一株产红色素细菌的分离鉴定及色素性质研究北大核心CSCD

本研究对分离自重庆垫江稻田土壤的一株产红色色素细菌进行了形态学和16S rRNA序列鉴定,测定红色素最大紫外吸收波长,并对其稳定性进行研究。结果显示,该菌与多株粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)16S rRNA序列一致;产生的色素在541 nm处有最大紫外吸收峰,与灵菌红素最大吸收峰接近,初步推测其为灵菌红素或其衍生物;该红色素在pH 6～11性质稳定;紫外光照射稳定性差,耐氧化能力较强,与还原剂产生沉淀;金属阳离子对该色素有不同程度的消色作用,Cu^(2+)消色作用最明显,遇SO_4^(2-)离子产生沉淀。     

pH值及金属离子对樟树果实红色素吸收光谱的影响

以樟树果实为材料,运用800～400 nm光谱扫描分析了pH值、金属离子、加热时间及温度、光照等稳定性因子对樟树果实红色素吸收光谱的影响。结果表明:最大吸收波长是517 nm,酸性条件对色素吸收光谱无明显影响,当pH为8.6的强碱性环境,红色素结构变化,最大吸收峰漂移至402 nm;100℃内,色素性质稳定,当加热时间延长至120 min,最大吸收峰在512.5 nm;红色素耐光性较好,但避光更利于保存;金属离子对红色素吸收光谱的影响强弱为:Fe3+>Al3+>Mg2+>Ca2+>Na+>K+,Fe3+短时内引起色素变色、发生沉淀,最大吸收峰漂移,浓度越高影响越大,Na+、K+对红色素吸收光谱无明显影响。     

红汁乳菇色素稳定性的研究

本文对红汁乳菇色素的稳定性进行了系统研究 ,结果表明 :红汁乳菇色素紫外光谱最大吸收波长为 2 5 1nm ,且为单一吸收峰 ;在碱性条件下能稳定存在 ,在酸性条件下随酸度增大吸光度减小 ,颜色变浅 ,稳定性较差 ;对自然光比较敏感 ,耐热性差 ;色素对Fe3 + 较为敏感 ,而Na+ 、K+ 、Ca2 + 、Zn2 + 、Al3 + 、Mg2 + 、Cu2 + 对色素无不良影响 ;色素耐氧化、还原能力较好 ;加入淀粉会使色素增色 ,而葡萄糖、蔗糖、柠檬酸对色素影响甚微     

海洋细菌E18菌株的生物学特性及其蓝紫色素稳定性的研究

从海泥中分离获得一株海洋细菌Ｅ18菌株,发现其具有稳定产生蓝紫色素的特性。对该菌的形态特征、培养特征及生理生化特征进行了研究。对该菌的分子鉴定结果表明,该菌为假交替单胞菌属细菌。萃取该菌的色素,并试验光、紫外线、热、pH、氧化剂及还原剂对该色素的影响,结果表明：该色素的最大吸收峰为579nm,紫外光对其稳定性无影响,但自然光对其有一定的消色作用。60℃～80℃温度范围对色素有一定的增色作用,而90℃以上高温可使色素消色。色素在pH3～9区域内稳定。色素对还原剂Na₂SO₃较为稳定, 而高浓度的氧化剂H₂O₂可使色素改变颜色。     

粒毛盘菌黄色素的稳定性研究

【目的】评价粒毛盘菌黄色素的稳定性。【方法】以色素吸光值为指标,研究温度、光照、pH、金属离子、氧化剂、还原剂及食品添加剂对黄色素稳定性的影响。【结果】该黄色素属黄酮类物质,易溶于水,在水溶液中紫外区及可见光区各呈现一个吸收峰,最大吸收波长分别为300 nm和410 nm;热稳定性较好,70°C处理4 h的色素保存率近90%;光照能降低黄色素水溶液的稳定性;随着pH的升高,色素溶液颜色逐渐加深,其A410增大;色素溶液在pH 9.0-10.0下较稳定,pH 10.0的色素溶液放置5 d后色素保存率近90%;Na_2SO_3对色素水溶液有增色作用,色素水溶液抗NaNO_2、H_2O_2能力较强,对抗坏血酸敏感。Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)与色素反应而改变色素颜色,Al~(3+)、Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)对色素水溶液具有一定的褪色作用,Ca~(2+)、K~+、Mg~(2+)对色素溶液无明显影响。蔗糖、葡萄糖和山梨酸钾对色素水溶液无明显影响,氯化钠对色素水溶液具有较弱的褪色作用。【结论】粒毛盘菌黄色素在稳定性上呈现出一定优势,具有开发潜力。     

