2013年重组人干扰素α2b注射剂评价性抽验质量分析

目的:评价国产重组人干扰素α2b注射剂的质量现状及存在问题。方法:采用法定检验方法结合探索性研究进行样品检验,统计分析检验结果,对国产重组人干扰素α2b注射剂的质量现状进行评价。结果:法定检验显示92批成品91批合格,合格率98.9%;24批原液20批合格(部分检验),合格率83.3%;探索性研究表明,按欧洲药典标准在原液中增加相关蛋白含量测定,则有两家企业的产品符合要求。结论:该品种总体质量状况良好,现行检验标准基本可行,建议在原液中增加相关蛋白含量检测。     

层析法去除重组人血清白蛋白干扰素α2b融合蛋白的内毒素

用柱层析方法在生产重组人血清白蛋白干扰素α2b融合蛋白过程中去除产品中的内毒素.所用柱层析组合为Blue-sepharose亲和柱层析、SOURCE 15 ISO疏水柱层析、Q Sepharose F.F.离子交换柱层析、Sephadex G25 Coarse凝胶过滤柱.采用鲎试剂法检测柱层析各阶段得到蛋白中的内毒素含量;并用RP-HPLC方法测定柱层析各阶段得到蛋白的纯度与浓度,求出每毫克蛋白的内毒素含量.结果为每步柱层析过程式均有去除内毒素的作用,最终所得蛋白的内毒素含量降为1 EU/mg,去除率达到99.9%.因而生产重组人血清白蛋白干扰素α2b融合蛋白所用分离纯化柱层析技术在纯化蛋白的同时能有效的去除产品中内毒素,所得产品内毒素的含量远低于药典对注射剂的内毒素含量要求.     

层析法去除重组人血清白蛋白干扰素a2b融合蛋白的内毒素

用柱层析方法在生产重组人血清白蛋白干扰素α2b融合蛋白过程中去除产品中的内毒素。所用柱层析组合为Blue-sepharose亲和柱层析、SOURCE 15 ISO疏水柱层析、Q Sepharose F.F.离子交换柱层析、Sephadex G25 Coarse凝胶过滤柱。采用鲎试剂法检测柱层析各阶段得到蛋白中的内毒素含量; 并用RP-HPLC方法测定柱层析各阶段得到蛋白的纯度与浓度, 求出每毫克蛋白的内毒素含量。结果为每步柱层析过程式均有去除内毒素的作用, 最终所得蛋白的内毒素含量降为1 EU/mg, 去除率达到99.9%。因而生产重组人血清白蛋白干扰素a2b融合蛋白所用分离纯化柱层析技术在纯化蛋白的同时能有效的去除产品中内毒素, 所得产品内毒素的含量远低于药典对注射剂的内毒素含量要求。     

层析法去除重组人血清白蛋白干扰素a2b融合蛋白的内毒素

用柱层析方法在生产重组人血清白蛋白干扰素α2b融合蛋白过程中去除产品中的内毒素。所用柱层析组合为Blue-sepharose亲和柱层析、SOURCE 15 ISO疏水柱层析、Q Sepharose F.F.离子交换柱层析、Sephadex G25 Coarse凝胶过滤柱。采用鲎试剂法检测柱层析各阶段得到蛋白中的内毒素含量; 并用RP-HPLC方法测定柱层析各阶段得到蛋白的纯度与浓度, 求出每毫克蛋白的内毒素含量。结果为每步柱层析过程式均有去除内毒素的作用, 最终所得蛋白的内毒素含量降为1 EU/mg, 去除率达到99.9%。因而生产重组人血清白蛋白干扰素a2b融合蛋白所用分离纯化柱层析技术在纯化蛋白的同时能有效的去除产品中内毒素, 所得产品内毒素的含量远低于药典对注射剂的内毒素含量要求。     

