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1.
记述弓背蚁属Camponotus Mayr 1中国新记录种,即暗足弓背蚁C.obscuripes Mayr。  相似文献   

2.
徐阳  南小宁  魏琮  贺虹 《昆虫学报》2016,(6):632-640
[目的]在长期的进化过程中,蚂蚁和微生物之间建立了复杂的联系,尤其肠道微生物对蚂蚁的食性进化和物种分化产生了巨大的影响.弓背蚁属Camponotus蚂蚁消化道内普遍存在内共生菌Blochmannia及其他肠道细菌,这些细菌在寄主蚂蚁营养补充方面发挥了重要的作用,此外肠道微生物对食物类型的变化十分敏感,这些信息可能有助于调查寄主蚂蚁在不同季节的取食习性.本研究旨在揭示弓背蚁属蚂蚁肠道微生物是否存在季节特征.[方法]采用16S rRNA-RFLP方法分析比较了了2个日本弓背蚁蚁巢(巢1和2)的工蚁在4个月份时间点(2012年6月12日,8月15日和10月10日,2013年4月15日)的肠道茵群组成.[结果]在8个样品中共发现了17个属的细菌和1种未知细菌,弓背蚁属蚂蚁特有的内共生茵Blochmannia是优势细菌,出现在所有样品中,占67.1%~98.8%;假单胞菌属Pseudomonas和肠杆菌属Enterobacter在大多数的样本中都检测到,其他属的细菌则零星分布在个别样品中,只占较低的比例.两个蚁巢工蚁肠道茵群在4个月份没有呈现一致的变化趋势,都具有低的细菌多样性.在巢1中,4月和10月的肠道细菌多样性相对较高,在6月和8月较低;而在巢2中,8月的肠道细菌多样性明显高于4,6和10月.两个蚁巢6月和10月的肠道茵群组成相似,但是8月和4月差异较大.[结论]日本弓背蚁两个蚁巢的工蚁肠道菌群组成和多样性都随季节产生变化,但是没有呈现一致的变化趋势,没有表现出明显的季节特征.  相似文献   

3.
胡欣  贺虹 《微生物学通报》2020,47(11):3892-3898
昆虫与其体内细菌的互利共生关系是近十余年来生物学家关注的热点领域,也是研究物种间协同进化的理想模型。Blochmannia是蚁科弓背蚁属Camponotus蚂蚁体内的初级内共生菌,作为最早被描述的动物与细菌之间的共生关系,Blochmannia在帮助宿主蚂蚁合成食物中所缺少的必需营养物质、维持生长发育、繁殖和营养代谢等方面发挥重要作用。本文从Blochmannia的分布规律、母系传播、基因组特征及其功能等方面进行综述,以期为相关研究提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

4.
【目的】采用自行设置的厌氧装置,分离培养日本弓背蚁Camponotus japonicus消化道厌氧细菌。【方法】改进了一种简易的厌氧装置——平皿夹层法,利用4种培养基对日本弓背蚁消化道内厌氧或兼性厌氧菌进行分离培养。【结果】从日本弓背蚁消化道共分离到22个不同的菌株,隶属于厚壁菌门、放线菌门和变形菌门3大类群的17个属;4种培养基分离到的细菌种类存在明显差异,选择性较强,其中从LB和牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基上分离到的细菌种类较多,分别为10种和8种;从MRS和LBS培养基上分离到的细菌较少,分别为3种和1种;大工蚁和小工蚁的消化道细菌组成也存在差异,可能与其在巢群中担负的功能和职责有关,还有待于进一步研究分析。【结论】利用平皿夹层法可以成功分离到日本弓背蚁肠道的厌氧细菌,该种方法对于其他昆虫消化道厌氧菌的分离培养具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

