红豆杉细胞悬浮培养结构化数学模型的探讨

用１０Ｌ机械搅拌式生物反应器悬浮培养红豆杉细胞,得到细胞生长、基质消耗和紫杉醇合成动力学曲线。经过代谢动力学分析建立了结构化数学模型。并将模型值与实验值进行比较,结果表明模型预测值与实验值较吻合。     

DDPH对猪肺动脉平滑肌细胞PDGF·BB和bFGF表达的影响：免疫细胞化学研究

ＤＤＰＨ［１－（２．６－二甲基苯乙氧基）－２－（３．４二甲氧基苯乙胺基）丙烷盐酸盐］是南京药科大学合成的降压新化合物,也具有降低肺动脉高压和抑制肺动脉平滑肌细胞增殖作用。本实验用细胞培养、免疫细胞化学、图像分析、３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ、细胞周期测定等方法,进一步探讨ＤＤＰＨ对缺氧性肺动脉平滑肌细胞（ＰＡＳＭＣＳ）增殖的抑制机制。结果：缺氧促进肺动脉内皮细胞（ＰＡＥＣｓ）的ＰＤＧＦ·ＢＢ和ｂＦＧＦ两种生长因子的表达（积分光密度ＯＤ值）增高。缺氧内皮细胞条件培养液（ＨＥＣＣＭ）能促进ＰＡＳＭＣＳ的ＰＤＧＦ·ＢＢ的ＯＤ值增高,ｂＦＧＦ的ＯＤ值无明显改变。加药组（ＨＥＣ－ＣＭ＋ＤＤＰＨ）的ＰＤＧＦ·ＢＢ和ｂＦＧＦ的ＯＤ值均显著降低,尤以ＰＤＧＦ·ＢＢ的ＯＤ值减少最多．提示：ＤＤＰＨ能抑制ＨＥＣＣＭ引起ＰＡＳＭＣＳ的ＰＤＧＦ·ＢＢ和ｂＦＧＦ表达增多和细胞增殖。结果与大鼠实验观察相符。     

Kinetic model for nuclease P1fermentation by Penicillium citrinum

研究了桔青霉发酵生产核酸酶P1的发酵动力学特性:以Logistic方程和Luedeking-Piret方程为基础,进行最优参数估计和非线性拟合,得到了描述整个发酵过程中的菌体生长、产物合成和基质消耗的动力学模型.对实验数据与模型预测值进行比较,发现模型预测值与实验数据能较好地拟合,基本上反映了桔青霉发酵过程的动力学特征,为以后进一步研究和预测核酸酶P1发酵过程奠定了理论基础.     

桔青霉摇瓶发酵生产核酸酶P1的动力学研究

研究了桔青霉发酵生产核酸酶P1的发酵动力学特性：以Logistic方程和Luedeking—Piret方程为基础,进行最优参数估计和非线性拟合,得到了描述整个发酵过程中的茵体生长、产物合成和基质消耗的动力学模型。对实验数据与模型预测值进行比较,发现模型预测值与实验数据能较好地拟合,基本上反映了桔青霉发酵过程的动力学特征,为以后进一步研究和预测核酸酶P1发酵过程奠定了理论基础。     

灵芝胞外多糖分批发酵非结构动力学模型

在２Ｌ搅拌发酵罐上提出了描述了灵芝胞外多糖分批发酵过程中菌球生长、底物消耗和胞外多糖形成的非结构动力学模型。首先研究了灵芝分批发酵特性,结果表明该发酵过程属菌体生长和产物形成相偶联型。然后在总结文献的基础上,运用动力学模型,经过非线性回归,得到了模型中的参数值。通过计算机模拟,证明模型预测值与实际实验值具有良好的拟合性。     

固体发酵生产Monacolin K的动力学模型

对红曲霉菌株Monacus-3合成Monacolin K的发酵动力学进行了研究,建立了该菌株固体发酵合成Monacolin K的菌体生长、产物合成和底物消耗的动力学模型,并对模型参数进行了非线形回归。结果表明预测值与实验值有良好的拟和性,说明所建数学模型能较好地描述实际合成Monacolin K的固体发酵过程。     

