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1.
《Journal for Nature Conservation》2014,22(6):570-576
Evaluations of species richness patterns have been performed at diverse scales, and biodiversity hotspots, especially endemism hotspots, have received much attention in conservation biology. We estimated the distributions of endemic bird species based on a 12-yr avian inventory project in Taiwan, identified biodiversity hotspots of endemism on a regional scale based on predictions from the ensemble forecasting framework and frequency histogram approach, and assessed the efficiency of protected areas. The results indicated that the predicted endemism hotspots were mostly located in mid- and high-elevation areas along the Central Mountain Range of Taiwan. An observed endemism hotspot was defined as one in which at least five of Taiwan's 17 endemic bird species were present. This criterion was used because the 5% of the sampled grid squares that were the richest in endemic bird species all had 5 endemic bird species or more. Seventy to seventy-one percent of the observed biodiversity hotspots matched the predicted biodiversity hotspots. This outcome was obtained whether the richness biodiversity in a grid square was based on summed predicted probability or summed predicted richness. The majority of the protected areas for these Taiwanese endemic bird species were national parks, protecting 24.1% of the predicted hotspot areas, whereas nature reserves and wildlife refuges protected less than 7%. Most of the predicted endemism hotspots were not adequately protected. We conclude that the ensemble forecasting framework and the frequency histogram approach are useful for selecting critical habitats and biodiversity hotspots for endemic species and for appraising the efficiency of the protection status provided by governments. 相似文献
2.
Conservation of Freshwater Biodiversity: a Comparison of Different Area Selection Methods 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The biodiversity of freshwater systems is endangered, especially in Mediterranean semiarid areas such as the south east of
the Iberian Peninsula, whose rich and endemic biota is threatened by the development of surrounding land-crop irrigation.
For this reason, the prioritization of areas for biodiversity conservation is an urgent target. In this study we used data
records of water beetles from a province of the southeast of Spain for assessing priority areas for freshwater biodiversity
conservation. We compare the performance of various area-selection methods, ranging from scoring procedures to complementarity-based
algorithms, which are based on different criteria such as richness, rarity and vulnerability. The complementarity approaches
were more efficient than methods using scoring or richness and rarity hotspots for representing conservation targets in a
given number of areas and for identifying the minimum set of areas containing all species at least once. Within these, the
richness-based algorithm was more efficient than rarity-based algorithm. Crucial target habitats for aquatic biodiversity
conservation in the area studied are streams at medium altitude, hypersaline streams, and endorreic and karstic complexes. 相似文献
3.
Despite an increasing amount of data on the effects of tropical land use on continental forest fauna and flora, it is debatable whether the choice of the indicator variables allows for a proper evaluation of the role of modified habitats in mitigating the global biodiversity crisis. While many single-taxon studies have highlighted that species with narrow geographic ranges especially suffer from habitat modification, there is no multi-taxa study available which consistently focuses on geographic range composition of the studied indicator groups. We compiled geographic range data for 180 bird, 119 butterfly, 204 tree and 219 understorey plant species sampled along a gradient of habitat modification ranging from near-primary forest through young secondary forest and agroforestry systems to annual crops in the southwestern lowlands of Cameroon. We found very similar patterns of declining species richness with increasing habitat modification between taxon-specific groups of similar geographic range categories. At the 8 km(2) spatial level, estimated richness of endemic species declined in all groups by 21% (birds) to 91% (trees) from forests to annual crops, while estimated richness of widespread species increased by +101% (trees) to +275% (understorey plants), or remained stable (-2%, butterflies). Even traditional agroforestry systems lost estimated endemic species richness by -18% (birds) to -90% (understorey plants). Endemic species richness of one taxon explained between 37% and 57% of others (positive correlations) and taxon-specific richness in widespread species explained up to 76% of variation in richness of endemic species (negative correlations). The key implication of this study is that the range size aspect is fundamental in assessments of conservation value via species inventory data from modified habitats. The study also suggests that even ecologically friendly agricultural matrices may be of much lower value for tropical conservation than indicated by mere biodiversity value. 相似文献
4.
Monica R. Young Heather C. Proctor Jeremy R. deWaard Paul D. N. Hebert 《Molecular ecology》2019,28(24):5347-5359
Mites (Arachnida: Acariformes, Parasitiformes) are the most abundant and species‐rich group of arthropods in soil, but are also diverse in freshwater habitats, on plants, and as symbionts of larger animals. However, assessment of their diversity has been impeded by their small size and often cryptic morphology. As a consequence, published estimates of their species richness span more than two orders of magnitude (0.4–114 million). In this study we employ DNA barcoding and the Barcode Index Number (BIN) system to investigate mite diversity at over 1,800 sites across Canada, primarily from soil and litter habitats with smaller contributions from freshwater, plants, and animal hosts. Barcodes from 73,394 specimens revealed 7,077 BINs with representatives from all four orders (Ixodida, Mesostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, Trombidiformes) and 60% (186) of the known families. The BIN total is 2.4 times the number of species previously recorded from Canada (2,999), reflecting the unexpectedly high richness of several families. Richness projections suggest that more than 28,000 BINs occur at the sampled locations, indicating that the Canadian mite fauna almost certainly includes more than 30,000 species—a total similar to that for the most diverse insect order in Canada, Diptera. This unexpected diversity was partitioned into highly dissimilar, spatially‐structured assemblages that likely reflect dispersal limitation and environmental heterogeneity. Further sampling of a greater diversity of habitats will refine understanding of mite diversity in Canada, but similar analyses in other geographic regions will be essential to ascertain their diversity at a global scale. 相似文献
5.
