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1.
大麦DNA导入小麦产生抗白粉病变异的遗传研究   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11  
本研究将抗白粉病的大麦DNA通过花粉管途径直接导入感病的小麦品种花76中,后代出现13株抗白粉病变异株。其中5株在以后的世代中抗性稳定,另8株则继续分离。第2带分离株系的抗病株形成的第3代株系(或株行)中,抗性有分离的株行与无分离的株行比例为1.9:1,而分离株行内抗病株与不抗病株之比为3.35:1。抗性稳定株系与感病亲本杂交,F1表现高抗病,再与感病亲本回交,后代抗感病株比例为1:1,自交F2的比例为2.8:1。说明所获得的抗白粉病性受一对完全显性基因控制,抗病为显性。与已知抗白粉病基因的比较表明,这个抗病基因可能是来自大麦的一个新基因。13 Variant plants with immunity and high-resistance to powdery mildew were found in D1 generation from introducing resistant barley DNA into susceptible wheat cultivar, through pollen tube pathway after self pollination.Of the variants, 5 plants for the resistance had been stable and the other 8 plants segregated insuccessive generation.The ratio of segregating and stable plant-rows was 1.9:1 in D3 plant-rows derived from resistant plants of segregating D2-lines,and the ratio of resistant plants and susceptible plants was 3.35:1 among the segregating D3 plant-rows.The F1 -plants from crosses between stable resistant variants and susceptible parents were higgh resistant to powdery mildew.The ratio of resistant and susceptible plants was 1:1 in progenies of backcross of the F1 and susceptible parents, and this ratio was 2.8:1 in the F2 generation from the F1 selfing. Thus it can be seen that the resistance obtained is camtrolled by a pair of genes, the resistance is dominant. The results in comparison with known powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat indicated that the resistant gene obtained would be a new one from barley.  相似文献   

2.
RNA介导的病毒抗性在转基因烟草中的遗传分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
以含非翻译马铃薯Y病毒外壳蛋白(PVY—MCP)基因的抗病和感病T0代转基因烟草为材料,对转基因及RNA介导的病毒抗性在T1~T4代转基因植株中的遗传进行了研究。结果表明,在含低拷贝(1~2个)转基因的感病植株后代中,转基因是作为一个单显性遗传位点,遵循孟德尔遗传分离规律,各世代转基因植株仍表现感病。含多拷贝(4~6个)转基因的抗病植株,转基因在T1代的分离虽符合多位点插入的15:1和63:1遗传规律,但转基因发生了重排,RNA介导的病毒抗性表现为不稳定遗传。从含多拷贝转基因的抗病植株的T1代株系中,分离获得了两株含2个拷贝转基因的抗病植株;其后代中,转基因及抗性遗传遵循孟德尔遗传分离规律,可稳定遗传和表达,获得纯合的抗病转基因株系。对转基因在不同抗病类型植株中整合方式分析显示,抗病植株中多存在转基因的反向串联重复序列。  相似文献   

3.
本文研究了粳稻感病品种沈农1033分别与7个抗白叶枯病的品种(其中汕稻有75-34,辛尼斯,1R20;粳稻有早生爱国3号,邳早15,蚌珠芒,爪哇14)杂交,F花粉培养并观察了花粉株系第二代(H2)的抗性转移及遗传表现和花粉株系第三代,第四代抗性稳定性,572个株系的性状是整齐一致的,占95.5%,其中抗病(高抗和中抗)株系有376个,占62.9%,感病系有196个,占32.7%,表现有分离的杂合系约4.5%,不同组合的H2与F2群体中抗,感反应变异幅度不同,对同一组合不同熟期花粉株系其生育日数与抗病性间存在着极显著相关性,生育期长的株系抗性较强。花粉再生植株后代H2在生育期,株高,穗长,粒重等性状上十分多样,白叶枯病抗性遗传分析结果表明,在4个组合中抗性均由1个显性上位基因控制,抗病性广义遗传力在80%以上。杂种花粉植株第二,第三,第四代的农艺性状以及白叶枯病的抗性持续地稳定,不因世代的增加其性状的整齐度不降,抗性减弱。  相似文献   