5.
本研究在室内模拟自然蚁巢的结构和条件下,使用个体标记和直接观察法对一巢金毛弓背蚁Componotus tonkinus的行为类型和社会分工进行了研究。共34只来自同一巢穴的工蚁被标记。在持续一周的观察过程中对每只蚂蚁所执行的每种行为的频率进行了统计和聚类分析。结果表明:金毛弓背蚁可以区分出12种基本行为类型;该蚂蚁的成员大致可以分为5个功能组, 即繁殖(蚁后1个)、觅食(由10个工蚁组成,主要负责觅食)、巢穴内的维护及护育(由16个工蚁组成,主要负责巢穴的维修、清理及护育)、巢穴的防卫(包括3个工蚁,行巢穴防卫)及不活跃型(含5个工蚁)。  相似文献   

6.
中国云南细蚁亚科二新种(膜翅目:蚁科)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在云南省昆明市西山森林公园发现细蚁亚科2新种,即叉颚原细蚁Protanilla furcoandibula sp.nov和昆虫细蚁Leptanilla kunmingensis sp.nov。分别编制了中国原细蚁属Protanilla3个已知种和细蚁属Lep-tanilla4个已知种工蚁分种检索表,并附所有物种的插图。  相似文献   

7.
金毛弓背蚁的巢穴结构、头宽频数分布及活动节律   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
对金毛弓背蚁Camponotus tonkinus Santschi的巢穴结构、工蚁头宽频数特征及巢外活动节律作了系统的观察和分析。发现金毛弓背蚁地下巢穴极为复杂,有纵横交错的通道系统和众多的小室,蚁后室位于巢穴底部,工蚁的头宽为连续性,范围在1.05-3.85mm,频数分布为不对称的单峰,头宽在1.4~2.Omm的个体最多,占总数的72.7%,晴朗天气里工蚁出入巢活动在上午和下午各有一个高峰,中午随温度升高金毛弓背蚁外出活动进入低谷.  相似文献   

8.
日本弓背蚁亲系识别的研究:攻击行为测试与RAPD PCR分析   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
亲系识别在社会性昆虫繁衍、维持社群的生命力和个体间的通讯协作等方面具有重要作用。不少学者已应用气相色谱和行为观察方法分析了几种社会性昆虫的亲系识别现象、识别能力及其化学本质 ,但在揭示其遗传背景方面的研究较少[1~ 3] 。作者对采自西安地区陕西师范大学校园和长安县不同巢穴的日本弓背蚁进行了攻击行为测试和RAPD PCR分析 ,旨在探讨它们的亲系识别能力及其遗传背景。1 材料与方法1 1 实验蚂蚁实验所用日本弓背蚁Camponotusjapanicus大型工蚁 (即兵蚁 )于 1997年 5月分别采自陕西师范大学校园、陕…  相似文献   

9.
日本弓背蚁亲系识别的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
谭声江  金黎  张敏  马占军 《昆虫知识》2000,37(3):175-177
亲系识别在社会昆虫活动中具有重要作用 ,为当前社会昆虫学研究中的五大热点之一。本文对采自西安地区 4巢日本弓背蚁 Camponotusjaponicus Mayr进行了进攻性行为测试 ,并结合酯酶、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶电泳对亲系识别进行了综合研究。结果显示行为识别与同工酶电泳反应出的亲缘关系有一定相关性。  相似文献   

10.
广西巨首蚁属昆虫研究:膜翅目:蚁科   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文记述广西壮族自治区的巨首蚁属Pheidologeton昆虫6种,其中3新种,即:黑沟巨道蚁,宽结巨首蚁和粗纹巨首蚁。新种正模标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所,副模标本保存于广西师范大学生物系。文中提供广西该属已知种的大头工蚁分种检索表。  相似文献   

