慢病毒介导的靶向NDV P基因shRNA对NDV复制的抑制作用

小干扰RNA(siRNA)诱导的RNA降解可以特异性地抑制病毒感染,它作为一种有效的抗病毒治疗方法正被广泛研究。为了探讨慢病毒介导的shRNA对NDV复制的抑制效果,从而为新城疫病毒的抗病毒研究奠定基础,本研究以新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)P基因为靶基因,构建了靶向NDV P基因的shRNA重组慢病毒表达载体RNAi-341和RNAi-671。将其与辅助细胞共转染293T细胞,获得包装好的重组慢病毒;在鸡胚成纤维细胞(Chicken embryo fibroblast,CEF)和SPF鸡胚上进行了干扰实验,并通过荧光定量PCR和病毒滴度测定检测shRNA对NDV的抑制效果。结果发现,RNAi-341和RNAi-671均能抑制FLAG-P蛋白在293T细胞中的瞬时表达。在CEF细胞感染后16h后,NDV的病毒滴度分别降低了66.6倍和30.6倍;在鸡胚感染48h后,RNAi-341和RNAi-671组NDV病毒的增殖量分别减少99%和98%。RNAi-341与RNAi-671不仅能抑制P基因的转录,还能显著降低NP、M、F、HN和L基因的转录水平。与RNAi-671相比,RNAi-341的抑制效果更好。研究结果表明,慢病毒介导的靶向P基因的shRNA具有抗病毒作用,能够抑制NDV在CEF和鸡胚中的复制,从而为临床防治NDV提供一个新方法。     

鸡胚电转染-RNA干扰技术在体模型的建立

目的建立在体鸡胚电转染-RNA干扰技术(RNAi)模型。方法通过SOE-PCR方法,利用shRNA中的Loop环作为交叠区序列成功的建立了一种方便的shRNA表达序列构建方法,将Isl-1特异性的shRNA序列插入到pEGFP-H1-shRNA质粒中,通过注射后电转染,利用免疫组织化学方法检测Isl-1在鸡胚神经管和背根神经节(dorsal root ganglia,DRG)中的表达。结果鸡胚神经管和DRG中Isl-1的表达受到明显抑制。结论成功建立了在体鸡胚电转染-RNAi模型,为以鸡胚为模式动物研究神经管和DRG发育相关基因的功能提供了有力的工具。     

表达新城疫病毒F48E8株融合蛋白基因的重组鸡痘病毒及其免疫效力

将新城疫病毒(NDV)F48E8株融合蛋白基因导入鸡痘病毒(FPV)插入载体pFG1175-1的P7-5启动子下游,得到转移载体pFG1175-1重组质粒。采用脂质体转染技术,将该质粒转染FPV282E4株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)。经过多次蓝斑筛选纯化,获稳定的重组病毒rFPV-NDF。间接免疫荧光试验表明,rFPV-NDF感染的CEF中表达了NDV的融合蛋白。用rFPV-NDF免疫的SPF试验鸡能产生对NDV强毒攻击的免疫力,保护率达96.3%。     

化学合成siRNA抑制H5N1亚型禽流感病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞中的增殖

为研究RNA干涉对H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的增殖抑制作用,针对H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的NP和PA基因,设计4对siRNA干涉序列,并将其转染到鸡胚成纤维细胞,6h后接种H5N1亚型禽流感病毒液,在病毒感染后的16～56h内测定细胞上清中的病毒血凝价及观察细胞病变,并在病毒感染36h后检测NP、PA、HA和β-actin基因的mRNA水平。结果显示4对siRNA均能不同程度地抑制H5N1亚型禽流感病毒在鸡胚成纤维细胞中的增殖,但以PA为靶基因设计的一对干涉序列效果最优;实验还证实随着时间的延长,干涉效应逐渐减弱。本实验为研究RNA干涉技术防控禽流感提供了依据。     