产弹性蛋白酶细菌的发酵动力学研究

基于14L的发酵罐分批发酵实验数据,建立了发酵过程菌体生长、产物生成及基质消耗随时间变化的数学模型。Logistic方程、Luedeking—Piret方程能够很好地分别描述产弹性蛋白酶菌体生长;发酵产酶过程和基质消耗过程。并将3个动力学模型的预测值和实验值进行了比较,所建立的分批发酵动力学模型能较好地反映弹性蛋白酶分批发酵过程。     

基于遗传算法的麦角固醇分批发酵动力学参数估算

把遗传算法应用于求解麦角固醇分批发酵动力学模型参数,能进一步提高麦角固醇分批发酵过程状态变量的计算值与实验值的吻合程序,在计算机上对动力学模型进行了拟合,模拟值与实验值对比显示,该动力学模型能很好地反映麦角固醇分批发酵过程。     

聚皂凝胶对蛋白分子的吸附与释放

以牛血清白蛋白为对象,研究了丙烯酸－丙烯酰胺型９ＰＢｕＡＭＡ）和疏水改性的四乙烯五胺－环（ＨＰＴＥ）聚合物凝胶对蛋白质的及附与释放过程。在吸附过程中,当溶液ＰＨ值在牛血清白蛋白电点（４．７）附近时,凝胶蛋白抽的吸附值最大;而在释放过程中,ＰＨ＝７的释放率远大于其它ＰＨ值时的释放率。实验表明凝胶结构对蛋白质吸附与释放有较大影响。未疏水改性的凝胶与疏水改性的凝胶相比,前 的释放速率约为后者的２倍。结果     

真养产碱菌利用甜菜糖蜜发酵产聚β—羟基丁酸的研究

探讨了以廉价原料甜菜糖蜜培养真养产碱菌Ｈ１６生产聚β－羟基丁酸（ＰＨＢ）的可行性。对培养基优化试验表明,菌体产量可达２０ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ产量达９．８ｇ／Ｌ,糖转化率为２７．５％。用２升自控发酵罐进行验证,在良好的供氧条件和特定的ｐＨ值自控条件下发酵周期从４８小时缩短到４０－４２小时,菌体和ＰＨＢ量都有提高。菌体最高产量２６ｇ／Ｌ,ＰＨＢ最高产量１３ｇ／Ｌ,糖转化率为２０．４％。ＰＨＢ占细胞的含量,摇     

Modelling the growth of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica in the lower reach of the Kao-Ping River, southern Taiwan: an information theory approach

Information theory was applied to select the best model fitting total length ( L _T)-at-age data and calculate the averaged model for Japanese eel Anguilla japonica compiled from published literature and the differences in growth between sexes were examined. Five candidate growth models were the von Bertalanffy, generalized von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, logistic and power models. The von Bertalanffy growth model with sex-specific coefficients was best supported by the data and nearly overlapped the averaged growth model based on Akaike weights, indicating a similar fit to the data. The Gompertz, generalized von Bertalanffy and power growth models were also substantially supported by the data. The L _T at age of A. japonica were larger in females than in males according to the averaged growth mode, suggesting a sexual dimorphism in growth. Model inferences based on information theory, which deal with uncertainty in model selection and robust parameter estimates, are recommended for modelling the growth of A. japonica .     

Probability density functions useful for parametrization of heterogeneity in growth and allometry data

This paper addresses the problem of modelling heterogeneous individual characteristics in a population. A flexible unified approach for stochastic parametrization dynamics of the distribution in population data is proposed. To approximate data with multiple observations per individual, models based on Markov processes are constructed. The method can be applied to scalar or multivariate characteristics, and its application to growth and allometry data is considered. Different stochastic versions of known growth and allometry functions are developed, which enable wide applicability. Simple informative growth indices are calculated as the moments of distribution. The three-parameter Gompertz growth model for size-at-age data was reparametrized to a size-increment data model with two parameters. An erratum to this article is available at .     