11.
The quality of Brassica and Acacia pollen is adversely affected by exposure to secretions drawn from the metapleural gland of the ant Myrmecia nigriscapa. Ultrastructural studies show that the apparently lipoidal secretions destroy both the plasma membranes and those of the cytoplasmic organelles. Exposure to the integument of this ant prevents the normal hydration of pollen grains. Exposure to the integument of a species of Camponotus, which does not appear to possess metapleural gland openings, also reduces pollen quality. Mycelial development in seven species of soil-dwelling fungi is inhibited by secretions of the metapleural gland. Two fungal species that are normally entomogenous are most vulnerable to the secretion. It is suggested that the metapleural gland is producing a powerful antibiotic and that the antibiosis that results from its activity, on one hand, alleviates the attacks of microorganisms in nest cavities, while on the other, incidentally kills pollen grains, possibly blocking the evolution of ant pollination systems.  相似文献   

12.
The metapleural gland is an organ exclusive to ants. Its main role is to produce secretions that inhibit the proliferation of different types of pathogens. The aim of the present study was to examine the morphophysiological differences between the metapleural gland of 3 non-fungus-growing ants of the tribes Ectatommini, Myrmicini, and Blepharidattini and that of 5 fungus-growing ants from 2 basal and 3 derived attine genera. The metapleural gland of the non-fungus-growing ants and the basal attine ants has fewer secretory cells than that of the derived attine ants (leaf-cutting ants). In addition, the metapleural gland of the latter had more clusters of secretory cells and sieve plates, indicating a greater storage capacity and demand for secretion in these more advanced farming ants. The glands of the derived attine ants also produced higher levels of polysaccharides and acidic lipids than those of Myrmicini, Blepharidattini, and basal attines. Our results confirm morphophysiological differences between the metapleural glands of the derived attines and those of the basal attines and non-fungus-growing ants, suggesting that the metapleural glands of the derived attines (leaf-cutting ants) are more developed in morphology and physiology, with enhanced secretion production (acidic lipids and protein) to protect against the proliferation of unwanted fungi and bacteria in the fungal garden, it is possible that leaf-cutting ants may have evolved more developed metapleural glands in response to stronger pressure from parasites.  相似文献   

13.
The volatile components of whole-body extracts of males, females and workers were analyzed in four species of Neotropical ants in the formicine genus, Camponotus. The species, C. kaura, C. sexguttatus, C. ramulorum and C. planatus, represent three different subgenera. Volatile mandibular gland components were found only in male extracts in three of the species. In C. ramulorum, volatile components were found in male and female reproductives and workers. 3,4-Dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methylpyran-4-one and octanic acid were found in different sets of three of the species. Methyl 6-methyl salicylate was found in two species and the isocoumarin, mellein, was found in a third species. The significance of the mandibular gland secretion for formicid systematics is discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Summary. Multiple queen-mating (polyandry) in social insects increases the genetic variability among worker offspring, which may enhance colony survival, social productivity and defence against parasites. The unique and complex symbiosis of leaf-cutting ants with a clonal mutualistic fungus makes this social system particularly vulnerable to contamination by pathogenic and unwanted saprophytic fungi and bacteria. Proper defence against such threats requires effective and flexible chemical defence mechanisms. A prime candidate for providing such defences is the metapleural gland secretion, which is known to have broad antibiotic properties. Here we use the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus to specifically test the hypothesis that genetically more diverse worker-offspring produce a more variable spectrum of metapleural gland compounds. We used DNA microsatellite markers to assign workers from two colonies to the six most common patrilines in each colony, and have analysed the degree to which the observed variance in the quantitative chemical composition of the metapleural gland secretion can be explained by genetic differences among patrilines. We found a marginally significant patriline-effect on the overall variability of metapleural gland compounds in one colony, but could not detect such effect in the other colony. We discuss a number of possible reasons why the genetic variance component for quantitative variation in metapleural gland secretion may be low.  相似文献   

15.
S. geminata workers mark the areas they explore with a secretion from the metapleural gland. The territorial mark lasts for more than 6 h. Territories without the chemical mark induce the workers to initiate recruitment to that territory. Ants on their own territory or on territories impregnated with metapleural gland extract from workers of their colony, initiate more intraspecific combats than ants on territories of a different colony or on territories without the chemical mark.  相似文献   

