慢病毒介导绿色荧光蛋白基因转染大鼠软骨细胞表达研究

目的:慢病毒载体是一种逆转录病毒载体,可将目的基因稳定整合入宿主基因组、感染非分裂期细胞,现已成为基因工程中转移目的基因的理想载体.软骨细胞可定向成软骨,是软骨基因工程中理想的靶细胞.本文以绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)基因作为报告基因,探讨慢病毒介导的GFP基因转染大鼠膝关节软骨细胞的最适病毒感染复数(multiplicity of infection,MOI)、转染效率,以及转染GFP后是否对关节软骨细胞增殖代谢活动产生影响,为下一步实验提供理论基础.方法:常规大鼠膝关节软骨细胞原代、传代培养,应用携带GFP基因的慢病毒载体转染软骨细胞.在软骨细胞培养状态最佳时,以不同MOI值(分别设定为10,20,50,100)进行慢病毒转染实验,96h后在荧光显微镜下观察GFP在软骨细胞中的表达情况,确定最佳MOI值,流式细胞术检测慢病毒转染效率,MTT法绘制生长曲线比较携带GFP基因的慢病毒对软骨细胞增殖能力的影响,以评价GFP慢病毒载体系统转染大鼠膝关节软骨细胞的高效性和稳定性.结果:置荧光显微镜下,转染96 h后,部分软骨细胞可见绿色荧光.其中当MOI=50时,慢病毒转染软骨细胞效率最高,且对软骨细胞生长状态无显著性影响,GFP阳性细胞率(转染效率)为90.1％,MTT法测生长曲线结果显示,与未转染GFP基因的对照组相比,慢病毒转染组对软骨细胞增殖活性没有显著影响(P＞0.05).结论:慢病毒介导的GFP基因转染大鼠膝关节软骨细胞的最适MOI值为50,携带GFP基因的慢病毒能高效转染大鼠膝关节软骨细胞并稳定表达,同时不影响其生物学特性,为将来应用慢病毒载体对大鼠软骨细胞进行基因改造提供了理论基础,也可作为可靠的转基因研究示踪方法,为进一步研究关节软骨疾病的治疗提供了有力依据.     

copGFP和PuroR双标记基因慢病毒融合表达载体的构建及应用*

目的: 构建具有绿色荧光蛋白(copGFP)和嘌呤霉素抗性基因(PuroR)融合表达双筛选标记的慢病毒过表达载体,检测其嘌呤霉素抗性和绿色荧光蛋白表达的特性。方法: 从pCDH-CMV-MCS-copGFP载体中扩增copGFP编码区DNA序列,从pLKO.1载体中扩增Puro^R编码区DNA序列,运用重组PCR方法,扩增copGFP与Puro^R基因融合编码序列并克隆至经BamH Ⅰ+Sal Ⅰ双酶切的pCDH-CMV-MCS-copGFP载体片段中,构建含copGFP和Puro^R融合表达双筛选标记的慢病毒过表达载体;载体的融合标签序列进行测序确证;将该载体用辅助包装质粒PLP1、PLP2、VSVG在293T细胞中包装成慢病毒后感染肝癌细胞MHCC97H,检测感染细胞对嘌呤霉素的抵抗作用以及绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况;为验证该载体表达外源目的基因的有效性,将Sp1编码区DNA序列插入该载体中包装成慢病毒,用对照及表达Sp1的慢病毒感染肝癌细胞MHCC97H,感染细胞经1 mg/ml嘌呤霉素筛选7 d后获得稳定感染细胞株,提取稳定感染细胞的总RNA及总蛋白,分别运用RT-qPCR和Western blot方法检测Sp1在对照及表达Sp1的慢病毒感染的肝癌MHCC97H细胞中的mRNA和蛋白表达水平的差异。结果: 成功构建含copGFP和Puro^R融合表达双筛选标记的慢病毒过表达载体;该载体与辅助质粒包装出的慢病毒感染肝癌细胞后,感染细胞同时具有嘌呤霉素抗性和表达绿色荧光蛋白特性;将Sp1编码序列插入该载体,包装慢病毒并肝癌细胞,Sp1 的mRNA水平对照细胞相比分别升高3.3倍,蛋白水平升高2.2倍(P＜0.01)。 结论: 成功构建含copGFP和Puro^R融合表达双筛选标记的慢病毒过表达载体,该载体编码的融合双标记基因具有嘌呤霉素抗性和绿色荧光蛋白表达的特性,可高水平表达长片段的目的基因。     