4.
本文通过12个(抗×感)杂交组合F_1、F_2、回交CF1和基因等位性测交组合F_1、F_2群体对东北大豆花叶病毒2号株系抗性的分析,明确了4个引用抗原的抗性水平及应用价值。鲁豆4和跃进4抗原的抗性为两对具有抑制作用的显性基因控制,抗、感分离比例为13:3;徐豆2和辽81-5017抗原的抗性为两对显性互补基因控制,抗、感分离比例为9:7,但在其杂交后代中易出现大量顶枯株。等位性测验表明:吉林21和跃进4、鲁豆4的抗病基因不在同一座位,并且独立遗传。跃进4和鲁豆4抗原有亲缘关系。  相似文献   

5.
甜瓜抗白粉病基因SRAP分子标记筛选   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以感白粉病甜瓜A120和抗白粉病甜瓜A119为亲本构建F2代分离群体,采用BSA和SRAP相结合的方法筛选与甜瓜抗白粉病基因相连锁的分子标记.结果显示,294条SRAP引物中有6条引物在抗病与感病池间表现出多态性;对8个高抗和8个高感单株进行扩增,引物me46em51和me3em6分别在高感单株中扩增出210 bp和205 bp的多态性条带,而高抗单株无此扩增带,与抗病、感病池结果一致.采用JoinMap3.0软件进行连锁分析,两标记与抗白粉病基因的连锁距离分别为18.2 cM和23.4 cM,初步推测本实验中甜瓜白粉病抗性为隐性多基因控制.  相似文献   

6.
1995年10月至1997年11月,在美国阿肯色大学水稻研究推广中心,用水稻品种LA110和Jasmine-85与水稻品种Teqing、Katy、Mars、LaGrue和Newbonnet进行不完全双列杂交,对其杂交后代和亲本用美国3个主要稻瘟病菌小种(以下简称小种)IB-33、IB-45和IE-1进行接种鉴定和遗传分析研究.结果表明:亲本LA110、Jasmine-85、Teqing抗所有3个小种.Katy抗小种IB-45和IE-1,感小种IB-33.Mars抗小种IE-1,感小种IB-33和IB-45.LaGrue感所有3个小种.Newbonnet抗小种IB-45,感小种IB-33和IE-1.所有抗病亲本的抗病基因,其F1分别对相应小种呈现显性抗病性.抗病亲本杂交,LA110与Jasmine-85对小种IB-33,LA110与Teqing、Jasmine-85对小种IE-1,及Jasmine-85与Teqing对小种IE-1,是等位的抗病基因.LA110与Teqing对小种IB-33,及Jasmine-85与Teqing对小种IB-33,分别存在三对独立遗传的显性抗病基因.LA110与Teqing、Katy、Newbonnet、Jasmine-85对小种IB-45,Jasmine-85与Teqing、Katy、Newbonnet对小种IB-45,LA110与Katy、Mars对小种IE-1,Jasmine-85与Katy、Mars对小种IE-1,分别存在两对独立遗传的显性抗性基因.抗病亲本LA110或Jasmine-85与感病亲本Mars对小种IB-33,抗病亲本LA110与感病亲本Mars对小种IB-45,具有两对显性互补抗病基因,当两对显性抗病基因同时存在时,表现出抗性.抗病亲本LA110或Jasmine-85与感病亲本Katy、LaGrue、Newbonnet对小种IB-33,抗病亲本LA110与感病亲本LaGrue对小种IB-45,抗病亲本Jasmine-85与感病亲本Mars、LaGrue对小种IB-45,抗病亲本LA110或Jasmine-85与感病亲本LaGrue、Newbonnet对小种IE-1,分别存在一对显性抗病基因.两个亲本正、反交的遗传表现一致.本文也讨论了LA110、Teqing和Jasmine-85三个抗病品种在美国水稻抗病育种中利用的可能性.  相似文献   

