冷害过程中黄瓜叶片SOD、CAT和POD活性的变化

实验选用3个耐冷力不同的黄瓜品种研究其叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）等3种抗氧化酶活性在冷害过程中的变化。结果表明：低温胁迫期间的CAT和POD活性与黄瓜叶片的耐冷力表现一致,SOD活性则与其耐冷力表现相反。低温胁迫后,3个品种的所有3种抗氧化酶活性均降低,叶片表现出明显的冷害症状,但耐冷力较高的津优10号仍然具有相对较高的CAT活性。恢复期的SOD活性无显著性变化;耐冷力最弱的津研4号和耐冷力中等的津绿3号的CAT活性上升而津优10号的CAT活性降低;3个品种的POD活性都增高,但津研4号的上升幅度明显高于其它2个品种,可能与POD能催化活性氧（ROS）产生有关。     

短期夜间低温胁迫对秋茄幼苗碳氮代谢及其相关酶活性的影响

采用人工控制手段,研究短期夜间低温对秋茄幼苗叶片光合特性、色素含量、抗氧化系统、细胞膜透性以及碳氮代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明：(1)低温16 h内,秋茄的净光合速率、气孔导度、气孔限制值均显著降低,而胞间CO2浓度显著增加。(2)低温低于8 h,叶片叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量以及Chl a/Chl b比值均未产生显著变化,而Car/Chl 比值显著增加。低温12、16 h,其叶片光合色素均下降,尤其白天下降幅度更大。(3)低温16 h内叶片可溶性总糖一直增加,而蔗糖含量、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性均在低温12 h后下降。(4)低温16 h内叶片可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量以及羧肽酶活性均增加,而低温8 h时叶片内肽酶活性就开始下降。(5)低温16 h内叶片相对电导率、MDA均增加,而叶片POD活性均下降,尤其夜间下降更明显。另外,低温4、16 h能显著降低叶片SOD活性。以上说明,低温16 h时秋茄叶片光合作用的下降主要是因为非气孔导度限制引起,这主要与光合色素下降、抗氧化酶活性降低有关。此外,短期夜间低温通过影响SS、SPS、内肽酶以及羧肽酶活性,从而抑制了秋茄自身的碳氮代谢调控能力。     

盐胁迫下木麻黄幼苗抗氧化酶活性的变化及Ca2+对它的调控

在单纯NaCl处理下,随着NaCl浓度的加大,木麻黄幼苗的蛋白质含量逐渐升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性则逐渐增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在低盐下下降,高盐下明显升高.加入适量Ca2 后,SOD活性上升,POD活性和蛋白质含量下降.CAT活性低时加Ca2 ,CAT活性增加;CAT活性高时加Ca2 ,CAT活性则降低.     

低温对黄瓜幼苗子叶光合强度和叶绿素荧光的影响

低温胁迫时间延长和低温胁迫强度增加,黄瓜幼苗子叶光合速率和Chl荧光递减。高氧浓度可加剧低温下光合速率和Chl荧光的降低,相反,这种降低可被抗氧化剂抑制。低温下光合速率和Chl荧光的递减与子叶电解质泄漏和丙二醛(MDA)含量的递增呈一定的负相关。     

低温胁迫下玉米幼苗叶片活性氧的产生及保护酶活性的变化

在光照和黑暗条件下,对低温胁迫玉米幼苗叶片中超氧自由基(O2(-)/(·))产生速率、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)动态变化过程的研究结果表明,不同强度低温胁迫后,O2(-)/(·)产生速率增加;保护酶SOD、CAT活性下降,POD活性升高.同一低温胁迫下光照处理后的O2(-)/(·)产生速率、SOD、CAT、POD活性与黑暗处理相比差异达到极显著水平.     