球孢白僵菌Mars发酵牛奶产生紫红色物质的初步研究

球孢白僵菌Mars菌株发酵牛乳能使牛乳呈紫红色。但在查氏培养基、马铃薯葡萄糖培养基和牛乳固态培养基中没有紫红色物质产生。培养温度和pH对Mars菌株在牛乳培养基中产生的紫红色物质有明显的影响。28℃、pH在6．0～7．0的范围内Mars菌株能够产生大量的紫红色物质;对牛乳发酵液进行离心处理后,用不同萃取剂对沉淀进行萃取,最后用紫外分光光度计进行扫描,结果表明：沉淀萃取液在330nm左右有吸收峰且丙酮为最佳萃取刹;上清液在500nm左右有吸收峰。     

红龙草红色素稳定性的研究

分析了pH值、温度、光、过氰化氢、亚硫酸钠、Vc、葡萄糖、蔗糖和苯甲酸钠等对红龙草（Altemanthera dentate ‘Ruliginosa’）红色素稳定性的影响。结果表明,红龙草红色素对热的耐受性较强,但耐光照和耐氧化性较差,且还原剂亚硫酸钠对其也有微弱的影响;在不同的pH值条件下,其吸收峰没有改变,最大吸收波长为530nm;Vc和蔗糖对该色素没有破坏作用,并有一定的护色效果;葡萄糖和苯甲酸钠对该色素也无明显影响。     

海洋细菌E18菌株的生物学特性及其蓝紫色素稳定性的研究

从海泥中分离获得一株海洋细菌E18菌株,发现其具有稳定产生蓝紫色素的特性。对该菌的形态特征、培养特征及生理生化特征进行了研究。对该菌的分子鉴定结果表明,该菌为假交替单胞菌属细菌。萃取该菌的色素,并试验光、紫外线、热、pH、氧化剂及还原剂对该色素的影响,结果表明:该色素的最大吸收峰为579nm,紫外光对其稳定性无影响,但自然光对其有一定的消色作用。60℃~80℃温度范围对色素有一定的增色作用,而90℃以上高温可使色素消色。色素在pH3~9区域内稳定。色素对还原剂Na2SO3较为稳定,而高浓度的氧化剂H2O2可使色素改变颜色。     

产色素海洋放线菌 H-109理化性质研究

对海洋放线菌 H-109 菌株产生的桃红色色素的理化性质进行了研究.结果表明,丙酮为最佳浸提剂,浸提时间为 1 h;最大吸收波长为 530 nm;对自然光和紫外光有较好的稳定性;温度对不同浓度色素的影响不同,相对低浓度时(A530 值 0.1 )较稳定;相对高浓度(A530 值大于 0.24)时,随着温度升高,有胶状沉淀析出;pH 值对色素稳定性有影响,pH值7~8 时较稳定,pH值小于 3 时,为亮黄色;pH值大于 10 时,有紫红色沉淀析出,该沉淀可以重溶于丙酮.     

酶法合成黑色素的稳定性研究

运用紫外分光光度计对以酪氨酸为底物酶法合成的黑色素进行稳定性分析,结果表明:该黑色素的最大吸收峰为212 nm,不溶于水和酸,易溶于碱,在碱性条件下颜色稳定。热、自然光、紫外光、蔗糖、葡萄糖对色素稳定性无影响;氧化剂H2O2和还原剂Na2SO3对其影响不大;几种金属离子(除Fe2+)对黑色素吸光值及颜色无影响。     

海水盐离子对耐盐粘球菌生长和发育的影响

黄褐粘球菌 (Myxococcusfulvus)HW 1菌株是分离自海水样品的耐盐粘细菌 ,能够在海水 (盐浓度为3.8% )或稀释海水条件下生长。随着生长环境中海水浓度的提高 ,HW 1在生长与分化发育上表现出不同于陆地粘细菌的特性。对海水中主要盐离子的进一步分析表明 ,Na+ 对HW 1生长有抑制作用 ,当Ca2 + 超过海水中浓度时对HW 1生长抑制最为明显 ,而Mg2 + 对HW 1生长几乎没有抑制作用 ,但能促进子实体的形成。海水盐成分中SO42 -,K+ 和不含K+ 的其它盐组合都能导致孢子抗热能力的提高。     

Degree of polarization of light diffracted from resting striated muscle

A laser light diffractometer has been developed to measure directly the total degree of polarization of ({ie145-1}) of light diffracted and randomly scattered from striated muscle fibers. From {ie145-2} the degree of polarization ({ie145-3}) of light diffracted from the periodically arranged contractile filaments is determined. Measurements on single muscle fibers and small fiber bundles indicate that both {ie145-4} and {ie145-5} of the firstorder diffraction decrease monotonically with sarcomere length. For the second-order diffraction, {ie145-6} and {ie145-7} exhibit a peak at sarcomere length of about 3.0 μm. A proposed theory based on the anisotropic light scattering efficiencies of the thick and thin filaments can account for the measurements. The comparison between the theory and measurements indicates that the A-band, as well as the I-band, are optically anisotropic.     