7.
大豆抗灰斑病主基因的发现与遗传研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
利用高抗品种东农9674与感病品种杂交,在田间多个生理小种共存条件下研究大豆灰斑病抗性的遗传规律,发现杂交后代的抗性表现具有明显的质量性状遗传特征,F1代表现完全显性,F2代的抗感分离比例在个别组合接近3:1。采用数量性状的主要基因-多基因混合遗传模型对抗性的遗传进行模型的判别与遗传参数的估计,发现抗性遗传存在明显的主要因效应,分别符合一个主基因 多基因加显性模型及两个基因独立遗传模型。主基因的加性、显性以及主基因之间的相互作用普遍存在,对抗病性的遗传起很大作用。  相似文献   

8.
体细胞突变体HX-3抗水稻白叶枯病基因的鉴定   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
以感病杂交稻恢复系明恢63的成熟胚为外植体,利用离体筛选技术获得了抗水稻白叶枯病细胞突变体HX-3。连续8年以我国长江流域白叶枯病代表菌析浙173(IV型)对HX-3的R1到R9代进行抗性鉴定,HX-3的抗病性可以稳定遗传。抗性遗传分析表明HX-3的抗性由1对显性核基因控制。1999~2000年连续两年利用我国、菲律宾和日本的32个水稻白叶枯病菌株,测定HX-3及IRBB1等13个具不同显性抗病基因的近等基因系抗性,HX-3抗谱广,且与已知显性抗病基因的抗谱不同。在此基础上,以抗白叶枯病近等基因系IRBB4、IRBB7、CBB12和IRBB21和HX-3杂交,进行等位性分析,4个杂交组合的F2代均出现抗、感分离,说明HX-3与这4个基因不等位。综合以上研究结果,HX-3具有1个新的抗白叶枯病基因,暂命名为Xa-25(t)。  相似文献   

9.
小麦品种梭条花叶病抗性基因遗传分析及分子标记筛选   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
选用3个抗梭条花叶病的小麦品种“仪宁小麦”、“徐87633”和“西风”为抗病亲本、以感病品种“镇9523”为感病亲本配制了3个杂交组合,对4个亲本及其杂种后代(F1及F2代)单株的田间抗病鉴定表明,3个抗病亲本的抗性均由核基因控制,为显性遗传方式。“仪宁小麦”和“西风”的抗性受两对表现互补效应的显性基因控制;“徐87633”的抗性受一对显性基因控制。选取涉及小麦21条染色体上的266对SSR引物在“仪宁小麦”和“镇9523”间进行筛选,其中108对引物在两亲本间表现多态。根据“仪宁小麦”ד镇9523”F2代单株的田间抗病鉴定结果,采用BSA的方法,将已初筛的108对引物在抗、感池间进行扩增,发现引物Xgwm261在抗、感池间表现多态,表明该引物与“仪宁小麦”的抗病基因连锁,并将该抗病位点初步定位于2DS上。用该标记对F2代224个单株进行PCR扩增,根据扩增结果,采用Mapmaker3.0软件计算遗传距离,结果显示,该标记与抗病位点间的遗传距离为22.9cM。  相似文献   

10.
齐319携带的南方玉米锈病抗性基因的遗传初析   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
陈翠霞  杨典洱  王振林  金德敏  王洪刚  王斌 《遗传学报》2002,29(10):903-906,T002
我国选育的优良玉米自交系齐319高抗南方玉米锈病。通过用病原菌接种齐319分别与5个不同感病自交系的杂交,回交4个世代的P1,P2,F1,F2,BC1F110个分离群体和抗病感病参数的调查结果表明:F1整齐一致,表现抗病;F2和BC1F1抗感分离,经x^2-检验分别符合3:1和1:1的分离比例。据此,齐319携带的南方玉米锈病抗性基因是由显性单基因所控制。  相似文献   