暗培养对黄瓜子叶节再生频率及其相关酶活性和可溶性蛋白含量的影响

以黄瓜品种新泰密刺子叶节为材料,观测了暗培养1~5 d黄瓜子叶节植株再生频率及其诱导过程中POD、SOD活性和可溶性蛋白含量的变化,以探究暗培养条件下黄瓜子叶节POD、SOD活性、可溶性蛋白含量与再生频率间的关系.结果表明,暗培养不仅可以使黄瓜子叶节POD活性持续增长,还有助于其活性保持在较高水平,D4处理在培养的第6天POD值高达243 U?g-1FW,对应的再生频率为87.20%,而对照的最高峰值仅为187.7 U?g-1FW,再生频率只有36.60%;POD的变化体现了各处理生理状态的差异,且各处理暗培养结束时的POD活性水平和POD峰值分别与植株再生频率之间存在显著正相关性,相关系数分别达到了0.921和0.839;而SOD活性水平与再生频率间无显著相关性;可溶性蛋白含量虽然可以体现子叶节生理状态的变化,但无法反映各暗处理对再生频率的影响差别.可见,暗培养有助于提高诱导过程中黄瓜子叶节POD活性的增速,使其活性保持在较高水平,且以POD活性为指标可以反映暗培养处理的有效性.     

低温胁迫对黄瓜子叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和谷胱甘肽含量的影响

低温胁迫下黄瓜幼苗子叶抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和GSH含量显著下降,下降幅度随低温胁迫程度增加而递增。不同低温胁迫下酶活性和GSH含量变化与子叶电解质泄漏和MDA的增加呈负相关。幼苗用MV和MDA预处理可加剧由低温引起的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和GSH含量降低,而用苯甲酸钠和α-生育酚预处理则可减轻这种降低,显示出过量的活性氧及其引发的膜脂过氧化产物MDA对抗坏血酸过氧化物酶和GSH均有伤害影响。     

高温对水稻开花期剑叶抗氧化酶活性及基因表达的影响

以杂交水稻‘Ⅱ优838’为研究材料,检测了高温胁迫下‘Ⅱ优838’开花期剑叶中叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及SOD、CAT、POD基因的表达水平。结果显示,高温胁迫使‘Ⅱ优838’剑叶中叶绿素含量及叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量的比值(Chl a/Chl b)降低且下降幅度显著低于‘冈优725’(对照);SOD和POD活性增高且增幅显著大于‘冈优725’,但CAT活性降低且降幅显著小于‘冈优725’;热胁迫使‘Ⅱ优838’剑叶中SOD、CAT和POD基因的表达量显著增加。说明‘Ⅱ优838’在开花期遭遇高温胁迫后能保持较高的光合效率,并通过提高抗氧化保护酶的基因表达水平以维持较高的活性来应答高温胁迫,这为深入剖析水稻高温胁迫下的生理反应和适应机理提供了参考。     

铅胁迫对黄瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性及同工酶的影响

采用水培法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,研究铅胁迫对黄瓜幼苗过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及同工酶的影响.结果表明,铅胁迫下黄瓜幼苗地上部POD活性除第5天外均随铅浓度的增加而逐渐降低,POD同工酶谱带和表达量减少.在0～500 mg·L^-1铅浓度范围内,SOD活性随铅浓度的增加而增加,第7天达到最大值后急剧下降,低于同期对照值,900 mg·L^-1铅处理SOD活性随时间的延长逐步降低,SOD酶谱带和表达量与铅浓度呈负相关.CAT酶谱带无明显变化,而表达量存在差异.     

草酸诱导黄瓜幼苗对霜霉病的抗性与H2O2的关系

以长春密刺黄瓜幼苗为材料,对经草酸处理或霜霉菌接种后黄瓜叶片的过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及H2O2含量的变化进行了研究.结果表明:草酸处理或霜霉菌接种均可诱导黄瓜幼苗叶片H2O2含量显著增加,且草酸预处理后接种的叶片比相应对照叶片能更快地积累H2O2;草酸处理后叶片SOD和POD活性均升高,而CAT活性却受到一定程度的抑制.研究发现,H2O2参与了幼苗对霜霉病的抗性诱导;叶片H2O2含量的增加与其SOD、POD活性升高、CAT活性下降有关;通过调节黄瓜叶片H2O2的含量来调控有关黄瓜霜霉病抗性的防御基因表达是草酸诱导抗性的机制之一.     

