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1.
刘凡  赵泓  秦帆 《植物学报》2006,23(3):275-280
结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis)的原生质体培养由于基因型依赖性强, 细胞易褐化,愈伤组织的芽诱导率低等而难于再生植株。本实验以结球白菜的下胚轴原生质体为试材, 研究了影响其细胞分裂及愈伤组织形成的因素, 探索了经过体细胞胚发生途径获得再生植株的技术。结果表明, 试材的基因型及培养基组成影响细胞分裂及褐化; KM8P是结球白菜原生质体培养更适宜的培养基, 能显著减轻细胞的褐化; 液体培养基中一定浓度的活性炭能在一定程度上减轻细胞褐化进程, 并有利于星状细胞团的形成; 基因型Asko中, 愈伤组织形成体细胞胚的结构, 其发生的频率约为5%, 该类体细胞胚能全部顺利地发育成完整植株。本技术具有再生植株形成容易、频率较高且通过体细胞胚发生途径等优点。  相似文献   

2.
羽衣甘蓝的小孢子胚诱导和植株再生   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
以羽衣甘蓝10个品种的游离小孢子培养,研究其胚状体及其再生植株诱导方法的结果表明,琼脂糖和活性炭对诱导胚状体发生及发育有促进作用;改良MS培养基中添加0.01%的活性炭可促进植株再生;确定1/2MS NAA 0.1 mg·L-1是优化生根的培养基;小孢子再生植株成活率可达74.6%.  相似文献   

3.
刘凡  赵泓  秦帆 《植物学通报》2006,23(3):275-280
结球白菜(Brassica campestris ssp.pekinensis)的原生质体培养由于基因型依赖性强,细胞易褐化,愈伤组织的芽诱导率低等而难于再生植株。本实验以结球白菜的下胚轴原生质体为试材,研究了影响其细胞分裂及愈伤组织形成的因素,探索了经过体细胞胚发生途径获得再生植株的技术。结果表明,试材的基因型及培养基组成影响细胞分裂及褐化;KM8P是结球白菜原生质体培养更适宜的培养基,能显著减轻细胞的褐化;液体培养基中一定浓度的活性炭能在一定程度上减轻细胞褐化进程,并有利于星状细胞团的形成;基因型Asko中,愈伤组织形成体细胞胚的结构,其发生的频率约为5%,该类体细胞胚能全部顺利地发育成完整植株。本技术具有再生植株形成容易、频率较高且通过体细胞胚发生途径等优点。  相似文献   

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大白菜与结球甘蓝异源三倍体小孢子植株的获得与鉴定   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
以6个不同基因型的大白菜四倍体(AAAA,2n=4x=40)品系9401、9402、9403、9404、9405、9406为母本,结球甘蓝二倍体(CC,2n=2x=18)自交系9501为父本配制杂交组合得到的6个杂种一代为试材,进行了游离小孢子培养研究,成功诱导出胚状体,获得了再生植株,并对部分再生株进行了染色体数鉴定和性状调查。结果表明:不同组合小孢子胚胎发生能力不同,各组合产胚率均较低;小孢子再生植株中,染色体数为18的个体所占比例最大,达46.7%;小孢子植株减数分裂行为复杂,终变期除二价体和单价体外,还有三价体等联会形式;小孢子植株性状表现各异。  相似文献   

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羽衣甘蓝小孢子胚胎发生观察及再生植株倍性鉴定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以5个不同基因型羽衣甘蓝品种为试材进行游离小孢子培养,研究小孢子发育时期与花蕾形态的关系、基因型对小孢子出胚率的影响、胚成苗及再生植株加倍和倍性鉴定。结果表明:(1)适宜于羽衣甘蓝游离小孢子培养的花蕾形态指标为:蕾长3.5~4.5mm、花瓣/花药为0.85~1.10。(2)在5个供试品种中,‘4105’出胚率最高,每蕾2.45个,其次是‘7341’,每蕾2.18个,‘7340’和‘7348’小孢子出胚情况较差,分别为每蕾1.36和0.51个,而‘7342’没有出胚。(3)采用150mg.L-1秋水仙碱浸泡幼苗根部24h,结合流式细胞仪快速检测植株倍性,发现二倍体总加倍率为78.4%,大大提高了小孢子再生植株的利用效率。  相似文献   