11.
白粉病和黄矮病是小麦生产上的重要病害,近几年来这两种病害经常在我国一些小麦产区同时发生。为解决该问题,本研究通过杂交、回交方法将抗黄矮病的Bdv2基因(源自于YW642)和抗白粉病的Pm21基因(源自于CB037)聚合在一起,育成了兼抗黄矮病和白粉病的小麦新材料。通过田间抗病性鉴定与分子标记辅助选择相结合,得到聚合了Bdv2基因和Pm21基因的BC1代小麦22株,F2代小麦51株。农艺性状调查显示,这些含Pm21和Bdv2基因的双抗白粉病和黄矮病小麦新材料的农艺性状优于感病植株和原先的亲本,可以在小麦白粉病和黄矮病兼性抗病育种中作为优异种质资源加以利用。  相似文献   

12.
小麦白粉病抗性基因的聚合及其分子标记辅助选择   总被引:43,自引:0,他引:43  
采用了在早代进行抗性鉴定、淘汰感病株、保留抗病株继续种植、较晚世代(F4代)进行抗性鉴定结合分子标记辅助选择的策略,提高了选到聚合抗性植株的效率。利用与Pm2、Pm4α、Pm8、Pm21紧密连锁或共分离的RFLP标记和PCR标记(SCAR标记),对含有这些基因的优良品系间配制的杂交组合的F4代进行了分子标记辅助育种选择,并结合抗性鉴定,筛选到14株Pm4α Pm2I的植株,16株Pm2 Pm4α的植株,6株Pm8 Pm21的植株。应该引起注意的是,Pm2 Pm4α对混合白粉病菌的抗性达到高抗至免疫水平,而Pm2和Pm4α单独存在时抗性较差,表明聚合抗病基因植株的抗性提高了,为培育具有持久性抗性的品系或品种提供了新思路,它在实践和理论研究上都将具有重要意义。  相似文献   

13.
Wheat powdery mildew is a severe foliar disease and causes significant yield losses in epidemic years. Breeding and using resistant cultivars is the most widely employed strategy to curb this disease. To identify and transfer powdery mildew resistance genes in wild emmer wheat accession TA1410 into common wheat, a resistant F3 line derived from the cross of TA1410 × durum wheat line Zhongyin1320 was crossed with common wheat cultivar Yangmai158. The homozygous resistant BC5F2 lines derived from the backcross with Yangmai158 exhibited susceptibility at seedling stage and conferred increasing resistance when the plants were closer to heading stage. In two segregating BC5F3 families investigated at heading stage, the segregation of the resistance fit a 3:1 ratio, suggesting that a single dominant gene controls the resistance. This resistance gene, designated HSM1, was mapped to the 0.6-cM Xmag5825.1–Xgwm344 interval on chromosome 7AL and co-segregated with Xrga-C3 and Xrga-C6. A mapping position comparison with other powdery mildew resistance genes on this chromosome suggested that HSM1 belongs to the Pm1 resistance gene cluster. HSM1 is a useful candidate gene for resistance breeding, particularly in winter-wheat growing areas.  相似文献   

14.
小麦近缘种属来源的抗白粉病基因是培育小麦抗病品种,防治白粉病危害的最重要基因来源。Pm57是位于西尔斯山羊草2S^s#l染色体长臂上的一个外源基因,对小麦白粉病具有苗期和成株期广谱抗性。为了创制Pm57白粉病抗性丧失突变体,利用基于基因突变体的植物抗病基因克隆新兴技术分离Pm57基因,选用0.625%的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)对1万粒小麦-西尔斯山羊草Pm57易位系89(5)69种子进行了诱变处理,M1大田密播种植,收获了1598个M2可育株系。初步对其中300个M2株系进行苗期白粉病抗性接种鉴定,并利用2个Pm57基因特异分子标记X2L4g9P4/HaeⅢ和X284274及小麦全国区试品系DUS测试所用的42对SSR核心引物对Pm57抗性丧失突变体进行鉴定,筛选出来自27个M2株系的真实抗性丧失突变体70个,Pm57基因抗性丧失突变体频率达到9.0%。本研究所获得的白粉病抗性丧失突变体为Pm57基因的后续克隆与抗白粉病分子机理研究提供了重要的材料基础。  相似文献   