基于慢病毒系统的双荧光标记多功能自噬流监测系统建立与应用

目的:构建能够用于稳定动态监测细胞自噬流变化和过表达基因的红色荧光蛋白-绿色荧光蛋白-鼠源LC3融合慢病毒多功能表达载体(PCDH-Duo-mRFP-eGFP_(ph)-LC3_(rat),PCDH-Duo),并构建小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞Raw264. 7稳转株观察自噬流变化。方法:应用基于PCR精确合成mRFP-eGFP_(ph)-LC3_(rat)融合全基因,将其克隆至慢病毒表达载体PCDH-CMV-MCS-EF1a-GFP中,重组质粒经菌落PCR、酶切及测序分析正确无误后,包装慢病毒,转染Raw264. 7细胞,并利用流式分选术获取稳转株,经氯喹抑制自噬模型及Western blot鉴定eGFP蛋白表达确认其可靠性。结果:成功构建了PCDH-Duo重组慢病毒质粒,包被慢病毒并获得Raw264. 7稳定细胞系(Raw264. 7-PCDHDuo),可稳定表达双荧光蛋白,经3mmol/L氯喹作用6h后,能够稳定准确指示自噬流变化。结论:成功构建了基于慢病毒系统的双荧光标记多功能自噬流监测系统,为研究细胞自噬与编码基因及非编码基因之间的关系提供了方便有力的工具。     

Ratiometric-pericam-mt慢病毒的构建及其线粒体钙检测功能的验证

目的:基于由环状异构黄色荧光蛋白(Circularly Permuted EYFP)改造的具有线粒体定位功能的Ratiometric-pericam-mt(rp-mt)荧光蛋白构建携带有rp-mt基因的慢病毒载体,验证其在线粒体钙检测中的功能,为进一步研究线粒体钙稳态在细胞生命活动中发挥的作用提供参考依据。方法:采用慢病毒载体EF-1αF-puro和rp-mt质粒构建携带有rp-mt基因的重组慢病毒载体,经脂质体法在293T细胞中与包装质粒共转染,收集构建好的重组慢病毒EF-1αF-puro-rp-mt并体外感染人肝癌细胞SNU-739,验证重组慢病毒EF-1αF-puro-rp-mt的活性功能。结果:以慢病毒载体EF-1αF-puro为骨架质粒,成功构建了携带有rp-mt基因的重组慢病毒载体(EF-1αF-puro-rp-mt),收集获得的重组慢病毒滴度为4×10~6TU/m L。将携带有rp-mt基因的慢病毒EF-1αF-puro-rp-mt感染SNU-739细胞48小时后,在荧光显微镜下观察到有超过85%的细胞发出绿色荧光,定位于细胞线粒体内,且对SNU-739细胞进行Ru360和CGP37157处理后,细胞荧光强度随线粒体内钙水平改变而增强或减弱。结论:采用脂质体包装法成功构建了携带有rp-mt基因的重组慢病毒EF-1αF-puro-rp-mt,细胞经该慢病毒转染后可稳定表达具有线粒体定位功能的荧光蛋白rp-mt,准确地检测细胞线粒体钙离子水平。     

Nr4a2过表达慢病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的:构建含Nr4a2基因的绿色荧光慢病毒载体,并检测其体外表达目的基因的水平。方法:设计Nr4a2基因的引物,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增,插入经AgeⅠ/AgeⅠ酶切的GV287慢病毒载体构建GV287-Nr4a2慢病毒质粒。PCR鉴定、测序验证后,将其与pHelper1.0载体、pHelper2.0载体共同转染293T细胞(人胚肾细胞),48小时后收集含慢病毒颗粒的细胞上清液,经浓缩并测定滴度后感染293T细胞,72h后观察增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)的表达。结果:酶切及测序鉴定证实成功构建了重组慢病毒载体GV287-Nr4a2;荧光显微镜下可见绿色荧光高度表达;Nr4a2蛋白能在293T细胞中有效表达;包装过表达慢病毒并测其浓缩滴度为2.0×108TU/ML。结论:成功构建Nr4a2慢病毒载体且在293T细胞中良好表达,为进一步转染大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,基因治疗帕金森病奠定基础。     