重组人干扰素α2b阴道泡腾片的研制

目的:制备重组人干扰素α2b阴道泡腾片,并对其质量和局部用药安全性进行研究。方法:将重组人干扰素α2b经制粒干燥,用酸、碱分开制粒法制备重组人干扰素α2b阴道泡腾片,按照《中国药典》对其性状、重量差异、崩解时限、pH、干扰素效价、水份含量、稳定性以及局部刺激性进行了考察。结果:本品处方、工艺合理,制备过程对干扰素生物活性影响较小;制剂质量符合规定,在4℃低温条件下保存具有较好的稳定性;局部刺激试验对家兔阴道组织无明显的刺激性。结论:该制剂质量稳定、可控,具有良好的稳定性和安全性。     

重组人白蛋白干扰素α-2b融合蛋白的稳定性研究

研究重组人白蛋白干扰素α-2b融合蛋白(rHSA-IFNα-2b)的稳定性.以抗病毒活性和纯度为主要检测指标,考察rHSA-IFNα-2b的热稳定性,酸碱稳定性以及冻融耐受性.rHSA-IFNα-2b在37℃、55℃下放置5h后生物学活性无明显降低,60℃水浴lh即可见活性降低了约40%;pH值(分别为2、3、9)改变时,生物学活性未发生明显变化;rHSA-IFNα-2b反复冻融后聚合体逐渐增加,冻融4次后聚合体含量达到17.91%,但生物学活性无明显降低.重组人白蛋白干扰素α-2b融合蛋白对热、酸碱变化稳定,但不宜冻融.     

重组人干扰素α2b栓剂稳定性研究

研究重组人干扰素α2b栓剂的稳定性。方法将重组人干扰素α2b栓在不同温度下保存不同时间,分别检验干扰素生物学活性、溶出度试验、融变时限、pH和微生物限度及外观的稳定性。结果重组人干扰素α2b栓在4~8℃条件下放置当时和放置48个月后的IFN生物学活性基本一致,未见下降;在20~25℃条件下放置24个月后IFN生物学活性未见下降,放置32个月后活性下降32%,36个月后IFN生物学活性下降55%;37℃条件下放置4个月后IFN生物学活性未见下降。结论重组人干扰素α2b栓剂的生物学活性及理化性质的稳定性好。     

疏水相互作用层析分离重组人干扰素α2b

目的采用疏水相互作用层析分离重组人干扰素α2b,去除干扰素样品中的二聚体,得到高纯度的干扰素用于进一步的研究。方法首先采用阳离子交换层析纯化复性重组人干扰素α2b,去除了大部分的杂蛋白,然后采用疏水相互作用层析纯化重组人干扰素α2b,去除复性过程中产生的错误折叠体和二聚体,并考察盐浓度、pH值、流速和洗脱液中尿素对疏水相互作用层析纯化效果的影响。结果硫酸铵初始浓度1.2 mol/L、缓冲液pH值6.0、流速2.5 mL/min、洗脱液中添加尿素浓度为2 mol/L时疏水相互作用层析纯化效果最佳。最终得到的重组人干扰素α2b非还原型SDS-PAGE电泳均呈单一条带。结论确定了疏水层析纯化重组人干扰素α2b的最优条件,成功提取到具有高活性、高纯度的重组人干扰素α2b纯品。     

重组人干扰素α2b栓剂稳定性研究

将重组人干扰素α2b栓剂在不同温度下保存不同时间,检验干扰素生物活性、溶出度试验、融变时限、pH值和微生物限度及外观的稳定性。重组人干扰素α2b栓剂在4~8℃条件下放置48个月;在20~25℃条件下放置24个月IFN生物活性未见下降,37℃放置4个月IFN生物活性未见下降。重组人干扰素α2b栓剂的生物学活性及理化性质有较好的稳定性。     