黄土丘陵半干旱区柠条林株高生长过程新模型

黄土丘陵半干旱区柠条林的株高生长不随时间单调增加,在生长末期因生长动力小于生长阻力,株高随时间小幅度减小。采用宁夏固原上黄生态站柠条林的生长观测资料,以经典Logistic方程为基础,添加了生长阻力因素,建立了柠条林生长的改进模型,使得生长速率在生长末期出现负值;并以高密度柠条成林多年生长观测数据为依据,建立了连年生长模型。用数学建模和统计检验的方法对数据进行处理,其结果表明,改进模型较Logistic方程具有更高的拟合度和相关系数。建立的模型与传统生长方程不同,由于微分方程中引入了阻力因子,故生长曲线中存在极值坐标且不具有严格单调性。将多年的株高生长曲线综合到一个坐标系内后,新模型中位置参数a与内禀生长率b的比值随着生长呈现逐渐增大的趋势。改进模型的生长顶点出现在8月,与柠条林株高的实际生长过程吻合;计算了新模型的生长顶点与生长期结束时的株高的差值,并将该值记为生长损失。由于柠条林的灌丛较为矮小,在越冬时干梢现象对株高的影响不可忽略,该过程导致生长方程中第二年初始点小于第一年最末点;在考虑了该现象后所建立的连年生长模型中,2002年和2003年干稍现象的终止点位于2月,与植物生长的节律吻合。本研究为描述半干旱区灌木林生长过程提供了依据。     

Ontogenetic morphometrics of individual freshwater pearl mussels (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Margaritifera margaritifera</Emphasis> (L.)) reconstructed from geometric conchology and trigonometric sclerochronology

This study bridges two conchological approaches to model the growth characteristics of freshwater pearl mussel shell: size-at-age and sclerochronology. We demonstrate a simple numerical model that transfers sclerochronological data into realistic estimates of ontogenetic shell sizing. This model was constructed for a subset of shell growth data dealing with morphometrics and annual shell growth increments. Further, validation of the model was performed using a dataset that was withheld from the calibration. Both subsets of data showed significant correlations between the observed (measured by vernier callipers) and reconstructed size-at-age data, indicating a successful model. The practical applicability of the model was exemplified for the studied Finnish freshwater pearl mussel populations. In accordance with the previously set theory about the plasticity of life history traits of the species, the southern mussels showed higher growth rates than the northern mussels. Handling editor: K. Martens     

Kinetics of pleuridial growth in Antithamnion plumula (Rhodophyceae)

The filamentous and branched thallus of Antithamnion plumula is constitued of two different kinds of branches with apical growth: the cladomial axes with a continuous or indefinite growth, and the pleuridia with a limited growth. The size of the pleuridia depends on their position with respect to the lateral cladomial axes.The growth kinetics of 35 pleuridia were analysed using Nelder's generalized logistics. Each sigmoidal curve, which was divided into four growth stages from the instantaneous acceleration variations, was thus characterized by ten kinetic parameters: lengths at the time of the changes in growth stage, durations of the growth stages and maximum growth rate.The data showed that all curves displayed a marked left dissymmetry which reflected the brevity of the accelerated growth stage (1/5 of total growth duration). The maximum acceleration stage occurs between the individualization of the pleuridial initial cell and the first mitosis. Previously known experimental data were related to this quantitative result so as to put forward a biological meaning. New research pathways were suggested.The kinetic parameters investigated were used for a classification of pleuridia. The smallest ones displayed the slowest growth: they needed twice more time to reach their maximum size than the largest pleuridia whose growth was the fastest. This association of traits was related to the occurrence of acropetal fluxes along the main axis of the thallus.     

