中国槭树科二新记录种

三裂枫Acer calcratum Gagnep．和长裂枫Acer acuminatum Wall．exD．Don两种分布于东南亚和喜马拉雅地区的珍稀树种,最近分别发现在我国云南和西藏有分布,属于我国新记录种。三裂枫属于广义鸡爪槭组sect．Palmata中华槭系ser．Sinensia,主要形态特点为叶片三裂,叶片基部圆形,伞房花序,通常只有一个发育完全的果实,坚果近卵球形。长裂枫属于尖齿槭组sect．Arguta,主要特点为叶片3裂和5裂,侧裂片和中央裂片近等长,裂片先端长渐尖,花序长达12-20cm。     

封面植物简介——庙台槭

庙台槭（Acer miaotaiense Tsoong）属槭树科槭属,是我国植物学家钟补求先生1954年发现并命名的,模式产地在陕西省留坝县庙台子,故命名为庙台槭。该种为落叶乔木,高10～20（25）m;树皮深灰色,纵裂或片状剥落;幼枝红褐色或紫褐色,老枝灰色,深纵裂。叶对生,纸质,常3～5裂;轮廓近阔卵形或卵状三角形,长（4～）7～9cm,宽6～8cm;上面深绿色,无毛;下面淡绿色,     

封面植物简介——金钱槭

金钱槭(Dipteronia sinensis Oliv．)隶属于槭树科金钱槭属,为中国特有的寡种属植物之一。金钱槭为落叶乔木,高可达10m,具裸露的冬芽。奇数羽状复叶对生．通常具7～11枚小叶。花白色,杂性,雄花与两性花同株,形成网锥花序。翅果周围环绕着圆形的翅．嫩时粉红色．成熟时棕黄色,状如占钱。金钱槭分布于陕西、     

槭树科花粉形态及其系统学意义

报道了槭树科(Aceraceae)槭属21组33种和金钱槭属2种植物的花粉形态。本科花粉近球形至长球形,极面观为三裂圆形。从花粉萌发孔类型看,金钱槭属Dipteronia具三孔沟,槭属（Acer)除4组具三孔沟外,其余均为三沟。从花粉外壁纹饰看,金钱槭属2个种和槭属的大多数种为条纹状,罕为细条纹－拟网状和皱波状。通过花粉形态分析,并结合其它方向的证据,我们认为：（1）Sect.Palmata,Sect.Spicata和Sect.Microcarpa可能是槭属中与金钱槭属关系最密切的类群;（2）A.distalum和A.nipponicum代表了近缘的两个单种组;（3）A.pseudoplatanus不同于Sect.Acer的其它4个种而与A.saccharum可能存在更为密切的关系;（4）Sect.Carpinifolia(细条纹－拟网状外壁纹饰）和Sect.Negundo(皱波状外壁纹饰）则可能代表了槭属中最特化的类群;（5）按槭树科花粉三孔沟到三沟的演化规律,Dipteronia较Acer原始。     

封面植物简介——庙台槭

庙台槭(Acer miaotaienseTsoong)属槭树科槭属,是我国植物学家钟补求先生1954年发现并命名的,模式产地在陕西省留坝县庙台子,故命名为庙台槭.该种为落叶乔木,高10~20(25)m;树皮深灰色,纵裂或片状剥落;幼枝红褐色或紫褐色,老枝灰色,深纵裂.叶对生,纸质,常3~5裂;轮廓近阔卵形或卵状三角形,长(4~)7~9cm,宽6~8cm;上面深绿色,无毛;下面淡绿色,被褐色短柔毛,沿脉较密;叶柄长6~7cm.圆锥状聚伞花序长4~5cm,生于枝顶,由1顶花及6~9枚侧花枝和14~25朵花组成;含两性花、雄花和中性花,同株.花黄绿色,直径约1cm;萼片5枚,长4.5~6.5cm,矩圆形或倒卵状长圆形,上、下表面均被短纤毛,下面较多;花瓣5枚,长3.5~4.5mm,倒披针形,较萼片窄短,上、下表面均有短纤毛,下面稍多;雄蕊8枚,花药黄色,近球形,花丝着生在花盘上;花盘近圆形,边缘波状5浅裂;雌蕊2心皮,扁平,柱头2裂,向外反卷.小坚果扁平,近圆形,直径约8毫米,密被淡褐色或黄色绒毛;翅长圆形,宽0.8~0.9cm,连同小坚果长约2~2.5(3)cm,两翅水平开展,呈180°平角,或有的大于180°....     