大型除菌过滤器在重组干扰素生产中的应用

为适应大规模生产的需要,用Millipore293型滤器取代常用的赛氏滤器对重组干扰素α1b及γ进行除菌过滤,此种大型滤器不仅滤膜面积大,而且单位面积过滤量也有明显增加,因此,过滤速度显著加快,可适应大规模生产的应用,用此二种滤器作除菌过滤对干扰素活性无影响,过滤制品前用2%白蛋白预滤可减少滤膜吸附干扰素作用,Millipore和赛氏滤器除菌过滤后热原质均能达到肌肉注射标准,且大部分能达到静脉注射标准,有个别制品用赛氏滤器过滤后热原质达至不到静脉注射标准者,用Millipore滤器复滤后,可以合格,上述结果表明用Milli-pore293型滤器制备重组干扰素α1b及γ是切实可行的。     

地高辛标记探针检测重组人干扰素β_(1b)中DNA残留量

为检测注射用重组人干扰素β1b半成品中外源性DNA残留量,以重组人干扰素β1b工程菌基因组DNA为模板,用地高辛标记探针,并以此探针进行点杂交。结果证明,该方法检测灵敏度较好,特异性较强,操作较安全简便,可用于重组人干扰素β1b制备过程中的质量监控及半成品的检定。     

人血清白蛋白和人干扰素α2b的融合蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达

为了延长IFNα2b在血浆中的半衰期,构建了编码HSA和hIFNα2b的融合基因并在毕赤酵母中获得高效表达,工程菌经5L发酵罐培养后获得的含融合蛋白的培养液经超滤浓缩、蓝色葡聚糖凝胶层析、疏水柱层析以及阴离子柱层析,融合蛋白的纯度达到95%以上。该融合蛋白能与干扰素抗体和人血清白蛋白抗体结合,并表现出与重组干扰素α2b相似的抗病毒活性。以猕猴为动物模型,分别从静脉和皮下单剂量给药,给药浓度为90μg/kg时,在336h后血浆中仍可检测到融合蛋白。其静脉注射的血浆半衰期为101h,皮下注射的半衰期为68.2h。皮下注射的生物利用度为67.9%。IFNα2b与HSA融合后,明显的延长了血浆半衰期,显现了其良好的临床应用前景。     

Treatment with natural human interferon alpha of a CML-patient with antibodies to recombinant interferon alpha-2b

A patient with Philadelphia-chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia developed interferon antibodies on treatment with recombinant interferon alpha-2b. Clinically this event corresponded with progressive disease. No cross-reactivity of antibodies with human leukocyte interferon was found by Western blot. Treatment was switched to human leukocyte interferon with an obvious clinical effect: WBC was reduced and platelet count stabilized, but the effect was transient and no hematologic remission was achieved. Human leukocyte interferon may be an alternative in CML-patients with neutralizing antibodies to recombinant interferon alpha.     

关于我国药典重组DNA技术产品总论的思考

自1982年全球第一个生物技术药物“基因重组人胰岛素”、1989年中国批准第一个生物技术药物“重组人干扰素α1b”上市以来,生物技术药物已成为制药业中发展最快、活力最强和技术含量最高的领域。药品的规范生产与质量控制与其安全有效性密切相关,欧美药典中均设有对此类药品质量控制的总体要求。《中国药典》2010版三部已收录包括12类共计34个品种的重组DNA技术产品各论,在进一步保障药品安全、提高质量控制水平的编制指导思想下,《中国药典》2015版拟纳入对重组DNA技术产品的总体要求,本文就相关起草工作从产品涉及范畴、制造与产品检定等方面进行阐述。     

Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in alpha interferon derived from in vitro culture of leukocytes of human origin.

In order to assure the virological safety of blood products, in addition to serological testing of individual donations and virus inactivation steps undertaken during manufacture, routine PCR testing for HCV RNA of starting materials (plasma, cells), intermediates or final product is necessary. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of HCV RNA positive batches of human native leukocyte interferon during large-scale production. Our findings indicate the presence of HCV RNA in 6.1% batches despite acidification of intermediates in order to inactivate Sendai virus.     