表达CCRSDelta32基因对人外周血单核细胞增殖功能的影响

目的:在人外周血单核细胞(PBMC)内表达CCR5Delta32基因,研究是否对该细胞增殖功能产生影响.方法:构建pLenti-CCRSDelta32慢病毒载体,包装后产生重组慢病毒,将其转染PBMC,荧光显微镜观察转染情况,Western blot鉴定目的蛋白的表达;分别用植物血凝素(PHA)及破伤风类毒素(TTD)刺激培养经转染的靶细胞,采用M1tr比色法测定其增殖功能是否受影响.结果:构建了pLenti-CCRSDelta32慢病毒载体,经包装后产生重组慢病毒,滴度约为5×106TU/mL.将其转染PBMC,观察到约半数PBMC胞浆内有绿色荧光蛋白表达,经Westem blot进一步鉴定为目的蛋白;转染的靶细胞经PHA或TTD刺激培养后,有着与正常PBMC相似的增殖功能.结论:构建了重组慢病毒并将其转染PBMC靶细胞,为获得性免疫缺陷综合征的基因治疗研究奠定了基础.     

慢病毒介导SRB-1 受体基因沉默对人脑小胶质细胞吞噬Aβ蛋白能力的影响

目的:利用慢病毒载体筛选人脑小胶质细胞(HM1900)清道夫受体SRB1基因敲减稳定细胞系,检测该细胞系对AD致病蛋白Aβ的吞噬水平变化。方法:采用反转录PCR确认人脑小胶质细胞(HM1900)SRB1(Gene ID:949)基因表达情况,利用软件设计三组不同序列的针对人SRB1基因的慢病毒sh RNA干扰载体,包装为慢病毒感染HM1900细胞,实时荧光定量PCR检测各慢病毒干扰载体的靶基因干扰效率。选用干扰效果最佳的RNA干扰慢病毒筛选并获得SRB1基因敲减细胞系,稳定传代后用realtime-PCR检测SRB1受体表达下调情况。通过蛋白内吞实验测定基因敲减后该细胞系对病理蛋白Aβ的吞噬能力,与正常小胶质细胞进行比较。结果:利用筛选出的干扰载体完成对HM1900细胞系的SRB1基因敲减,荧光定量PCR检测显示SRB1基因在靶细胞HM1900中表达抑制率达83.7%。蛋白内吞实验显示该基因敲减细胞系对病理蛋白Aβ的吞噬能力下降到对照组的57%(P0.05)。结论:通过慢病毒载体成功建立SRB1基因稳定敲减的人脑小胶质细胞系,SRB1受体参与了小胶质细胞对病理蛋白Aβ的吞噬及清除过程。     

表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白标记的hBax 和hHGF 双基因的慢病毒 载体构建

目的:构建绿色荧光蛋白标记的hBax和hHGF双基因共表达的重组慢病毒并鉴定。方法:通过重叠PCR技术构建attB1-K-hBAX/T2A/eGFP/P2A/hHGF-attB2基因片段,利用gateway technology构建慢病毒载体质粒pLV.EX2d.null-EF1A>hBAX/T2A/eGFP/P2A/hHGF和阴性对照质粒pLV.EX2d.null-EF1A>eGFP并测序,上述两种质粒分别与辅助质粒共转染293FT细胞包装病毒,荧光显微镜检测病毒滴度。结果:经鉴定慢病毒载体质粒构建正确,荧光显微镜检测hBax和hHGF共表达慢病毒滴度为7.8×107TU/mL,仅表达绿色荧光蛋白的阴性病毒滴度为9×107TU/mL。结论:表达增强型绿色荧光蛋白标记的hBax和hHGF双基因的慢病毒构建成功并获得高滴度的病毒感染液。     

多顺反子慢病毒载体介导编码基因在人胚胎干细胞中的表达

人胚胎干细胞的基因修饰对于干细胞在体外的调控及促进干细胞在治疗方面的应用具有很高价值.探讨了以艾滋病病毒-1为基础的慢病毒栽体转导人胚胎干细胞,表达2种或3种转移基因的可行性和功效.应用脑心肌炎病毒的内部核糖体进入住点(IRFS)序列和/或口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)裂解因子2A构建双顺反子和三顺反子慢病毒载体,绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)和O<'6>-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA-甲基转移酶作为检测基因.抗嘌呤基因(嘌呤-N-甲基转移酶;PAC)作为选择基因,转染人胚胎干细胞后经过嘌呤选择.通过流式细胞技术和蛋白印迹杂交方法检测eGFP和MGMT的表达.多基因慢病毒载体可以同时将2或3个基因转移到人胚胎干细胞.多顺反子慢病毒栽体转导人胚胎干细胞后经过嘌呤选择,可以使转移基因高效、均匀的表达,在人胚胎干细胞的基础和应用研究方面具有重要意义.     