16.
Social insects are at risk from a diverse range of parasites. The antibiotic-producing metapleural gland is an ancestral trait in ants which is thought to be one of their primary mechanisms of resistance. However, the metapleural gland has been lost secondarily in three ant genera, which include weaver ants that are characterised by the remarkable construction of their nests using larval silk. Silken nests may have allowed reduced investment in costly disease resistance mechanisms like the metapleural gland if the silk has antimicrobial properties, as in other insects, or is a hygienic substrate. Here we examine this hypothesis in the weaver ant Polyrhachis dives. We found no evidence of a beneficial effect of silk. The presence of silk did not improve the already high resistance of ants to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium, the ants only rarely interacted with the silk regardless of whether they were exposed to Metarhizium or not, and silk also did not inhibit the in vitro germination or growth of Metarhizium. Furthermore, silk was found in vitro to be heavily contaminated with the facultative entomopathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus, and many more ants sporulated with this fungus when kept with silk in vivo than when they were kept without silk. Further work is needed to examine the effects of silk on other parasites and of silk from other weaver ants. However, the results in combination suggest that silk in P. dives is unlikely to provide protection against parasites and that it is also not a hygienic substrate. Alternative explanations may therefore be needed for the loss of the metapleural gland in weaver ants.  相似文献   

17.
The segregation of laboratory maintained male and larval Myrmecia gulosa from workers resulted in increased levels of culturable microbiota. After 29 days, microbial levels recovered from segregated males and larvae were 27 and 126 times greater than from males and larvae not segregated from workers. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that metapleural gland secretions, absent in larvae and males, are transferred from workers to larvae, and males contribute to the inhibition of cuticular microbiota.  相似文献   

18.
Summary The orchid Leporella fimbriata is pollinated by pseudocopulation with winged males of the ant Myrmecia urens. This recently studied interaction provides a unique opportunity to examine the two current hypotheses concerning the apparent rarity of ant pollination systems worldwide. The first hypothesis requires a series of specialized growth forms and floral characteristics regarded as adaptations to ant pollination. L. fimbriata does not possess them. The second considers the pollenicidal effects of secretions from the metapleural gland of ants. These glands are absent in M. urens males and it may be that the occurrence of ant pollination requires the absence of metapleural glands in the vector.  相似文献   

19.
Paired exocrine metapleural glands are present in almost all ants and produce compounds with antibiotic properties towards a variety of pathogenic fungi and bacteria. In Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants, small workers have relatively large metapleural glands compared to large workers, and thus harbour approximately half the number of gland cells of large workers, despite being only one-fifteenth their body mass. Here we present results showing that when the two worker castes of A. echinatior are treated with spores of the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus nomius in doses that correspond to the difference in metapleural gland cell numbers they do not differ in survival. However, we also show, for the first time, that small workers survive significantly longer than large workers when both are challenged with a dose of spores that corresponds to their difference in body mass. Furthermore, the time until Aspergillus nomius hyphae and spores appear on the cadavers of workers dead from infection, is significantly increased in the small worker caste. In addition to supporting previous findings that the metapleural glands have an important defence function, the results of this study indicate that the relatively large glands in small workers makes this caste particularly well adapted to preventing pathogenic microorganisms from entering the colony. Received 23 January 2006; revised 7 April 2006; accepted 11 April 2006.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract. Workers of Crematogaster inflata possess the largest metapleural glands (relative to body size) known among ants, with reservoirs extending anteriorly up to the junction between the pro‐ and the mesothorax, and with over 1400 secretory cells on both sides together. This large secretory capacity is related to the gland's defensive function, which, in members of this species, is directed against larger arthropod and vertebrate enemies, and apparently not against microorganisms, in contrast to other ants, where the gland produces antibiotics. The gland is not equipped with any direct musculature. Secretion release is probably caused by contraction of the oblique longitudinal thorax muscles or by passive expulsion caused by external pressure.  相似文献   

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