鹅源新城疫病毒NP、P和L基因的克隆与P基因的表达鉴定

将鹅源新城疫病毒的NP、P和L基因通过RT PCR方法从尿囊液中扩增后分别克隆进pGEM-Teasy载体 ,再分别亚克隆到真核表达载体pCI neo上 ,通过酶切、PCR和测序验证克隆正确。利用P基因开放性阅读框 (ORF)上靠近终止密码上游的AgeI位点 ,将报告基因绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP)基因克隆进P基因真核表达重组质粒 ,分别转染COS-1细胞和CEF细胞 ,在倒置荧光显微镜下可见到绿色荧光 ,表明GFP基因已得到表达 ,由此证明P相似文献   

孝顺竹愈伤组织增殖培养基优化研究

为筛选适宜孝顺竹愈伤组织继代增殖培养基，控制褐变发生，提高再生体系效率，对培养基组成如5种基本培养基、6种有机添加物、7种糖类和5种大量元素等因子进行试验分析。结果表明：培养20 d，基本培养基以MS效果较好，愈伤组织增殖2.8倍，白至淡黄色，致密；有机添加物以1.0 g·L^-1脯氨酸效果较显著，愈伤组织增殖3.64倍，淡黄色，致密均一；碳源以30 g·L^-1麦芽糖效果较好，愈伤组织增殖2.96倍，白至淡黄色，致密。5种大量元素中NH₄NO₃对孝顺竹愈伤组织增殖的影响达到显著水平，以825 mg·L^-1为较佳浓度，培养29 d愈伤组织增殖可达5倍以上，部分出现根分化；适宜孝顺竹愈伤组织培养的大量元素组合为：KNO₃ 475 mg·L^-1+NH₄NO₃ 825 mg·L^-1+MgSO₄·7H₂O 185 mg·L^-1+KH₂PO₄ 340 mg·L^-1+CaCl₂·7H₂O 440 mg·L^-1。     

利用Cre-loxP自动敲除H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素重组鸡痘病毒中的报告基因

研究去除重组鸡痘病毒中的报告基因,构建一株只含目的基因的重组毒。将H5亚型AIV的HA基因作为靶基因,两侧含loxP序列的GFP表达盒插入鸡痘病毒重组臂基因构建了转移质粒载体,将其与脂质体混合转染CEF细胞,获得了表达H5和GFP的鸡痘病毒重组体。通过二次转染,利用Cre酶自动敲除重组病毒中的GFP基因,最终获得了只含H5血凝素基因表达盒的重组鸡痘病毒。免疫荧光和病毒滴度测定结果表明,经过连续传代后重组病毒仍然稳定复制并表达H5血凝素。用10⁵PFU和2×10⁵PFU rFPV H5免疫SPF鸡,28d后,免疫组鸡抗体平均滴度(HI)分别达到4log 2和4.5log 2,结果表明,H5HA基因重组病毒能刺激鸡群产生较高特异抗体。     

红皮云杉胚性愈伤组织诱导技术研究

以红皮云杉未成熟胚为外植体进行胚性愈伤组织诱导实验,利用L₁₆(4²×2)混合水平正交设计研究基础培养基、光照条件、未成熟胚采集时期对胚性愈伤组织诱导的影响,以此为基础对不同的培养温度梯度进行了筛选。结果表明：改良RJW基本培养基为最适宜的基础培养基,光照条件以暗培养为宜,未成熟胚的最适宜的采集时间7月20日,适宜培养温度为22℃。当未成熟胚在添加1.0 mg·L^-1 BA,5.0 mg·L^-1 NAA,20 g·L^-1蔗糖,450 mg·L^-1 L-谷氨酰胺、750 mg·L^-1水解酪蛋白的改良RJW培养基,22℃下暗培养时,胚性愈伤组织诱导率最高,达到81.3%。     

随机引物PCR扩增鸡胚致死孤儿病毒DNA的研究

在电镜下观察鸭病毒性肝炎病毒鸡胚尿囊液种毒时,另看到一大小为70—80nm,无囊膜,20面体对称的病毒颗粒。为了解该污染病毒,作者挑选了4条随机引物对此未知病毒分别进行反转录PCR和直接PCR扩增,结果共扩增出3条基因片段,经测序(一个反应)后分析与禽腺病毒1型——鸡胚致死孤儿病毒基因组部分序列同源性分别高达99．5％、99．6％和99．5％。从而得知鸭病毒性肝炎病毒鸡胚尿囊液种毒受到了鸡胚致死孤儿病毒的严重污染。     

