籼型光敏核不育水稻育性可转换性的基因定位和基因互作研究

本研究以来源于农垦58S的灿型光敏核不育系培矮64S（短日条件下育性难转换）和8902S（短日条件下育性蝗转换）及其F1,F2群体为材料,通过短日不同光温和不同生态条件4种处理,利用RFLP分子标记研究了影响光敏偿育水稻在短日条件下的育性可转换性的遗传,基因定位和基因互作,主要结果表明：影响光敏不育水稻的育性可转换性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了7个控制光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性QTL,即S2,S3a,S3b,S5,S8和S10,揭示了基因互作真实存在于光敏核不育水稻中,基因互作形式和互作类型对光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性的影响表现多种多样,不同类型的基因互作所解释的遗传变异处于2．15％－10．07％之间。     

结球白菜温度敏感细胞质雄性不育系CMS7311育性转换的研究

在人工控温和田间自然变温条件下,研究了结球白菜9Brassica campestris L.ssp.penkinsis)胞质雄性不育系CMS7311育性转换的温度特征。结果表明：随温度变化CMS7311有明显的育性转换,人工恒温和人工变温条件下诱导CMS7311发生育性转换（不育→可育）的温度范围为日均温6－12℃,有效诱导的最短时间为3d,显诱导的温度范围为6－9℃。自然变温条件下,有效诱导的温度低限为日均温3.5-6.8℃,但诱导育性转换的最短时间要适当加长。无论恒温还是变温,在日均温9℃下处理9d育性转换达到最大,接近正常可育（0级或1级）。正常情况下,温度处理后到发生育性转换大约需要10－16d,育性转换发生在孢原细胞形成至花粉分化阶段。由于白菜生长的顶端优势作用,在相同诱导条件下,同一植株侧枝较主枝的育性转换时间晚8－10d,且转换程度较弱。     

温度对双低两用核不育水稻96-5-2S与培矮64S育性的影响

在自然变温、人工控温及冷水灌溉条件下,比较研究了温度对双低两用核不育水稻96－5－2S与两用核不育水稻培矮64S育性影响的差异。结果表明：（1）当它们在雄性育性转换温敏感期1－12d平均自然日均温23.0-23.8℃的低温时,96－5－2S表现不良,套袋自交结实率为0,而培矮46S可育,套袋自交结实率为0．1％－4．5％;（2）在它们雄性育性转换温敏感期用22℃恒温处理5d,96－5－2S败育彻底,套袋自交结实率为0,而培矮64S可育,套袋自交结实率为10．7％;用17℃恒温处理6d,96－5－2S与培矮64S均可育,但96－5－2S套袋自交结实率（6．8％）显著高于培矮64S（2．5％）;（3）在它们雄性育性转换温和不同温度的冷水串灌15d,水深维持在20cm左右,当水温为22－22．5℃时,96－5－2S不育,结实率为0,而培矮64S可育,结实率为18．5％;当水温为19．5－21．5℃时,96－5－2S与培矮64S均可育,但96－5－2S结实率（2．5％－45．1％）显著或极显著低于培矮64S（50．4％－56．9％）以上结果说明：导致双低两用核不育水稻96－5－2S雄性不育的起点温度与导致其生理不育的下限温度均低,其不育性比培矮64S更稳定,耐寒性比培矮64S更强,即可确保制种安全,又可确保自身繁殖,对加快两系法杂交水稻的发展步伐将起到重要的促进作用。     

籼型光敏核不育水稻育性可转换性的基因定位和基因互作研究

本研究以来源于农垦58S的籼型光敏核不育系培矮64S(短日条件下育性难转换)和8902S(短日条件下育性易转换)及其F１、F２群体为材料,通过短日不同光温和不同生态条件4种处理,利用RFLP分子标记研究了影响光敏核不育水稻在短日条件下的育性可转换性的遗传、基因定位和基因互作,主要结果表明：影响光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性表现为微效基因的作用,定位了7个控制光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性QTL,即S2、S3a、S3b、S5、S8和S10。揭示了基因互作真实存在于光敏核不育水稻中,基因互作形式和互作类型对光敏核不育水稻的育性可转换性的影响表现多种多样,不同类型的基因互作所解释的遗传变异处于2.15%～10.07%之间。     

光温条件对短光低温不育水稻育性转换的影响

短光低温不育水稻是一类与长光高温不育水稻育性转换特性相反的新种质,通过对分期播种材料自然条件下的育性及人工短光处理后的育性比较分析表明,宜DIS的光敏期为第一苞分化期至第二次枝梗原基和小穗原基分化期（幼穗分化I－III期）,在常温下光敏期的短日处理可使育性趋于不育,但在高温下光敏期短日不育效应被削弱,宜DIS的花粉育性在高,低温作用下育性的均出现下降,根据高,低温影响育性的资料分析得到的敏感期基本一致,即花粉母细胞形成期至花粉内容物充实期（幼穗分化V－Ⅶ期）。     

