江西鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区鸟类种类统计

根据鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区长期的鸟类调查、监测及鸟类环志工作,结合已发表和正式出版的相关资料,对该保护区的鸟类名录进行了重新整理;同时,对一些物种进行了讨论和订正。结果表明,鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区共记录到鸟类330种,隶属于17目63科,占我国鸟类总种数的24.07%,其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类9种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类47种,江西省重点保护鸟类80种。     

陕西秦岭及大巴山地区的鸟类资源调查

近20多年的野外调查发现,陕西秦岭及大巴山地区的鸟类资源丰富,分布有475种鸟类,多为留鸟、夏候鸟和旅鸟。它们中有中国特有鸟类34种,国家Ⅰ级重点保护的鸟类9种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护的鸟类55种,还有28种鸟类被列入中国濒危动物红皮书及11种被列入世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录中。目前因分布在自然保护区内而受到保护的鸟类有390种,占总种数的82.1%。保护区的存在有利于保护秦岭及大巴山地区的鸟类资源。     

江苏省盐城滩涂野生动物资源调查研究

盐城滩涂野生动物资源丰富.据调查和现有资料统计,共有脊椎动物743 种,其中兽类31种,鸟类394 种,爬行类26 种,两栖类8 种,鱼类284 种,区系成分以古北界种占明显优势.有国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物17 种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物79 种,而且是保护丹顶鹤Grus japonensis、麋鹿Elaphurus davidianus等珍稀物种的关键地区.对盐城滩涂野生动物资源的特点进行了分析.     

上海南汇东滩湿地鸟类资源调查

2008年1～12月采用样点法和样线法对上海南汇东滩湿地鸟类资源进行调查.共记录到鸟类158种,隶属于14目40科.其中旅鸟有63种,占所调查鸟类总物种数的39.87%;冬候鸟58种,占36.71%;夏侯鸟19种,占12.03%;留鸟18种,占11.39%,迁徙鸟类占有绝对优势.繁殖鸟有37种,其中东洋界种类25种,占该区繁殖鸟类种数的67.57%,该区域东洋界区系特色明显.记录到国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物12种,上海市重点保护鸟类4种,上海市鸟类新纪录2种.     

江西省鸟类种数的最新统计

依据江西省遂川县鸟类环志和野外考察中发现的鸟类新记录,结合文献,对江西鸟类种数进行了重新统计.结果表明,江西省鸟类有19目60科481种,占我国鸟类总种数的36.11%.其中国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类有12种,Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类有72种,江西省重点保护鸟类有95种.还对一些物种进行了订正.     

内蒙古青山自然保护区鸟类资源及区系

采用样线法和样点法相结合的调查方法,于2011年4月、7月、9月、12月对内蒙古青山自然保护区鸟类组成进行了季节性变化调查,并结合历史文献,确认该区分布有鸟类17目52科178种,占内蒙古鸟类种数的40.2%,占大兴安岭鸟类种数的39.0%,反映了本区鸟类具有很高的物种多样性。所记录鸟类中有国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类31种。在动物地理分布型上划分为10种类型,具有典型的古北界特征。本区有留鸟43种,夏候鸟75种,冬候鸟13种,旅鸟47种,部分鸟类的居留型发生变化。     

湖北五峰后河国家级自然保护区鸟类多样性

为了解湖北五峰后河国家级自然保护区(以下简称后河保护区)鸟类物种多样性及其区系组成的变化, 我们通过样线、红外相机调查和检索文献资料相结合的方法获得了后河保护区鸟类名录, 并将其与后河保护区1999年科学考察结果进行对比分析。本研究于2017-2019年共在后河保护区内设置了82 km的鸟类调查样线, 共在309个位点上放置了红外相机, 累计99,586个相机日。我们用“后河” “鸟类” “湖北省”等关键词搜索相关出版物, 并查阅中国观鸟记录中心经审核后发布的鸟类信息, 结合样线和红外相机调查结果形成后河保护区鸟类名录。共整理得到后河保护区鸟类255种, 隶属于16目55科。其中, 国家I级重点保护野生鸟类2种, 包括中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)和金雕(Aquila chrysaetos); 国家II级重点保护野生鸟类46种, 包括红腹角雉(Tragopan temminckii)、棉凫(Nettapus coromandelianus)、松雀鹰(Accipiter virgatus)、灰林鸮(Strix aluco)、蓝鹀(Emberiza siemsseni)等。此外, 后河保护区有11种中国特有鸟类, 占我国特有鸟类种数(n = 93)的11.83%。在区系成分上, 后河保护区鸟类以东洋种为主(151种, 占59.22%), 其次为广布种(55种, 占21.57%)。与1999年科学考察结果相比, 鸟类增加了116种, 其中有15种国家重点保护野生鸟类。在区系组成上, 后河保护区内东洋种占比增加, 包括分布区向北扩散的物种成分。此外, 本次调查未记录到20世纪在保护区内有分布的白冠长尾雉(Syrmaticus reevesii)和海南鳽(Gorsachius magnificus)。本研究表明, 后河保护区鸟类物种多样性高、特有种及珍稀濒危物种丰富, 具有极高的保护价值和意义。通过对比分析后河保护区内野生鸟类动态变化, 可为保护区生物多样性监测方案设计和保护对策的制定提供科学依据。     

利用红外相机技术监测道路对野生动物丰富度的影响——以观音山国家级自然保护区道路为例

2014年7月至2018年10月,利用20台红外相机监测陕西观音山国家级自然保护区一条内部道路对兽类和鸟类活动的影响.监测期间获得照片16168张,共鉴定到13种兽类和14种鸟类,包括4种国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物和7种国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物.结果 显示,距道路的距离越远,出现的物种种类越多.有2种兽类只活动于距离道路...     

云南开远市鸟类多样性

2004年1月至2008年8月采用样线法和样点法对云南省开远市鸟类资源进行了调查.结果表明,开远市分布鸟类共计16目52科183种,其中留鸟95种,夏候鸟18种,冬候鸟56种,旅鸟11种,迷鸟3种.区系组成方面,东洋种84种(74.3%),古北种仅8种(7.1%),广布种21种(18.6%).国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类2种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类17种.4种生境按多样性排序:稀树灌丛河谷>针阔混交林>湖泊湿地>农耕地.稀树灌丛河谷群落鸟类分布均匀度最高,且与农耕地具有较高的相似性.     

广东象头山国家级自然保护区两栖动物多样性及保护研究

2007年3月～2009年7月, 对广东象头山国家级自然保护区两栖动物现状进行了专项研究.结果表明,该保护区现已记录两栖动物有1目6科21种,占广东省两栖类物种数的34.4%,区系组成以东洋界华中区和华南区共有种为主,占57.1%.保护区有国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物虎纹蛙Hoplobatrachus rugulosa,以及广东省重点保护野生动物沼水蛙Hylarana guentheri和棘胸蛙Paa spinosa.根据保护区两栖类的受胁因素,提出了相应的保护建议.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.