表达新城疫病毒F48E8株血凝素-神经氨酸酶的重组鸡痘病毒的构建和鉴定

在克隆和鉴定新城疫病毒（NDV）F48E8株血凝素－神经氨酸酶（HN）基因的基础上,应用分子克隆技术将HN基因导入鸡痘病毒插入载体pFG1175－1中启动子P7．5的下游,得到携带NDV-HN基因的质粒pFGHN1175－1。将此质粒pFGHN1175－1以脂质体转染中国鸡痘病毒疫苗株282E4株感染3～4h的鸡胚成纤维细胞,采用蓝斑筛选方法纯化3次,得到稳定的重组鸡痘病毒。用NDV—HN基因特异性探针进行斑点杂交试验以及用HN基因特异性引物作PCR检测,表明NDV—HN基因已插入鸡痘病毒基因组中。以NDV－HN蛋白特异性单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验,证实重组鸡痘病毒在感染细胞中表达了HN糖蛋白,从而成功建立了表达新城疫病毒F48E8株血凝素-神经氨酸酶的重组鸡痘病毒。     

Autophagy Benefits the Replication of Newcastle Disease Virus in Chicken Cells and Tissues

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an important avian pathogen. We previously reported that NDV triggers autophagy in U251 glioma cells, resulting in enhanced virus replication. In this study, we investigated whether NDV triggers autophagy in chicken cells and tissues to enhance virus replication. We demonstrated that NDV infection induced steady-state autophagy in chicken-derived DF-1 cells and in primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells, evident through increased double- or single-membrane vesicles, the accumulation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 dots, and the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. In addition, we measured autophagic flux by monitoring p62/SQSTM1 degradation, LC3-II turnover, and GFP-LC3 lysosomal delivery and proteolysis, to confirm that NDV infection induced the complete autophagic process. Inhibition of autophagy by pharmacological inhibitors and RNA interference reduced virus replication, indicating an important role for autophagy in NDV infection. Furthermore, we conducted in vivo experiments and observed the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II in heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of NDV-infected chickens. Regulation of the induction of autophagy with wortmannin, chloroquine, or starvation treatment affects NDV production and pathogenesis in tissues of both lung and intestine; however, treatment with rapamycin, an autophagy inducer of mammalian cells, showed no detectable changes in chicken cells and tissues. Moreover, administration of the autophagy inhibitor wortmannin increased the survival rate of NDV-infected chickens. Our studies provide strong evidence that NDV infection induces autophagy which benefits NDV replication in chicken cells and tissues.     

表达新城疫病毒F48E8株融合蛋白基因的重组鸡痘病毒及其免？…

将将城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）Ｆ４８Ｅ８株融合蛋白基因导入鸡痘病毒（ＦＰＶ）插入载体ｐＥＧＦ１１７５－１的Ｐ７．５启动子下游,得到转移载体ｐＦＧ１１７５－１重组质粒。采用脂质体转染技术,将该质粒转染ＦＰＶ２８２Ｅ株感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）。,经过多次蓝斑筛选纯化,获稳定的重组病毒ｒＦＰＶ－ＮＤＦ。间接免疫荧光试验表明,ｒＦＰＶ－ＮＤＦ感染的ＣＥＦ中表达了ＮＤＶ的融合蛋白。用ｒＦＰＶ－ＮＤＦ免疫的ＳＦ     

Inhibition of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus by Vector Delivered SiRNA in Cell Culture