Wave packet motions coupled to electron transfer in reaction centers of Chloroflexus aurantiacus

Transient absorption difference spectroscopy with ~20 femtosecond (fs) resolution was applied to study the time and spectral evolution of low-temperature (90 K) absorbance changes in isolated reaction centers (RCs) of Chloroflexus (C.) aurantiacus. In RCs, the composition of the B-branch chromophores is different with respect to that of purple bacterial RCs by occupying the B(B) binding site of accessory bacteriochlorophyll by bacteriopheophytin molecule (Phi(B)). It was found that the nuclear wave packet motion induced on the potential energy surface of the excited state of the primary electron donor P* by ~20 fs excitation leads to a coherent formation of the states $P;{+}\Phi_{\rm B};{-}$ and $P;{+}B_{\rm A};{-}$ (B(A) is a bacteriochlorophyll monomer in the A-branch of cofactors). The processes were studied by measuring coherent oscillations in kinetics of the absorbance changes at 900 nm and 940 nm (P* stimulated emission), at 750 nm and 785 nm (Phi(B) absorption bands), and at 1,020-1028 nm ($B_{\rm A};{-}$ absorption band). In RCs, the immediate bleaching of the P band at 880 nm and the appearance of the stimulated wave packet emission at 900 nm were accompanied (with a small delay of 10-20 fs) by electron transfer from P* to the B-branch with bleaching of the Phi(B) absorption band at 785 nm due to $\Phi_{\rm B};{-}$ formation. These data are consistent with recent measurements for the mutant HM182L Rb. sphaeroides RCs (Yakovlev et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1757:369-379, 2006). Only at a delay of 120 fs was the electron transfer from P* to the A-branch observed with a development of the $B_{\rm A};{-}$ absorption band at 1028 nm. This development was in phase with the appearance of the P* stimulated emission at 940 nm. The data on the A-branch electron transfer in C. aurantiacus RCs are consistent with those observed in native RCs of Rb. sphaeroides. The mechanism of charge separation in RCs with the modified B-branch pigment composition is discussed in terms of coupling between the nuclear wave packet motion and electron transfer from P* to Phi(B) and B(A) primary acceptors in the B-branch and A-branch, respectively.     

Microspectrophotometric characterization and localization of three visual pigments in the compound eye ofNotonecta glauca L. (Heteroptera)

Summary The absorption maxima ( _max) of the visual pigments in the ommatidia ofNotonecta glauca were found by measuring the difference spectra of single rhabdomeres after alternating illumination with two different adaptation wavelengths. All the peripheral rhabdomeres contain a pigment with an extinction maximum at 560 nm. This pigment is sensitive to red light up to wavelengths > 700 nm. In a given ommatidium in the dorsal region of the eye, the two central rhabdomeres both contain one of two pigments, either a pigment with an absorption maximum in the UV, at 345 nm, or — in neighboring rhabdoms — a pigment with an absorption maximum at 445 nm. In the ventral part of the eye only the pigment absorbing maximally in the UV was found in the central rhabdomeres. The spectral absorption properties of various types of screening-pigment granules were measured.     

Long-term changes in nutrient concentrations of the Changjiang River and principal tributaries

We present long-term nutrient data on the Changjiang River (Yangtze River) at six hydrological stations and eight principal tributaries during the period 1958–1985. Three patterns of temporal changes were observed in nitrate and nitrite : minimal variations in the upper catchment area, rapid increases in the middle watershed towards the end of the 1970s, and a gradual increase in the lower drainage basin. Prior to the 1970s, the level of throughout the Changjiang River system remained fairly constant. In the 1980s, however, this changed, with the lowest values in the upper Changjiang changing rapidly to the highest in the middle reaches and then declining slowly but steadily in the lower courses. Compared to and ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) showed smaller increases or no long-term variations, while dissolved silica (DSi) concentration generally decreased at most stations. These three patterns of and changes in the Changjiang River system were reflective of the difference in chemical fertilizer use and landscape features (e.g., slope, soil type and water body area) of the drainage basins of the primary tributaries. The decreases in DSi were most likely attributed to a reduction in suspended sediment loading due to dam constructions and increasing diatom consumption. The increase in and with a reduction in DSi concentrations in the Changjiang River could have significant effects on the stoichiometric balance of nutrients delivered to the East China Sea and the ecosystem in this dynamic region.     