ADH在光敏感核不育水稻中反应特征的研究

乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性在湖北光敏感核不育水稻(HPGMR)幼穗发育的育性诱导阶段对光周期反应非常敏感。此时,在短日照或远红光处理的条件下,乙醇脱氢酶同工酶AdhII活性高,湖北光敏感核不育水稻原始不育株农垦58雄性可育;在长日照或红光间断长暗期的条件下,AdhII活性陡降,表现雄性不育。因此认为AdhII与湖北光敏感核不育水稻育性转换有关,可能是它参予了育性基因表达的调控作用。     

培矮64S中不育临界温度低的新株系筛选

在自然与控温条件下,研究了培矮６４Ｓ育性对温度反应的个体差异,从中筛选出１个不育临界温度低的新株系,即９６－５－２Ｓ．在此株系育性转换敏感期内,用２２℃恒温处理,结实率为０．０％;而用１８．５℃的冷水串灌处理,结实率为５７．６％     

光（温）敏核雄性不育水稻在广州的育性表现及光温反应特性研究

对１２个光（温）敏核雄性不育水稻在广州的育性测定表明：１２个不育系在夏季都有一个不育期,但不育性稳定程度不尽相同,以Ｗ６１１１ｓ和Ｗ６１５４ｓ育性波动较大．其中９个不育系在早晚季各有一个长短不一的可育期,ＫＳ—９仅见第二可育期,ＫＳ—１４则未见可育期．在晚季,７００１ｓ,Ｎ５０８８ｓ,农垦５８ｓ和８９０２ｓ可育恢复较好,可育期明显,而其余７个不育系仅能部分恢复正常．光温处理表明：７００１ｓ,Ｎ５０８８ｓ,８９０２ｓ,农垦５８ｓ和８９１２ｓ为光敏型,长日条件下不育性受温度影响不大,但短日条件下不育性恢复程度与温度有一定关系．Ｗ６１５４ｓ和Ｗ８０１３ｓ,培矮６４ｓ,ＫＳ—１４和ＫＳ—９为温敏型．Ｗ６１５４ｓ和Ｗ８０１３ｓ转育起始温度在２４—２７℃间,ＫＳ—１４和培矮６４ｓ则在刀一２４℃间．     

8个籼型水稻环境敏感核不育系的育性转换特性研究

在武汉、贵阳（1997年）和三亚（1997－1998年）3个生态点,对8个籼型水稻（Oryza Sativa L.ssp.indica）环境敏感核不育系（2－2S、K1405S、F131S、2136S、Pei-Ai64S、1290S、GD－1S和N17S）进行分期播种试验,每期相隔10－15d,考察自交不育度的动态变化,结果表明,8个不育系在武汉的稳定不育期均长于30d,在遗阳的稳定不育期均短于30d,在三亚的稳定不育期均长于150d。8个不育系的育性表达均表现对温度敏感,但不同的不育系育性转换的敏感时期、敏感敏感期的长短和临界温度是不同的。2－2S和K1405S的敏感时期位于抽穗前的第18天至第9天,敏感期为7－10d,育性转换的临界温度为23.7－24.5℃。F131S的敏感时期位于抽穗前的第17天至第5天,敏感期为13d,育性转换的临界温度为24.3-24.7℃。2136S的敏感时期位于抽穗前的第24天至第11天,敏感期为7－13d,育性转换的临界温度分别为24.3-24.7℃、25.5-26.2℃、25.4-26.1℃和24.1-24.7℃。     

甲基乙二醛—双（脒腙）处理对光敏核不育水稻多胺含量的影响及其与育？…

ＭＧＢＧ（ｍｅｔｈｙｌｇｌｙｏｘａｌ－ｂｉｓ（ｇｕａｎｙｌｈｙｄｒａｚｏｎｅ）处理短日可育,处于光敏感时期的农垦５８Ｓ,可显著降低花粉可育度和自交结实率,但并不影响其正常的生长,ＭＧＢＧ处理长日不育株地效果不明显,以１０＾－４ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１处理短日可育株效果最佳,ＭＧＢＧ主要影响穗子中下部枝梗的结实,对上部结实影响较小。ＭＧＢＧ处理引起腐胺增加而使亚胺精胺和精胺减少,推测亚精有胺和减少是育性下降     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.