Substrate inhibition under stationary growth conditions – nutristat experiments with Ralstonia eutropha JMP 134 during growth on phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate

Ralstonia eutropha (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) JMP 134 was continuously grown on phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate at elevated levels of stationary substrate concentration by using the nutristat principle in order to study the physiological impact exerted by these toxic substrates. Growth at stationary concentrations of both the substrates resulted in the reduction of growth efficiency and growth rate. The growth yield data revealed a pronounced dependence on the substrate concentration, and the growth yield increasingly diminished with rising substrate concentration. Inhibition was more pronounced with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, which reduced the growth yield coefficient by 50% at a substrate concentration of 0.1–0.25 mM. The same effect was obtained with phenol at about 5 mM. The growth rate profile had two distinct phases: after an initially strong reduction, the rate levelled-off at higher substrate concentrations. Standardizing the inhibition profiles, by taking into account the maximum effect after extrapolating the data to zero growth yield, revealed an almost identical pattern with both substrates, indicating some common mechanism. The growth yield data show that an increased amount of energy is required for both growth and maintenance. Homeostatic work was increased by a factor of 8 at 75% inhibition; growth collapsed once this amount of energy was no longer available. The effects are discussed with respect to the properties of these substrates functioning as potential uncouplers of energy conservation. Received: 5 June 1997 / Received revision: 7 July 1997 / Accepted: 12 July 1997     

Kinetic studies on autohydrogenotrophic growth of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ralstonia eutropha</Emphasis> with nitrate as terminal electron acceptor

Autohydrogenotrophic batch growth of Ralstonia eutropha H16 was studied in a stirred-tank reactor with nitrate and nitrite as terminal electron acceptors and the sole limiting substrates. Assuming product inhibition by nitrite, saturation kinetics with the two limiting substrates and a simple switching function, which allows growth on nitrite only at low nitrate concentrations, resulted in a kinetic growth model with nine model parameters. The data of two batch experiments were used to identify the kinetic model. The kinetic model was validated with two additional batch experiments. The model predictions are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The maximum nitrite concentration was estimated to be 30.7 mM (total inhibition of growth). After complete reduction of nitrate, the growth rate decreases almost to zero before it increases again because of the following nitrite respiration. The maximum autohydrogenotrophic growth rate of Ralstonia eutropha with nitrate as a final electron acceptor (0.509 d⁻¹) was found to be reduced by 90–95% compared to the so far reported autohydrogenotrophic growth rates with oxygen.     

基于GreenLab原理构建油松成年树的结构-功能模型

 林木的结构-功能模型(functional-structural tree modeling, FSTMs)是基于器官级组件构建的将植物结构和功能结合起来的一类模型, 在应用于成年树时需要解决拓扑结构复杂性和年轮分配模式普适性的问题。该文以18年生和41年生的油松 (Pinus tabulaeformis)成年树为研究对象, 将GreenLab模型应用到成年树的模拟中。采用破坏性取样, 实测了2株油松成年树的形态结构, 利用子结构模型解决成年树拓扑结构复杂性的问题, 引入年轮影响系数λ, 将全局分配模式和Pressler模式结合起 来, 解决年轮分配模式在不同年龄和环境条件下不同的问题。模型的直接参数通过实测数据获得, 隐含参数利用非线性最小二乘法拟合反求获得。通过实测数据与模拟数据的对比、模拟数据与经验模型模拟数据的对比, 对模型的模拟效果进行了评估, 发现节间总重、针叶总重、树高、树干节间重观测值和模型模拟值建立的回归方程的决定系数为0.84–0.98, 结构-功能模型与经验模型对总生物量模拟的决定系数为0.95, 表明该模型能较真实地反映油松的结构和生长过程。     

A novel approach for estimating growth phases and parameters of bacterial population in batch culture

Traditionally, microbiologists divided bacterial growth in batch cultures into lag, exponential, station-ary and death phases[1], following the Logistic equa-tion that has been applied to the growth of human populations. The growth curves can always be ch…