细胞内表达的小干扰RNA靶向丙肝病毒5′保守区的研究

将丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)基因组的5′非编码区(5′UTR)插入到报告基因绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)和荧光素酶(luciferase)的上游,并构建基于Ⅲ型启动子的表达载体,这种载体能产生针对HCV 5′UTR的小干扰RNA。然后将含有HCV 5′UTR的eGFP/luciferase和能产生小干扰RNA的质粒共转染入Hela细胞,通过测定细胞发出的荧光和化学发光强弱来观测抑制效果。实验结果表明,与HCV 5′UTR特异性小干扰RNA表达质粒共转染的细胞无论从定性还是从定量上所测得的荧光和化学发光强度都明显低于阴性对照,且细胞密度经核染色与对照组无明显区别。这揭示了小干扰RNA确实能引起HCV特异基因如5′UTR的沉默,且转染进去的小干扰RNA表达质粒对细胞没有毒害作用。这一工作是通过载体直接在细胞内表达小干扰RNA(siRNA)而不是化学合成的,可以使小干扰RNA在细胞内得到稳定表达,因此本研究设计的siRNA表达载体不仅可以有效沉默HCV 5′UTR,而且该系统可以灵敏地筛选更有效的针对HCV的siRNA,因而这一结果为研究利用RNA干扰进行基因治疗HCV感染做了初步探索。     

Infectious Bronchitis Virus as a Vector for the Expression of Heterologous Genes

The avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of the respiratory disease infectious bronchitis of domestic fowl, and is controlled by routine vaccination. To explore the potential use of IBV as a vaccine vector a reverse genetics system was utilised to generate infectious recombinant IBVs (rIBVs) expressing the reporter genes enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) or humanised Renilla luciferase (hRluc). Infectious rIBVs were obtained following the replacement of Gene 5 or the intergenic region (IR) with eGFP or hRluc, or the replacement of ORFs 3a and 3b with hRluc. The replacement of Gene 5 with an IBV codon-optimised version of the hRluc gene also resulted in successful rescue of infectious rIBV. Reporter gene expression was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy, or luciferase activity assays, for all successfully rescued rIBVs following infection of primary chick kidney (CK) cells. The genetic stability of rIBVs was analysed by serial passage on CK cells. Recombinant IBV stability varied depending on the genome region being replaced, with the reporter genes maintained up to at least passage 8 (P8) following replacement of Gene 5, P7 for replacement of the IR and P5 for replacement of ORFs 3a and 3b. Codon-optimisation of the hRluc gene, when replacing Gene 5, resulted in an increase in genome stability, with hRluc expression stable up to P10 compared to P8 for standard hRluc. Repeated passaging of rIBVs expressing hRluc at an MOI of 0.01 demonstrated an increase in stability, with hRluc expression stable up to at least P12 following the replacement of Gene 5. This study has demonstrated that heterologous genes can be incorporated into, and expressed from a range of IBV genome locations and that replacement of accessory Gene 5 offers a promising target for realising the potential of IBV as a vaccine vector for other avian pathogens.     

里氏木霉分泌型表达载体的构建及绿色荧光蛋白的表达

【目的】构建里氏木霉分泌型表达载体,通过表达绿色荧光蛋白论证载体的可行性并初步观察绿色荧光蛋白在里氏木霉中的分泌过程。【方法】应用PCR及分子克隆技术将里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)纤维二糖水解酶(CBH1)的启动子及CBH1自身信号肽、终止子和潮霉素筛选基因依次插入骨架质粒pUC19中,构建出T.reesei表达载体Ppth15。将增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)基因装载入Ppth15中,获得eGFP表达载体Ppth15-eGFP。再将Ppth15-eGFP转化进T.reesei原生质体,通过潮霉素抗性筛选、基因组PCR检测等方法鉴定,获得阳性重组转化子。【结果】用PDA培养基培养阳性转化子2-3 d后,可在菌丝顶端、隔膜及培养基中清晰地观察到大量绿色荧光。【结论】表达载体构建成功且能够用于eGFP的表达,实验为进一步研究T.reesei表达其他基因提供了有效工具,同时为T.reesei胞外蛋白分泌的研究提供了参考。     

Transgene expression in zebrafish: A comparison of retroviral-vector and DNA-injection approaches.