Phototoxic Action Spectrum on a Retinal Pigment Epithelium Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Exposed to Sunlight Normalized Conditions

Among the identified risk factors of age-related macular degeneration, sunlight is known to induce cumulative damage to the retina. A photosensitive derivative of the visual pigment, N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E), may be involved in this phototoxicity. The high energy visible light between 380 nm and 500 nm (blue light) is incriminated. Our aim was to define the most toxic wavelengths in the blue-green range on an in vitro model of the disease. Primary cultures of porcine retinal pigment epithelium cells were incubated for 6 hours with different A2E concentrations and exposed for 18 hours to 10 nm illumination bands centered from 380 to 520 nm in 10 nm increments. Light irradiances were normalized with respect to the natural sunlight reaching the retina. Six hours after light exposure, cell viability, necrosis and apoptosis were assessed using the Apotox-Glo Triplex™ assay. Retinal pigment epithelium cells incubated with A2E displayed fluorescent bodies within the cytoplasm. Their absorption and emission spectra were similar to those of A2E. Exposure to 10 nm illumination bands induced a loss in cell viability with a dose dependence upon A2E concentrations. Irrespective of A2E concentration, the loss of cell viability was maximal for wavelengths from 415 to 455 nm. Cell viability decrease was correlated to an increase in cell apoptosis indicated by caspase-3/7 activities in the same spectral range. No light-elicited necrosis was measured as compared to control cells maintained in darkness. Our results defined the precise spectrum of light retinal toxicity in physiological irradiance conditions on an in vitro model of age-related macular degeneration. Surprisingly, a narrow bandwidth in blue light generated the greatest phototoxic risk to retinal pigment epithelium cells. This phototoxic spectrum may be advantageously valued in designing selective photoprotection ophthalmic filters, without disrupting essential visual and non-visual functions of the eye.     

Improvement of pistillate flowers yield with GA3 in heavy metals treated plants

GA₃ can be beneficial to improve the flowering yield in Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. and Luffa cylindrica L. (Roem) treated with HgCl₂ and . This paper reviews the literature on the possible involvement of gibberellins in flower development and suggests that plants under the stress of heavy metals can be treated with GA₃ to improve growth parameters, to avoid delay in flowering and likewise quality of fruit can be improved. Applied GA₃ (400 mg/l) caused precocious flowering, increasing the number of flowers in the treated plants. All data was compared with control plants grown under similar conditions. Both heavy metals caused significant delay in flowering, consequently leading to reduction in the number of flowers. However, when GA₃ was applied with HgCl₂ and , there was less decrease in staminate and pistillate flowers, revealing the dominant effect of GA₃. Current work reveals that inhibitory effects of heavy metals on flowering can be partially restored with GA₃ application.     

Phototaxis in monochromatic light and microspectrophotometry of the cerebral eye of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus

The observed wavelength-dependent variations in the phototaxis of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus inform us only partially about the spectral characteristics of the sensory pigment of the eye, since these variations are also linked to the absorption spectrum of the accessory pigment(s).

The absence of phototaxis between 420 nm and 500 nm is due to the lack of sensitivity of the sensory pigments at these wavelengths

The absence of response between 650 nm and 700 nm is due to a drop in the absorbance of the accessory pigments, which consequently no longer play a screening role at these wavelengths

The existence of oriented responses between 350 nm and 420 nm and between 500 nm and 650 nm, is due to the joint intervention of the two types of pigments at these wavelengths

     

The pigment system of the photoreceptor 7 yellow in the fly,a complex photoreceptor

Summary The 7y photoreceptor in the fly (Musca, Calliphora) retina harbours an unusually complex pigment system consisting of a bistable visual pigment (xanthopsin, X and metaxanthopsin, M), a blue-absorbing C₄₀-carotenoid (zeaxanthin and/or lutein) and a uv sensitizing pigment (3-OH retinol).The difference spectrum and photoequilibrium spectrum in single 7y rhabdomeres were determined microspectrophotometrically (Fig. 2).The extinction spectrum of the C₄₀-carotenoid has a pronounced vibrational structure, with peaks at 430, 450 and 480 nm (Fig. 3). The off-axis spectral sensitivity, determined electrophysiologically with 1 nm resolution shows no trace of this fine structure thus excluding the possibility that the C₄₀-carotenoid is a second sensitizing pigment (Fig. 4).The absorption spectra of X and M are derived by fitting nomogram spectra (based on fly R1–6 xanthopsin) to the difference spectrum. max for X is 425 nm, and for M 510 nm (Fig. 5). It is shown that the photoequilibrium spectrum and the difference spectrum can be used to derive the relative photosensitivity spectra of X and M using the analytical method developed by Stavenga (1975). The result (Fig. 6) shows a pronounced uv sensitivity for both, X and M, indicating that the uv sensitizing pigment transfers energy to both X and M. A value of 0.7 for, the relative efficiency of photoconversion for X and M, is obtained by fitting the analytically derived relative photosensitivity spectra to the absorption spectra at wavelengths beyond 420 nm.