Homotrigona fimbriata. Phylogeny based on 26S rDNA D1/D2 sequences placed these yeasts as members of a clade including Candida bituminiphila, Candida patagonica and Candida polysorbophila. The strains of the two novel species, CBS 12271^T and CBS 12270^T, respectively, could be unquestionably distinguished from their relatives by rDNA sequences and other taxonomic characteristics. Therefore, the novel anamorphic species, Candida lundiana sp. nov. (type strain CBS 12271^T = JCM 16823^T) and Candida suthepensis sp. nov. (type strain CBS 12270^T = JCM 16822^T) are described.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ogataea saltuana</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel methanol-assimilating yeast species

Four ascosporulating strains of an undescribed methanol-assimilating yeast species were isolated from forest habitats in Hungary. Three were recovered from rotten wood and one from leaves of a sessile oak (Quercus petraea). An additional isolate of the undescribed species sharing similar phenotypic characters with the above-noted strains was recovered from the gut of an unidentified beetle collected from under the bark of a coniferous tree in Bulgaria. A closely related, but somewhat divergent strain was recovered from insect frass in a Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) collected in New Mexico, USA. Analysis of the D1/D2 sequences of the LSU rRNA gene placed the new species in the Ogataea clade. The ITS and the D1/D2 LSU sequences of the rRNA gene repeats were compared for the above-noted strains and that of the type strain of Ogataea zsoltii, the closest neighbour among currently recognized Ogataea species. Their relatedness was investigated by parsimony network analysis as well. As a result of the sequence analysis, it was concluded that the six strains isolated from tree associated habitats represent a single new yeast species. Ogataea saltuana sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains. The type strain NCAIM Y.01833^T (CBS 10795^T, NRRL Y-48448^T) was recovered from rotten wood of Scotch pine (Pinus silvestris) in Hungary. The GenBank accession number for the D1/D2 domain nuclear large subunit rRNA gene sequence of strain NCAIM Y.01833^T (CBS 10795^T, NRRL Y-48448^T) is EU327033. The MycoBank number of the new species is MB 519966.     

Spathaspora arborariae sp. nov., a d-xylose-fermenting yeast species isolated from rotting wood in Brazil

Four strains of a new yeast species were isolated from rotting wood from two sites in an Atlantic Rain Forest and a Cerrado ecosystem in Brazil. The analysis of the sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large-subunit rRNA gene showed that this species belongs to the Spathaspora clade. The new species ferments d -xylose efficiently and is related to Candida jeffriesii and Spathaspora passalidarum , both of which also ferment d -xylose. Similar to S. passalidarum , the new species produces unconjugated asci with a single greatly elongated ascospore with curved ends. The type strain of Spathaspora arborariae sp. nov. is UFMG-HM19.1A^T (=CBS11463^T=NRRL Y-48658^T).     

Two new species in the Pichia guilliermondii clade: Pichia caribbica sp. nov., the ascosporic state of Candida fermentati, and Candida carpophila comb. nov

Pichia caribbica sp. nov. (type strain DBVPG 4519, NRRL Y-27274, CBS 9966) is described as the ascosporic state of Candida fermentati, and Candida guilliermondii var. carpophila (type strain DBVPG 7739, NRRL Y-17905, CBS 5256) is elevated to species status as Candida carpophila comb. nov. These new taxa, which are indistinguishable on the basis of conventional taxonomic criteria, differ from one another and from Pichia guilliermondii by low DNA base sequence relatedness, different electrophoretic karyotypes, and nucleotide divergence in domains D1/D2 of 26S rDNA. Pichia caribbica produces one, rarely two, saturn-shaped ascospores in persistent asci. On the basis of molecular criteria, C. carpophila comb. nov., C. fukuyamaensis, and C. xestobii are conspecific, with the name C. carpophila having taxonomic priority.