To assess alternative methods for introducing expressing transgenes into the germ line of zebrafish, transgenic fish that express a nuclear-targeted, enhanced, green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene were produced using both pseudotyped retroviral vector infection and DNA microinjection of embryos. Germ-line transgenic founders were identified and the embryonic progeny of these founders were evaluated for the extent and pattern of eGFP expression. To compare the two modes of transgenesis, both vectors used the Xenopus translational elongation factor 1-alpha enhancer/promoter regulatory cassette. Several transgenic founder fish which transferred eGFP expression to their progeny were identified. The gene expression patterns are described and compared for the two modes of gene transfer. Transient expression of eGFP was detected 1 day after introducing the transgenes via either DNA microinjection or retroviral vector infection. In both cases of gene transfer, transgenic females produced eGFP-positive progeny even before the zygotic genome was turned on. Therefore, GFP was being provided by the oocyte before fertilization. A transgenic female revealed eGFP expression in her ovarian follicles. The qualitative patterns of gene expression in the transgenic progeny embryos after zygotic induction of gene expression were similar and independent of the mode of transgenesis. The appearance of newly synthesized GFP is detectable within 5-7 h after fertilization. The variability of the extent of eGFP expression from transgenic founder to transgenic founder was wider for the DNA-injection transgenics than for the retroviral vector-produced transgenics. The ability to provide expressing germ-line transgenic progeny via retroviral vector infection provides both an alternative mode of transgenesis for zebrafish work and a possible means of easily assessing the insertional mutagenesis frequency of retroviral vector infection of zebrafish embryos. However, because of the transfer of GFP from oocyte to embryo, the stability of GFP may create problems of analysis in embryos which develop as quickly as those of zebrafish.     

Targeting Neurons of Rat Nucleus Tractus Solitarii with the Gene Transfer Vector Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 to Up-Regulate Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has distinct advantages over other viral vectors in delivering genes of interest to the brain. AAV mainly transfects neurons, produces no toxicity or inflammatory responses, and yields long-term transgene expression. In this study, we first tested the hypothesis that AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) selectively transfects neurons but not glial cells in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) by examining expression of the reporter gene, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), in the rat NTS after unilateral microinjection of AAV2eGFP into NTS. Expression of eGFP was observed in 1–2 cells in the NTS 1 day after injection. The number of transduced cells and the intensity of eGFP fluorescence increased from day 1 to day 28 and decreased on day 60. The majority (92.9 ± 7.0%) of eGFP expressing NTS cells contained immunoreactivity for the neuronal marker, protein gene product 9.5, but not that for the glial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein. We observed eGFP expressing neurons and fibers in the nodose ganglia (NG) both ipsilateral and contralateral to the injection. In addition, eGFP expressing fibers were present in both ipsilateral and contralateral nucleus ambiguus (NA), caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Having established that AAV2 was able to transduce a gene into NTS neurons, we constructed AAV2 vectors that contained cDNA for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and examined nNOS expression in the rat NTS after injection of this vector into the area. Results from RT-PCR, Western analysis, and immunofluorescent histochemistry indicated that nNOS expression was elevated in rat NTS that had been injected with AAV2nNOS vectors. Therefore, we conclude that AAV2 is an effective viral vector in chronically transducing NTS neurons and that AAV2nNOS can be used as a specific gene transfer tool to study the role of nNOS in CNS neurons.     

CRISPR/Cas9介导的外源基因靶向插入鸡EAV-HP基因组

本研究旨在通过CRISPR/Cas9介导外源基因靶向插入鸡EAV-HP基因组。首先设计特异性引物并扩增鸡内源性病毒(EAV-HP)左右同源臂和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)基因表达盒,然后通过重叠延伸PCR技术将两个同源臂DNA连接至eGFP表达盒两侧,获得全长DNA片段LER,并克隆至pMD19-T载体,获得携带eGFP基因的供体载体pMDT-LER。随后在HEK293T细胞中验证供体载体pMDT-LER能成功表达eGFP后,将EAV-HP打靶载体和供体载体共转染至DF-1细胞,观察绿色荧光阳性细胞,提取细胞基因组,PCR检测外源基因eGFP成功整合至鸡基因组EAV-HP位点。最后,将转基因细胞DF-1传至第7代,用PCR和Western blotting检测eGFP在转基因细胞中稳定表达。文中初步验证外源基因eGFP能整合至鸡EAV-HP位点并稳定表达,为转基因鸡的研究提供新整合位点。     