封面植物简介——金钱槭

金钱槭(Dipteronia sinensis Oliv．)隶属于槭树科金钱槭属,为中国特有的寡种属植物之一。金钱槭为落叶乔木,高可达10m,具裸露的冬芽。奇数羽状复叶对生,通常具7～11枚小叶。花白色,杂性,雄花与两性花同株,形成圆锥花序。翅果周围环绕着圆形的翅。嫩时粉红色,成熟时棕黄色,状如古钱。     

槭树科植物广义形态学性状分支分析

通过45个广义的形态学性状对槭树科(Aceraceae)尤其是槭属(Acer L.)的主要类群做了分支分析,结果显示：1)槭属内由于各类群分布着较多的同塑性状状态,而难以为属下组间关系的解决提供更多有价值的信息;通过对具体的性状状态分布分析显示,对于象槭属这样在形态上分化较大的类群,由于多数分类性状在不同类群间经历了平行和逆转演化,因而在较低分类阶元水平很难选择合适的性状来通过分支分析构建其系统发育;2)鸡爪槭组(section Palmata)作为整个槭属的基部类群,虽然支持率较低,但与其它类群相比在槭属内维持了较多的原始性状;3)金钱槭属(Dipteronia Oliv.)的两个种作为单系得到了100％的靴带支持,且和槭属作为姐妹群也得到了较好的支持。     

封面植物简介——金钱槭

金钱槭(Dipteronia sinensis Oliv．)隶属于槭树科金钱槭属,为中国特有的寡种属植物之一。金钱槭为落叶乔木,高可达10m,具裸露的冬芽。奇数羽状复叶对生,通常具7～11枚小叶。花白色,杂性。雄花与两性花同株,形成圆锥花序。翅果周围环绕着圆形的翅,嫩时粉红色,成熟时棕黄色,状如古钱。金钱槭分布于陕西、甘肃、湖北、河南、四川、贵州等省,被列为中国三级保护植物。     

封面植物简介——金钱槭

金钱槭（Dipteronia sinensis Oliv．）隶属于槭树科金钱槭属,为中国特有的寡种属植物之一。金钱槭为落叶乔木,高可达10m,具裸露的冬芽。奇数羽状复叶对生,通常具7～11枚小叶。花白色,杂性,雄花与两性花同株,形成圆锥花序。翅果周围环绕着圆形的翅,嫩时粉红色,成熟时棕黄色,状如古钱。金钱槭分布于陕西、     

封面植物简介——金钱槭

金钱槭（Dipteronia sinensis Oliv．）隶属于槭树科金钱槭属,为中国特有的寡种属植物之一。金钱槭为落叶乔木,高可达lOITI,具裸露的冬芽。奇数羽状复叶对生,通常具7～ll枚小叶。花白色,杂性,雄花与两性花同株,形成圆锥花序。翅果周围环绕着圆形的翅,嫩时粉红色,成熟时棕黄色,状如古钱。     