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is major threat to poultry industry. It causes severe immunosuppression and mortality in chicken generally at 3 to 6 weeks of age. RNA intereference (RNAi) emerges as a potent gene regulatory tool in last few years. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of RNAi to inhibit the IBD virus (IDBV) replication in-vitro. VP2 gene of virus encodes protein involved in capsid formation, cell entry and induction of protective immune responses against it. Thus, VP2 gene of IBDV is the candidate target for the molecular techniques applied for IBDV detection and inhibition assay. In this study, IBDV was isolated from field cases and confirmed by RT-PCR. The virus was then adapted on chicken embryo fibroblast cells (CEF) in which it showed severe cytopathic effects (CPE). The short hairpin RNA (shRNAs) constructs homologous to the VP2 gene were designed and one, having maximum score and fulfilling maximum Reynolds criteria, was selected for evaluation of effective inhibition. Selected shRNA construct (i.e., VP2-shRNA) was observed to be the most effective for inhibiting VP2 gene expression. Real time PCR analysis was performed to measure the relative expression of VP2 gene in different experimental groups. The VP2 gene was less expressed in virus infected cells co-transfected with VP2-shRNA as compared to mock transfected cells and IBDV+ cells (control) at dose 1.6 µg. The result showed ～95% efficient down regulation of VP2 gene mRNA in VP2-shRNA treated cells. These findings suggested that designed shRNA construct achieved high level of inhibition of VP2 gene expression in-vitro.     

Partial antiviral activities of the Asn631 chicken Mx against newcastle disease virus and vesicular stomatitis virus

Conflicting data existed for the antiviral potential of the chicken Mx protein and the importance of the Asn631 polymorphism in determination of the antiviral activity. In this study we modified the chicken Mx cDNA from the Ser631 to Asn631 genotype and transfected them into COS-I cells, chicken embryonic fibroblast (CEF) or NIH 3T3 cells. The Mx protein was mainly located at the cytoplasm. The transfected cell cultures were challenged with newcastle disease virus (NDV) or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), cytopathic affect (CPE) inhibition assay showed that the times for development of visible and full CPE were significantly postponed by the Asn631 cDNA transfection at 48 h transfection, but not by the Ser631 cDNA transfection. Viral titration assay showed that the virus titers were significantly reduced before 72 h postinfection. CEF cells was incubated by the cell lysates extracted from the COS-I cells transfected with pcDNA-Mx/Asn631, could resist and delayed NDV infection. These data suggested the importance of the Asn631 polymorphism of the chicken Mx in determination of the antiviral activities against NDV and VSV at early stage of viral infection, which were relatively weak and not sufficient to inhibit the viral replication at late stage of viral infection.     

Mammalian Pol III Promoter H1 can Transcribe shRNA Inducing RNAi in Chicken Cells

Double-stranded RNA-mediated interference (RNAi) has recently emerged as a powerful reverse genetic tool to silence gene expression in multiple organisms. RNAi based on DNA vector is not sufficiently established in chicken species. The present study was performed to evaluate RNAi induced by shRNA transcribed from mammalian Pol III promoter H1 in the chicken cells by using a dual fluorescence reporter assay, a plasmid encoding GFP and a plasmid encoding RFP. The evaluation of RNAi efficiency was performed in two kinds of chicken cell type: primary CEF cells and chicken DT-40 cells by lipofection. GFP- and RFP-expressing cells were observed under fluorescent microscopy, and their mRNAs content were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The intensity of the green fluorescence generated by GFP was greatly suppressed by human H1 promoter transcribed GFP-shRNA. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that normalized GFP mRNA expression was reduced to 37 and 32 in primary CEF and DT-40 cells, respectively. In contrast to GFP, the intensity of the red fluorescence generated by RFP protein and the RFP mRNA levels remained unchanged. Consequently, it was concluded that the RNAi induced by shRNA transcribed from mammalian Pol III promoter H1 is applicable to suppress the gene expression specifically and efficiently in chicken cells. Jing Yuan and Xiaobo Wang - These authors contributed equally to this work.     