15.
Nisar M  Ghafoor A 《Genetika》2011,47(3):345-348
The aim of this study was to investigate the inheritance of powdery mildew disease and to tag it with a DNA marker to utilize for the marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding program. The powdery mildew resistant genotype Fallon(er) and susceptible genotype 11760-3ER were selected from 177 genotypes by heavy infestation of germplasm with Erysiphe pisi through artificial inoculation. The F1 plants of the cross Fallon/11760-3 indicated the dominance of the susceptible allele, while F2 plants segregated in 3 : 1 ratio (susceptible : resistant) that fit for goodness of fitness by chi2 (P > 0.07), indicating monogenic recessive inheritance for powdery mildew resistance in Pisum sativum. A novel RAPD marker OPB18 (5'-CCACAGCAGT-3') was linked to the er-1 gene with 83% probability with a LOD score of 4.13, and was located at a distance of 11.2 cM from the er-1 gene.  相似文献   

16.
J H J?rgensen 《Génome》1996,39(3):492-498
Three recessive mutagen-induced alleles that partially suppress the phenotypic expression of the semidominant powdery mildew resistance gene Mla12 have been studied. When each suppressor is present in homozygous condition, the infection type 0, conferred by gene Mla12 when homozygous, is changed to intermediate infection types. The three suppressor lines were crossed with seven near-isogenic lines with different powdery mildew resistance genes and one, M100, was crossed with nine additional lines. Seedlings of parents and from the F1and F2 generations were tested with powdery mildew isolates that possessed the appropriate avirulence and virulence genes. The segregation of phenotypes in the F2 generation disclosed that the three suppressors affected the phenotypic expression of three resistance genes, whereas that of four resistance genes remained unaffected. The suppressor in mutant M100 affected the phenotypic expression of 9 of the 10 additional resistance genes present. It is suggested that the three suppressors are mutationally modified genes involved in host defence processes. This implies that different resistance genes employ different, but overlapping, spectra of defence processes, or signal transduction pathways. Key words : barley, Hordeum vulgare, powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis hordei, mutation, resistance, suppressor.  相似文献   

17.
Powdery mildew significantly affects grain yield and end-use quality of winter wheat in the southern Great Plains. Employing resistance resources in locally adapted cultivars is the most effective means to control powdery mildew. Two types of powdery mildew resistance exist in wheat cultivars, i.e., qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative resistance is controlled by major genes, is race-specific, is not durable, and is effective in seedlings and in adult plants. Quantitative resistance is controlled by minor genes, is non-race-specific, is durable, and is predominantly effective in adult plants. In this study, we found that the segregation of powdery mildew resistance in a population of recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between the susceptible cultivar Jagger and the resistant cultivar 2174 was controlled by a major QTL on the short arm of chromosome 1A and modified by four minor QTLs on chromosomes 1B, 3B, 4A, and 6D. The major QTL was mapped to the genomic region where the Pm3 gene resides. Using specific PCR markers for seven Pm3 alleles, 2174 was found to carry the Pm3a allele. Pm3a explained 61% of the total phenotypic variation in disease reaction observed among seedlings inoculated in the greenhouse and adult plants grown in the field and subjected to natural disease pressure. The resistant Pm3a allele was present among 4 of 31 cultivars currently being produced in the southern Great Plains. The genetic effects of several minor loci varied with different developmental stages and environments. Molecular markers associated with these genetic loci would facilitate incorporating genetic resistance to powdery mildew into improved winter wheat cultivars.  相似文献   