Exploring transgene transfer from the transgenic chicken model to its offspring through a nonviral vector

There is much interest in using chickens as “bioreactors” to produce large quantities of biopharmaceuticals. However, transient expression of foreign genes have been known to cause low efficiency of obtaining transgenic offspring, especially when using nonviral vectors. In present study, a transgenic chicken model was investigated to determine whether an exogenous gene can be expressed stably and transferred to its offspring through a matrix attachment region (MAR)-mediated non-viral vector using the eGFP marker gene. The eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-MAR, which contains the eGFP gene and MAR, was constructed and transfected into a chicken stage-X blastoderm to produce a G0 generation of transgenic chickens. The hatchabilities of different injection regions were tested; 18 of the 40 eggs injected with pEGFPN1- MAR in the area opaca hatched after 21 days of incubation, and had a hatchability rate of 45%. By contrast, eggs injected at the area pellucida did not hatch. Results from the fluorescence signal detection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) verified that four hatched chicks from the G0 generation expressed the eGFP gene. Furthermore, fluorescence signal detection results indicated that 2 of the 65 chicks from the G1 generation expressed the eGFP gene. We conclude that MAR facilitates the production of transgenic chickens; pEGFP-N1-MAR application is a novel approach that can produce transgenic chicken offspring.     

膜锚定Gaussia萤光素酶的细胞标记及生物荧光成像

目的:制备表达膜锚定Gaussia萤光素酶(extGluc)报告基因的慢病毒,用于标记细胞。方法:将报告基因extGluc克隆至慢病毒载体pCCsin.PPT.SFFV.IRES.eGFP.Wpre(VeGFP)中,以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)介导,将慢病毒包装所需4种质粒(pVeGFP-extGLuc、pMDL、pRev、pVSVG),转染293FT细胞,72 h后收集病毒上清进行浓缩,感染293FT细胞,并用流式细胞仪检测病毒滴度,生物荧光成像和化学发光分析extGluc的表达;之后,用收集的慢病毒感染人单核细胞白血病细胞株U937。结果:对经PCR筛选出的阳性克隆所含质粒进行酶切鉴定,表明extGlu报告基因插入载体中;重组慢病毒包装成功且病毒滴度为5×106 TU/mL;用包装的病毒颗粒感染293FT细胞,生物荧光成像和化学发光证实extGluc的膜定位,且酶活性与细胞数目呈线性相关;病毒颗粒能够感染悬浮细胞U937。结论:包装了extGluc标记的重组慢病毒,可用于标记细胞,为体内监测细胞迁移、聚集和变化提供了一种方法。     

Optimisations and Challenges Involved in the Creation of Various Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Influenza A Virus Strains for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

Bioluminescent and fluorescent influenza A viruses offer new opportunities to study influenza virus replication, tropism and pathogenesis. To date, several influenza A reporter viruses have been described. These strategies typically focused on a single reporter gene (either bioluminescent or fluorescent) in a single virus backbone. However, whilst bioluminescence is suited to in vivo imaging, fluorescent viruses are more appropriate for microscopy. Therefore, the idea l reporter virus varies depending on the experiment in question, and it is important that any reporter virus strategy can be adapted accordingly. Herein, a strategy was developed to create five different reporter viruses in a single virus backbone. Specifically, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), far-red fluorescent protein (fRFP), near-infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP), Gaussia luciferase (gLUC) and firefly luciferase (fLUC) were inserted into the PA gene segment of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1). This study provides a comprehensive characterisation of the effects of different reporter genes on influenza virus replication and reporter activity. In vivo reporter gene expression, in lung tissues, was only detected for eGFP, fRFP and gLUC expressing viruses. In vitro, the eGFP-expressing virus displayed the best reporter stability and could be used for correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM). This strategy was then used to create eGFP-expressing viruses consisting entirely of pandemic H1N1, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and H7N9. The HPAI H5N1 eGFP-expressing virus infected mice and reporter gene expression was detected, in lung tissues, in vivo. Thus, this study provides new tools and insights for the creation of bioluminescent and fluorescent influenza A reporter viruses.