A Study on the Genus Acidosasa of Bambusoideae

The genus Acidosasa was published by the present authors in 1979. It only had one species at that time, Acidosasa chinensis C. D. Chu et C. S. Chao. Since then species number of the genus steadily increases. The authors have rather comprehensively studied this genus and its related genera for F1. Reip. Pop. Sin. The present paper deals mainly with morphological characteristics of the genus Acidosasa and the differences from its related genera i. e. Arundinaria, Sasa and Indosasa. The genus Acidosasa is closely related to the genus Arundinaria in the type and origin of inflorescences and the vegetative appearance. But it differs from Arundinaria in the structure of florets. In Acidosasa, each floret is provided with six stamens, while in Arundinaria each floret is of only three stamens. The genus Acidosasa is similar to the genera Indosasa and Sasa in the numbers of stamens, but it is distinguished from lndosasa by its semelauctant (determinate) inflorescence, not iterautant (indeterminate) one, from Sasa by its taller stature and branch complement with three branches. We have carefully examined all the type specimens of Acidosasa and its related genera. A conclusion reached is that there are six species in the genus Acidosasa, most of which are native to S. China, with only one species in Viet Nam. Five specific binomials are reduced and one species is transferred into this genus. Two keys to species, respectively based on the flowering and vegetative characters, are given as follow: Key to species of the genus A cidosasa (1)(based on the flowering state) 1. Lemmas glabrous. 2. Spikelets stout, 3-6mm broad, pedicels 1.5-4cm long; lemmas large, 1.5-2.2cm long, with 15-19 nerves, subcoriaceous, not glaucous, shiny. 3. Lemmas up to 2.2cm long with conspicuously transverse veinlets, tessellate; palea and rhachilla entirely. glabrous, lodicules elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous ... 1. A. chinensis 3. Lemmas 1.5-1.8cm. long, slightly tessellate; palea puberulous at apex of carina, rhachilla puberuous at apex, lodicules obovate, ciliate at apex ............ 2. A. brilletii 2. Spikelets rather slende, 2-4mm broad, pedicels 0.5-1cm long; lemmas small, about 1.3 cm long, with 7-13 nerves, more or less glaucous .......... 3. A. chienouensis 1. Lemmas pubescent. 4. Glumas and lemmas densely pubescent ........................ 4. A. hirtiflora 4. Glumas subglabrous, lemmas sparsely pubescent. 5. Spikelets large, 3-7 cm long, lemmas 1.6-1.7 cm long, pedicels 2-13 mm long ................................................. 5. A. longiligula 5. Spikelets small, 2-3.7 cm long, lemmas about 1.3 cm long, pedicels 1-3 cm long ................................................... 6. A. venusta Key to species of the genus A cidosasa (2) (based on the vegetative state) 1. Ligules of leaf-sheaths strongly elevated, usually 2-8 mm long. 2. Young culms with bristly sheath scars; culm-sheaths without auricles and oral setae, not spotted, sheath-blades erect ................. 4. A. hirtiflora 2. Young culms with glabrous sheath scars; culm-sheaths with small auricles and oral setae, sparsely spotted, sheath-blades reflexed .......... 5. A. longiligula 1. Ligules of leaf-sheaths inconspicuous, less than 2 mm long. 3. Young culms more or less bristly, or sheath-scars bristly: 4. Culm-sheaths without auricles and oral setae, not farinose, without hairs at base. 5. Young culms densely bristly; culm-sheaths attenuate at apex and as wide as sheath-blades, with conspicuously transverse veinlets; leaf-blades large, usually 2.5-3.5 (-6.5) cm broad, conspicuously tessellate ..................................................... 1. A. chinensis 5. Young culms sparsely bristly; culm-sheaths truncate at apex and broader than sheath-blades, without transverse veinlets or inconspicuous; leaf-blades small, 1.5-2.5 cm broad, without visible transverse veinlets .................................................... 6. A. venusta 4. Culm-sheaths with auricles and oral setae, slightly farinose, densely bristle at base; leaf-blades rather narrow, 0.8-1.8 cm broad ............ 3. A. chienouensis 3. Young culms entirely glabrous; leaf-blades rather narrow, 1.2-1.8 cm broad ....................................................................................... 2. A. brilletill     

贵州杜鹃花属（杜鹃花科）一新种——荔波杜鹃

描述了贵州杜鹃花属（杜鹃花科）一新种———荔波杜鹃Rhododendron liboense Z.R.Chen&K.M.Lan。该种以花序顶生,花冠粉红色,宽钟状,子房密被白色腺毛,柱头头状而近似于凉山杜鹃R.huianum Fang,但叶片狭窄,宽1.6-2.8cm,花序轴长1-3cm,花7-9朵,花冠较大,直径约8cm,花萼短小,长仅1-2mm而不同。     

长瓣兜兰

长瓣兜兰绘图：邹贤桂栽培及配文：谭珍华俸宇星长瓣兜兰（ＰａｐｈｉｏｐｅｄｉｌｕｍｄｉａｎｔｈｕｍＴａｎｇｅｔＷａｎｇ）是我国植物学家唐进和汪发瓒１９４０年在《静生生物调查所汇报》上描述的新种,分布于广西和云南东南部,生于海拔１０００—１８００ｍ的树干...     