Purification techniques for human interferons

This article outlines the development and general status of present purification methods for human interferons. The isolation of each interferon species from natural sources is extremely difficult because of molecular characteristics, high losses of activity and the small amount of interferon protein present in production media. Few of the highly sophisticated methods meet the requirements for scale-up or give acceptable recoveries for a production process. The adaptation of purification procedures to the different interferon species is described, such as initial concentration, the extraction of beta interferon (IFN-β) by aqueous two-phase systems and the final purification of alpha interferon (IFN-α) and beta interferon to homogeneity. H.p.l.c. techniques are discussed in more detail together with problems in the purification of beta interferon and gamma interferon (IFN-γ). The range of interferon expression and excretion in recombinant microbial and animal cells is reviewed and different approaches for the solubilization and purification of intracellular recombinant interferons are described, which are covered mainly in patent applications.     

《中国药典》重组人干扰素注射剂质量标准浅析

本文剖析了现行版《中国药典》收载的重组人干扰素注射剂质量标准相关方法、检测限度和历史沿革;对比研究了与国外先进药典如欧洲药典的差距,包括相关物质、相关杂质分析、生物学活性测定结果的统计分析、比活性等方面;介绍了2015年版《中国药典》拟增修订主要内容,如增订报告基因法检测干扰素生物学活性、增订定量PCR法检测外源DNA残留量,加强"理化对照品"的管理,相关检定机构对国内生产企业的理化对照品进行了标定。本文还探讨了提高该类制品质量标准的主要方向。     

Epstein-Barr Virus BARF1 Protein Is Dispensable for B-Cell Transformation and Inhibits Alpha Interferon Secretion from Mononuclear Cells

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BARF1 gene encodes a soluble colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) receptor that neutralizes the effects of CSF-1 in vitro. To study the effect of BARF1 on EBV-induced transformation, we added recombinant BARF1 to B cells in the presence of EBV. BARF1 did not enhance transformation of B cells by EBV in vitro. To study the role of BARF1 in the context of EBV infection, we constructed a recombinant EBV mutant with a large deletion followed by stop codons in the BARF1 gene as well as a recombinant virus with a wild-type BARF1 gene. While BARF1 has previously been shown to act as an oncogene in several cell lines, the EBV BARF1 deletion mutant transformed B cells and initiated latent infection, and the B cells transformed with the BARF1 mutant virus induced tumors in SCID mice with an efficiency similar to that of the wild-type recombinant virus. Since human CSF-1 stimulates secretion of alpha interferon from mononuclear cells and BARF1 encodes a soluble CSF-1 receptor, we examined whether recombinant BARF1 or BARF1 derived from EBV-infected B cells could inhibit alpha interferon secretion. Recombinant BARF1 inhibited alpha interferon secretion by mononuclear cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The B cells transformed with mutant BARF1 EBV showed reduced inhibition of alpha interferon secretion by human mononuclear cells when compared with the B cells transformed with wild-type recombinant virus. These experiments indicate that BARF1 expressed from the EBV genome directly inhibits alpha interferon secretion, which may modulate the innate host response to the virus.     

Immobilization of mouse single-chain antibodies for affinity chromatography using the cellulose-binding protein

A laboratory method for obtaining immunoaffinity medium for chromatographic purification of recombinant human interferon alpha2b (IFN-alpha2b) is described. The method is based on oriented and non-covalent immobilization of recombinant antibody fragments on cellulose. The single-chain fragment variable (ScFv) against human IFN-alpha2b was genetically fused to cellulose-binding domain (CBD) from Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome and expressed in Escherichia coli. After the isolation of the target protein in functionally active form from bacteria cells its bioaffinity immobilization on several forms of cellulose powders has been carried out. The crystalline microgranular cellulose with immobilized ScFv-CBD-fusion protein was used as affinity medium to perform the purification of recombinant human IFN-alpha2b directly from clarified extract of E. coli cells.