18.
Despite the large impact of powdery mildew in wheat cultivated areas, little has been done to study powdery mildew resistance by QTL analysis up to now. The objective of the present paper is to present how the genetic basis of powdery mildew resistance in the resistant wheat line RE714 have been studied by QTL analysis at the adult plant stage over the course of 3 years, and at the vernalized seedling plant stage, and a comparison between the results obtained. Two segregating populations (DH and F2:3) were derived from the cross between the resistant line (RE714), and a susceptible line (Hardi); these were analysed for powdery mildew resistance at the adult plant stage in the field under natural infection conditions in 1996, 1997 and 1998. The DH population was also tested for powdery mildew resistance at the vernalized seedling stage with four different isolates of powdery mildew. At the adult plant stage, a total of three QTLs (on chromosomes 5D, 4A and 6A) and five QTLs (on chromosomes 5D, 6A, 7A and 7B) were found for the DH and F2:3 populations, respectively. The genetic control of resistance was found to be polygenic but involved a major QTL (on chromosome 5D), which was detected each year and which explained a high proportion of the variability observed (28.1%–37.9%). At the vernalized seedling stage, two QTLs were found (on chromosomes 5D and 7B) and the QTL detected on chromosome 5D was common to the four isolates tested. The comparison between the two development stages showed that the QTL on chromosome 5D was detected in all the different environments tested and again explained a high proportion of the variability. Different molecular interpretations of this QTL have also been discussed. Received: 5 October 2000 / Accepted: 1 March 2001  相似文献   

19.
普通冬小麦品系99-2439在郑州连续4年对田间白粉菌(Blumeria graminis sp. tritici)表现高抗,但其抗性基因来源不清。通过染色体C-分带和1RS染色体特异性SCAR标记鉴定, 表明它是一个小麦-黑麦(Triticum aestivum - Secale cereale)1BL/1RS异易位系。通过对中国春×99-2439杂交F2代分离群 体抗性鉴定和1RS染色体臂检测结果分析, 证明该抗病基因不在1RS染色体臂上。用单孢小麦白粉菌分离株对其抗性遗传进行研究, 结果表明, 99-2439的白粉病抗性由一对小种专化、隐性抗病基因控制。由于携带Pm5a的Hope/8Cc对中国的21个小麦白粉菌分离菌株均高度感病, 而99-2439高抗混和白粉菌和5个单孢分离菌株, 所以, 99-2439所携带的抗白粉病基因不同于Pm5a。  相似文献   

20.
Disease resistance (R) gene, RPP13, plays an important role in the resistance of plants to pathogen infections; its function in resistance of wheat to powdery mildew remains unknown. In this study, a RNA-Seq technique was used to monitor expression of genes in susceptible wheat ‘Jing411’ and resistant near-isogenic line ‘BJ-1’ in response to powdery mildew infection. Overall, 413 differential expression genes were observed and identified as involved in disease resistance. RPP13 homologous gene on wheat chromosome 7D was preliminarily identified using the wheat 660K SNP chip. RPP13 was highly expressed in ‘BJ-1’ and encodes 1,027 amino acids, including CC, NB and LRR domain, termed TaRPP13-3. After inoculation with powdery mildew, expression of TaRPP13-3 in resistant wheat changed with time, but average expression was higher when compared to susceptible variety, thus indicating that TaRPP13-3 is involved in resistance to powdery mildew. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to inhibit expression of TaRPP13-3 in resistant parent ‘Brock’. Results indicated that silencing of TaRPP13-3 led to decreased disease resistance in ‘Brock’. Overall results of this study indicate that TaRPP13-3 gene is involved in the defence response of wheat to powdery mildew and plays a positive role in wheat powdery mildew interactions.  相似文献   

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