Molecular Evolution and Diversity of Lignin Degrading Heme Peroxidases in the Agaricomycetes

The plant and microbial peroxidase superfamily encompasses three classes of related protein families. Class I includes intracellular peroxidases of prokaryotic origin, class II includes secretory fungal peroxidases, including the lignin degrading enzymes manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and versatile peroxidase (VP), and class III includes the secretory plant peroxidases. Here, we present phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods that address the origin and diversification of class II peroxidases. Higher-level analyses used published full-length sequences from all members of the plant and microbial peroxidase superfamily, while lower-level analyses used class II sequences only, including 43 new sequences generated from Agaricomycetes (mushroom-forming fungi and relatives). The distribution of confirmed and proposed catalytic sites for manganese and aromatic compounds in class II peroxidases, including residues supposedly involved in three different long range electron transfer pathways, was interpreted in the context of phylogenies from the lower-level analyses. The higher-level analyses suggest that class II sequences constitute a monophyletic gene family within the plant and microbial peroxidase superfamily, and that they have diversified extensively in the basidiomycetes. Peroxidases of unknown function from the ascomycete Magnaporthe grisea were found to be the closest relatives of class II sequences and were selected to root class II sequences in the lower-level analyses. LiPs evidently arose only once in the Polyporales, which harbors many white-rot taxa, whereas MnPs and VPs are more widespread and may have multiple origins. Our study includes the first reports of partial sequences for MnPs in the Hymenochaetales and Corticiales.     

Production of catalytically active horseradish peroxidase-n in the insect cell-baculovirus expression system

Catalytically active horseradish peroxidase-n, HRP-n, has been produced in the insect cell-baculovirus expression system. The natural 5-leader sequence was included and the mature 40 kDa protein was secreted into the medium. HRP-n differs from the well characterised HRP-C regarding its amino acid sequence and catalytic behaviour and could therefore be an interesting alternative to HRP-C in various bioanalytical applications.     

Characterization of peroxidases in luminol chemiluminescence coupled with copper-catalysed oxidation of cysteamine

Hydrogen peroxide formed during the course of the copper(II)-catalysed oxidation of cysteamine with oxygen was continuously determined by a peroxidase (POD)-catalysed luminol chemiluminescence (CL) method. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), lactoperoxidase (LPO) and Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase (ARP) were used as a CL catalyst. The respective PODs gave specific CL intensity-time profiles. HRP caused a CL delay, and ARP gave a time-response curve which followed the production rate of H₂O₂. LPO gave only a weak CL flash which decayed promptly. These differences of CL response curves could be explained in terms of the different reactivities of PODs for superoxide anion and the different formation rate of luminol radicals in the peroxidation of luminol catalysed by POD.     

三种重要木质素降解酶研究进展

就三种重要木质素降解酶：LiP、MnP和漆酶在自然界的分布,化学组成、结构特征、降解机制、分子生物学等进行综述,并探讨了其作用协同性。     

Lignin peroxidase is involved in the biobleaching of manganese-less oxygen-delignified hardwood kraft pulp by white-rot fungi in the solid-fermentation system

Biobleaching of manganese-less oxygen-delignified hardwood kraft pulp (E-OKP) by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 and P. chrysosporium was examined in the solid-state fermentation system. P. sordida YK-624 possessed a higher brightening activity than P. chrysosporium, increasing pulp brightness by 13.4 points after seven days of treatment. In these fermentation systems, lignin peroxidase (LiP) activity was detected as the principle ligninolytic enzyme, and manganese peroxidase and laccase activities were scarcely detected over the course of treatment of E-OKP by either fungus. Moreover, a linear relationship between brightness increase and cumulative LiP activity was observed under all tested culture conditions with P. sordida YK-624 and P. chrysosporium. These results indicated that LiP is involved in the brightening of E-OKP by both white-rot fungi.     

植物谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶研究进展

氧化胁迫可诱导植物多种防御酶的产生,其中包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD,EC1.15.L1)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX,EC1.11.1.11)、过氧化氢酶(CAT,E.C.1.11.1.6)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPXs,EC1.11.1.9).它们在清除活性氧过程中起着不同的作用.GPXs是动物体内清除氧自由基的主要酶类,但它在植物中的功能报道甚少.最近几年研究表明,植物体内也存在类似于哺乳动物的GPXs家族,并对其功能研究已初见端倪.本文综述了有关GPXs的结构以及植物GPXs功能的研究进展.     

Peroxidase-mediated hydroxylation of p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile,an intermediate in dhurrin synthesis in sorghum

A soluble enzyme from sorghum seedlings mediates the aliphatic hydroxylation of p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile. The reaction was dependent on the pres