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不同萝卜品种游离小孢子的诱导及培养体系优化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以19个萝卜品种为试验材料,研究各种因素对萝卜游离小孢子培养的影响.结果表明:(1)13个品种可诱导出胚状体,诱导率达到68.4%,但不同品种间产胚量存在较大差异,其中路路通翠雪产胚量可达每蕾10个,而圆白萝卜的产胚量最小为每蕾0.125个,进一步培养有8个品种得到再生植株;(2)在NLN-13液体培养基中添加活性炭和6-BA对萝卜游离小孢子出胚有较好的促进作用,小孢子分离30d后将胚状体转移至固体MS培养基上,子叶型胚可获得大量的再生植株,而畸形胚状体转移后不能获得正常的再生植株.  相似文献   

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研究了秋水仙碱不同浓度和处理时间对甘蓝型油菜23个基因型离体小孢子胚胎发生的影响.3个基因型的小孢子被10、50和100mg/L秋水仙碱处理24h或48h,胚产量是2.55~14.75胚/蕾,10~50mg/L处理72h则是0.94~2.43胚/蕾.这表明处理72h对小孢子胚发生有抑制作用.用200、400、500和800mg/L处理2个基因型小孢子16~48h,胚产量为0.6~1.33胚/蕾,未处理对照是6.25和9.36胚/蕾.可见200~800mg/L浓度对胚再生有不同程度的阻碍效应.结果还证明,小孢子对秋水仙碱的反应与其基因型有关.当用10、20、50和100mg/L处理48h时,22B5-6和903-3小孢子的胚产量为37.09~69.47胚/蕾,而F1-29、W592和SF10-12是0.28~1.45胚/蕾,相互之间差异很大.秋水仙碱处理小孢子的目的是使其再生植株的染色体高频率加倍,因此应根据胚产量和染色体加倍率来确定秋水仙碱浓度和处理时间.本试验中,采用10~50mg/L处理48h或者用100mg/L处理24h,约80%基因型的小孢子胚产量在5胚/蕾以上,约70%基因型的再生植株加倍率达60%以上,可有效地用于油菜遗传和育种研究等领域.  相似文献   

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不结球白菜离体培养与植株再生体系研究   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
以4个不结球白菜品种为试材,对外植体、苗龄、激素的组配、培养基中琼脂和AgNO3浓度等再生因素进行了筛选优化,并探讨了抗坏血酸(AsA)对不结球白菜不定芽分化的影响。结果显示:以4~7d苗龄的带柄子叶为外植体诱导不定芽效果较好;MN培养基中4mg/L6-BA与0.5mg/LNAA的搭配有利于不定芽形成;琼脂的浓度变化对不定芽分化影响较大,以9g/L琼脂为宜;培养基中添加5~7.5mg/L的AgNO3、0.1~0.5mmol/L的AsA可显著提高不定芽的发生频率和质量。通过不定芽继代培养、生根培养和驯化移栽建立了能够获得较高再生频率的不结球白菜离体再生体系。  相似文献   

9.
四倍体不结球白菜的诱导及染色体倍性鉴定   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
用不同浓度秋水仙素处理子叶期不结球白菜生长点对其进行染色体倍性操作,根据形态解剖学、细胞学特征和流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定.结果表明,浓度为0.2%的秋水仙素处理4次的效果最好,四倍体诱变率为8.42%.与二倍体相比,四倍体植株叶片、花器官、气孔等均表现巨大性;气孔密度和结实率降低;抽薹较晚.用流式细胞仪进行倍性鉴定,对照DNA相对含量为100,疑似株为200,表明是四倍体;疑似株有2个值与对照的比值约为1和2,表明是嵌合体(2x 4x).流式细胞仪鉴定结果与染色体计数法鉴定结果一致,表明流式细胞仪可以较准确地检测不结球白菜突变株倍性.  相似文献   

10.
花生体胚诱导再生体系及基因枪转化条件的初步探讨   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以花生上胚轴为外植体,研究不同Picloram(毒莠定)浓度处理和不同基因型对体细胞胚胎发生及植株再生的影响,并利用基因枪将含GUS基因的pCAMBIA2301质粒载体轰击体胚,对基因枪转化条件进行了初步探索.结果表明:外植体在添加5 mg/ L Picloram+1 mg/L Glutamine(谷氨酰胺)的MB培养基上诱导的体胚发生率、产胚数及植株再生率最高.不同基因型以‘中花8号'体胚再生率最高(体胚诱导率为55.36%,植株再生率为56.79%).在氦气压力为1 100 psi,轰击距离为9 cm时,体细胞胚GUS瞬时表达率可达到22.95%.  相似文献   

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Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.  相似文献   

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Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.  相似文献   

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Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.  相似文献   

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正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases  相似文献   

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