本文以云南被子植物蔷薇分支为研究对象,基于物种间的演化关系,结合其地理分布,从进化历史的角度探讨了物种、特有种、受威胁物种的种类组成及系统发育组成的分布格局,并整合自然保护地的空间分布,对生物多样性的重点保护区域进行识别。结果显示:云南被子植物蔷薇分支的物种密度与系统发育多样性、特有种密度、受威胁物种密度均呈显著正相关,云南南部和西北部是物种丰富度与系统发育多样性最为丰富的区域;就云南整体而言,蔷薇分支的标准化系统发育多样性较低;云南南部、东南部、西北部是蔷薇分支的重点保护区域。 相似文献
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7.
Dani Boix Jordi Sala Stéphanie Gascón Mònica Martinoy Jaume Gifre Sandra Brucet Anna Badosa Rocío López-Flores Xavier D. Quintana 《Hydrobiologia》2007,584(1):347-359
Coastal wetlands are characterized by a high biodiversity. At the same time, biodiversity is one of the main criteria used
to establish protection policy priorities, or to propose management actions. In this study, crustacean and aquatic insect
species richness in the Empordà wetlands was investigated. These two groups contribute in an important way to the total biodiversity,
and still they are seldom taken into account in the management of natural areas. Representative samples (38 points) of all
aquatic water body types in the Empordà wetlands were taken monthly (dip net with 250 μm mesh). Sampling was carried out between
1996 and 2000, but until present, only qualitative data have been extracted. A rich fauna of 125 crustacean taxa and 295 aquatic
insect taxa were found. Some environments were characterized by low richness and high singularity (isolated artesian freshwater
springs), some by high richness and high singularity (estuarine waters, brackish and meso-eutrophic freshwater wetlands),
and others by low richness and low singularity (hypertrophic freshwater wetlands and hyperhaline wetlands). Factors determining
singularity and richness are discussed. Comparison with crustacean richness of other western Mediterranean wetlands showed
a similar high species richness in our study sites, probably due to high spatial heterogeneity of these areas. 相似文献
8.
Dott. Felice Gioelli 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(3):638-642
Abstract Prioritization of endemic, threatened species and the habitats where they live is a crucial point of conservation actions, particularly in areas with rich endemic floras. In this study, we have developed a new procedure to define the conservation priorities among endemic plants and habitats by evaluating eight criteria. Five criteria deal with the geographic and ecological range of the evaluated species, whereas the other three refer to threats. After the evaluation of each criterion, we combined the partial scores to obtain a priority index (PI). Finally, we characterized the EU habitat categories of conservation concern on the basis of the average PI value of the plants living in each habitat. We tested the method on a list of 260 endemic plants from a biodiversity hotspot (Sardinia) that had an average PI of 3.66 ± 0.16. Even if the habitat categories that are most rich in endemic plants were rocky habitats, and coastal/halophytic habitats, the most endangered habitat was coastal sand dunes (PI = 6.75 ± 1.15). The method herein presented is complementary with the application of IUCN criteria. This integrated approach is a concrete solution that adapts IUCN criteria and categories to local contexts. 相似文献
9.
Phillip C. Watts David O’Leary Mary C. Cross Jamie Coughlan Eileen Dillane Suzanne M. Kay Suzanne Wylde René Stet Richard D. M. Nash Emma M. C. Hatfield Thomas F. Cross 《Hydrobiologia》2008,606(1):27-33
Porifera is a primarily marine phylum comprising more than 15,000 species. The successful and wide adaptive radiation of freshwater
sponges (Haplosclerida: Spongillina) has resulted in the colonization of an extremely wide variety of habitats at all latitudes.
Colonization is dated back to the Mesozoic, and the mono- or poly-phyletism of Spongillina, and the number of potential sponge
invasions into freshwater is still under debate. Living freshwater sponges belong to 45 genera in six families for a total
of 219 species. The highest diversity, at the scale of zoogeographic regions, is recorded from the Neotropical (65 species),
Palaearctic (59 species), and Afrotropical regions (49 species). Endemic freshwater sponge species are 103 (47%) out of 219.
All species belonging to the families Lubomirskiidae, Metschnikowiidae, and Malawispongiidae are endemic. Endemic species
among the other families are 72% for Potamolepidae, 38% for Spongillidae, and 32% for Metaniidae. Data on some wide geographic
areas are scattered and fragmentary if not almost completely lacking. Species richness is probably underestimated and doubtless
destined to increase with further research.
Guest editors: E. V. Balian, C. Lévêque, H. Segers & K. Martens
Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment 相似文献
10.
Lotanna M. Nneji Josué A. R. Azevedo Oyetola O. Oyebanji Liang Ma Paul R. Elsen Segun O. Oladipo Gabriel Salako Robert Puschendorf Robert M. Pringle 《Diversity & distributions》2023,29(8):1035-1051