表达绿色荧光蛋白重组新城疫病毒 LaSota疫苗株的构建

新城疫病毒是理想的新型活病毒疫苗载体,具有巨大的优势和应用前景。采用生产实践中广泛应用、免疫效果良好的NDV LaSota弱毒疫苗株,建立了反向遗传操作系统。在此基础上,进一步构建了表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的重组NDV基因组cDNA克隆,成功救获了重组病毒rLaSota-EGFP,病毒F1代尿囊病毒液按1×104EID50接种9~10日龄SPF鸡胚尿囊腔,接种后分别于24h、48h、72h及96h收获尿囊液,检测平均HA滴度分别为28、210.3、211.3和211,每mL尿囊液病毒量EID50分别为108.64、109.22、109.21和109.64,重组病毒与亲本株生长滴度在相近时间达到峰值,生长动力学特性与亲本株无明显差异。各代次重组病毒按1×106EID50病毒量接种9~10日龄SPF鸡胚,96h内完全不致死鸡胚。救获重组病毒保持了LaSota弱毒疫苗亲本毒株对鸡胚良好的高滴度生长适应和低致病特性,并且鸡胚连续传9代次仍保持GFP的稳定表达及生物学特性不变。重组病毒rLaSota-EGFP的成功救获为开展新城疫病毒活载体疫苗研制提供了可行的技术平台。     

Replication of modified vaccinia virus Ankara in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts requires expression of the interferon resistance gene E3L

Highly attenuated modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) serves as a candidate vaccine to immunize against infectious diseases and cancer. MVA was randomly obtained by serial growth in cultures of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF), resulting in the loss of substantial genomic information including many genes regulating virus-host interactions. The vaccinia virus interferon (IFN) resistance gene E3L is among the few conserved open reading frames encoding viral immune defense proteins. To investigate the relevance of E3L in the MVA life cycle, we generated the deletion mutant MVA-DeltaE3L. Surprisingly, we found that MVA-DeltaE3L had lost the ability to grow in CEF, which is the first finding of a vaccinia virus host range phenotype in this otherwise highly permissive cell culture. Reinsertion of E3L led to the generation of revertant virus MVA-E3rev and rescued productive replication in CEF. Nonproductive infection of CEF with MVA-DeltaE3L allowed viral DNA replication to occur but resulted in an abrupt inhibition of viral protein synthesis at late times. Under these nonpermissive conditions, CEF underwent apoptosis starting as early as 6 h after infection, as shown by DNA fragmentation, Hoechst staining, and caspase activation. Moreover, we detected high levels of active chicken alpha/beta IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) in supernatants of MVA-DeltaE3L-infected CEF, while moderate IFN quantities were found after MVA or MVA-E3rev infection and no IFN activity was present upon infection with wild-type vaccinia viruses. Interestingly, pretreatment of CEF with similar amounts of recombinant chicken IFN-alpha inhibited growth of vaccinia viruses, including MVA. We conclude that efficient propagation of MVA in CEF, the tissue culture system used for production of MVA-based vaccines, essentially requires conserved E3L gene function as an inhibitor of apoptosis and/or IFN induction.     

表达鸡新城疫病毒F、HN基因和传染性喉气管炎病毒gB基因的重组鸡痘病毒的构建及其特性研究

利用同源重组将新城疫病毒(NDV)的F和HN基因、传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)的gB基因以及报告基因LacZ插入鸡痘病毒(FPV)的017株的复制非必需区,其中NDV的F、HN基因、ILTV的gB基因以及报告基因LacZ是在早晚期启动子LP2EP2的控制下,大肠杆菌报告基因LacZ在晚期启动子P11的控制下。经过10轮蓝斑纯化获得了包含了NDV的F和HN基因、ILTV的gB基因以及报告基因LacZ的重组鸡痘病毒,称为rFPV-F/HN/gB/LacZ。经PCR方法证明rFPV-F/HN/gB/LacZ基因组中含有NDV的F基因、HN基因和ILTVgB基因;间接免疫荧光试验和Western-blot试验表明NDV的F、HN蛋白和ILTVgB蛋白在rFPV-F/HN/gB/LacZ感染的CEF细胞中获得表达。与亲本毒相比,重组病毒在病毒的复制和致鸡胚成纤维细胞的病变方面无显著不同。这证明了在鸡痘病毒载体的一个复制非必需区可以同时插入多个禽类病原的多个外源基因,为制备多价基因工程疫苗奠定了基础。