夏凤兰——云南兰科一新种

对兰科新种夏凤兰Cymbidium aestivum Z．J．Liu et S．C．Chen作了描述与绘图。此新种与冬凤兰Cymbidium dayanum Rchb．f．相近,但花大,萼片长4．2～4．8cm;萼片与花瓣呈淡紫褐色;花苞片披针形,长1～1．5cm;唇瓣中裂片长度约为其全长的3／5,故甚易区别于冬凤兰。     

Osmunda (Osmundaceae) from the Triassic of Antarctica: an example of evolutionary stasis

Compressed specimens of the fern Osmunda are described from the Triassic of the Allan Hills, Antarctica. The specimens consist of a once pinnate, deeply pinnatifid fertile frond as well as several sterile specimens. Six pinnae are present on the partial fertile rachis, with two sterile pinnae above four fertile pinnae. Both sterile and fertile specimens are virtually identical to the modern species Osmunda claytoniana. Entire fronds are fragmentary; the longest is 21 cm in length. Sterile pinnae are alternate and deeply pinnatifid, with slightly toothed pinnules and dichotomous venation. Fertile pinnae are 1-1.3 cm long, once pinnate, and lack vegetative lamina. Sporangia are clustered, each 300-375 um in diameter, and possess a transverse annulus 6-8 cells long; dehiscence is by a vertical slit. Fronds arise from a rhizome 4 cm long by 1 cm wide; two croziers are present on the rhizome. Two frond segments up to 6 cm long and three deeply pinnatifid pinnae are present on the uppermost part of one rachis. Pinnules are ~4 mm long and 2-3 mm wide. The presence of this Osmunda species in the Triassic demonstrates stasis of frond morphology, both fertile and vegetative, for the genus.     

广西野牡丹科一新种,大明山异药花

详细描述了广西产的异药花属一新种——大明山异药花。该种与产于福建、广西等地的异药花近似,但不同在于本种叶基出脉较多,7-9条;多歧聚伞花序长2.5-3cm,宽6-7cm;长雄蕊花药线形,基部伸长,略膨大成囊状,分离,药隔膨大,伸长成短距,短雄蕊花药线形,药隔膨大,伸长成短距。     

我国东北及山东部分地区野生蛹虫草资源采集及观察

蛹虫草是一种重要的食药用真菌,其子座可规模化栽培。然而,栽培中菌种极易退化,成为限制其发展的重要因素,野生种质资源为蛹虫草栽培生产菌株的重要来源。本研究对东北和山东部分地区蛹虫草资源进行了持续调查,对其生态分布和宏观、微观形态等进行了系统研究。从5个地点共采集野生蛹虫草标本414份,寄主绝大多数为鳞翅目昆虫的蛹,少数为鳞翅目昆虫的幼虫和茧。野生蛹虫草子座单生或2-25根,长1-17 cm,棒状、扁平状或不规则畸形,扁平状子座常具纵沟,部分可分支;子座可从寄主头、胸和腹部各部位长出,其中以头部为主。子座地上部分长1-6 cm,颜色呈深橙黄色。可育部位长0.5-4 cm,宽1.2-6 mm,大多数与不育柄部分界明显;地下部分0.5-11 cm,其长度与腐殖质厚度相关。首次明确观察到蛹虫草菌索,菌索连接蛹体和子座,或单从子座、蛹体上长出,但不是所有野生蛹虫草都有菌索。蛹虫草菌索与子座内部的疏丝组织菌丝形态各异,菌索菌丝中间膨大。人工栽培与野外采集的子座宏观形态差异明显,但子囊和子囊孢子形态无明显差异。通过野外采集和调研,获得了大量的野生蛹虫草种质资源,为解决蛹虫草种业问题奠定基础。     

Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships Between Polygonatum odoratum and P. cyrtonema

The present paper is a report on combined cytological and taxonomical studies of Polygonatum odoratum and P. cyrtonema. Based on the extensive field observation and mass collection for some years, the authors made a detailed comparison of the variation pattern of morphology、cytology as well as geographic distribution between forms of P. odoratum and P. cyrtonema. The results show that: Form I: Stem angular, leaves elliptic, peduncles with one, rarely two flowers, perianth 1.7-2.0 cm long, stamens adnate to perianth in the middle part or a little lower. The karyotype formula is 2n=20=12m+8sm (2SAT); Form II: Stem angular, leaves narrow-oblong, peduncles with 2-3 flowers, perianth 2.8-3.2 cm long, the position of stamens on perianth is above the middle part. It has the karyotype 2n=20=8m+1osm(4SAT)+2st; Form III: Stem terete, leaves oblong-lanceolate, peduncles with 3- 10 flowers, perianth 1.5- 2.0cmlong, stamens are adnate to perianth also above the middle part. In this form, two kinds of karyotypes are found: 2n = 22 = 6m+8sm+8st and 2n = 20 = 4m+6sm (2SAT) +10st; Form IV: Stem terete, leaves elliptic, peduncles with 1-4 flowers, perianth 2.3-2.8 cmlong, stamens adnate to perianth above the middle part. The karyotype formulae are 2n = 20 = 4m+14sm (2SAT)+2st and 2n = 20 = 10m+10sm (2SAT); Form V: Stem terete, leaves oblong-lanceolate, peduncles with 3-5 flowers, perianth less than 2.0cm long, stamens adnate to perianth above the middle part. It is of the karyotype 2n=22=4m+8sm(2SAT) +10st. It is pointed out that the P. odoratum collected from the Qinling Range may be a hybrid or an intermediate in the evolutionary process from P. odoratum to P. cyrtonema. The differences between the different forms of P. cyrtonema are obvious and stable, and are probably derived from the chromosomal variation. The different forms of P. cyrtonema may have evolvedfrom P. odoratum along different courses.     

Tremacron hongheense,a New Species of Gesneriaceaefrom Southeastern Yunnan,China

A new species of Gesneriaceae from Honghe County, Southeastern Yunnan, China, Tremacron hongheense WH. Chen & YM. Shui, is described and illustrated. The new species is similar to Tremacron forrestii Craib, but differs by its leaf blade adaxially sparsely long setose (vs. densely white appressed pubescent and sparsely rusty brown villous), corolla tube outside short white glandular (vs. nearly glabrous), corolla lobes red and thickening at apex, especially adaxial lip (vs. yellow and not thickening), stamens 16-18cm long (vs. 04-12cm long), staminode 05-14cm long (vs. 02-04cm long).     

生物炭对间作体系中刨花润楠生长及土壤养分年际变化的影响

为探究生物炭对刨花润楠(Machilus pauhoi)的促生及土壤保肥的长期效应,以刨花润楠-梅叶冬青(Ilex latifolia)间作系统为研究对象,开展田间小区试验,研究0 kg(CK)、1.2 kg(T1)、2.4 kg(T2)、和4.8 kg(T3)4个生物炭用量对2015—2017年间刨花润楠生长动态及土壤养分含量年际变化的影响。结果表明:移栽前期,刨花润楠生长较慢,但16月后生长速度加快。生物炭可促进刨花润楠株高、叶长及叶宽的生长,但不同用量间差异不显著;与对照相比,T1、T2和T3处理下刨花润楠地上部干重分别增加35.71%、59.02%和31.81%,地下部干重分别增加28.02%、39.69%和20.52%;3个年份生物炭处理下0—15 cm和15—30 cm土层pH、有机质和速效钾含量均高于对照,且均随着生物炭施用量的增加而增加;生物炭处理下土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量均略有提高。施用生物炭后,2015年和2016年0—15 cm土层碱解氮含量降低,2017年则有所增加,但影响不显著(P0.05)。15—30 cm土层碱解氮含量变化不明显;生物炭对2015年0—15 cm土层有效磷含量的影响不显著,到2016年和2017年则增加其含量,且T1和T3处理下效应最显著。生物炭可增加15—30 cm土层有效磷含量,但到后期(2017年)效应不显著(P0.05)。总体看来,不同处理下土壤各养分含量均表现为0—15 cm15—30 cm,2015年2016年2017年。刨花润楠生物量与0—15 cm土壤养分含量间存在显著正相关性,各养分含量间也存在正相关关系。适量生物炭(T2)处理促生保肥效应最佳,且具有长效性。