棉铃虫颗粒体病毒增效蛋白基因5''''端截短片段的表达及增效活性测定

将带有棉铃虫颗粒体病毒增效蛋白(HaGV enhancin)基因的重组表达载体pET-30a-En分别用Bal Ⅰ和Dra Ⅰ酶切后连接,构建重组表达载体pET-30a-Ben和pET-30a-Den,其外源基因的开放阅读框分别为HaGV增效蛋白基因5'端的1.7kb和2.2kb.IPTG诱导表达产生66.7kD和85.1kD的多肽并命名为Ben和Den.初步纯化的Ben和Den显示了对棉铃虫核多角体病毒(HaNPV)及Bt的增效活性.Ben可对棉铃虫核多角体病毒增效10.5%～26.5%,LT50缩短0.9d,Den增效10.2%～33.0%,LT50缩短1.2d～1.9d.重组增效蛋白可对Bt(12500稀释)增效20.7%～35.4%,Den增效16.7%～31.5%,Ben增效¨.7%～27.4%.这为进一步研制抗虫工程菌打下了良好的基础.     

粉纹夜蛾颗粒体病毒增效基因3'端2.5 kb片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

将粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni颗粒体病毒增效基因3'端2.5 kb片段插入pQE-31中构建了重组表达载体pQE/enhancin,转化大肠杆菌M15(pREP₄)在IPTG诱导下成功表达出分子量约为96 kD的融合蛋白并命名为P96。初步纯化的P96显示了明显的增效活性,可提高棉铃虫核型多角体病毒对棉铃虫3龄幼虫感染死亡率27.40%～34.50%,缩短LT₅₀ 1.9天以上。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒与化学杀虫剂和卵磷脂混用的增效作用

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(HaNPV)分别与三氟氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、灭净菊酯、灭多威、辛硫磷、甲基对硫磷和乙酰甲胺磷等化学杀虫剂混合饲喂棉铃虫幼虫,统计致死中浓度LC₅₀,计算增效比,测定虫体内与抗性有关的三种重要酶：多功能氧化酶(MFO)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活性。研究大豆卵磷脂对HaNPV致病性的影响。结果表明：HaNPV与化学杀虫剂混合饲喂抗性棉铃虫,生测统计增效比均大于1.0,特别是病毒与甲基对硫磷混用,增效比更是达到3.53,表现出良好的增效作用。混剂感染抗性棉铃虫,虫体内MFO的活性比化学杀虫剂单用时降低3～12倍,CarE和AChE的活性也比化学杀虫剂单用时低,HaNPV明显抑制了化学杀虫剂对MFO和CarE的诱导作用。HaNPV与大豆卵磷脂混用,提高了HaNPV对棉铃虫的感染致死率,缩短了致死中时间(LT₅₀)。     

中国棉铃虫核型多角体病毒VHA273原毒株及其克隆株的比较研究

本文从形态结构、生物活性、核酸限制性内切酶图谱、结构多肽等方面对中国棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(HaNPV)VHA_(273)多粒包埋型原毒株及其单粒包埋型克隆株H_9进行了比较研究。它们对中国棉铃虫三龄初幼虫的LC_(50)值分别为2.987×10~4 PIBs/mL和1.647×10~4 PIBs/mL;当感染剂量为2×10~7 PIBs/mL时,其LT_(50)值分别是4.866d和4.797d。两个毒株的生物活性差别不大。经SDS-PAGE分析,两毒株结构多肽图谱带型相差较大。两毒株基因组经EcoR Ⅰ,BamH Ⅰ,Hind Ⅲ和Xba Ⅰ消化后,得到的内切酶图谱表现为两毒株间有差别。这些差异的发现将有助于从分子水平揭示多粒包埋病毒和单粒包埋病毒形成原因。     

棉铃虫颗粒体病毒增效蛋白基因5′端截短片段的表达及增效活性测定

将带有棉铃虫颗粒体病毒增效蛋白 (HaGVenhancin)基因的重组表达载体 pET 30a En分别用BalⅠ和DraⅠ酶切后连接 ,构建重组表达载体pET 30a Ben和 pET 30a Den ,其外源基因的开放阅读框分别为HaGV增效蛋白基因 5′端的 1 7kb和 2 2kb。IPTG诱导表达产生 66 7kD和 85 1kD的多肽并命名为Ben和Den。初步纯化的Ben和Den显示了对棉铃虫核多角体病毒 (HaNPV)及Bt的增效活性。Ben可对棉铃虫核多角体病毒增效 1 0 5%～2 6 5% ,LT50 缩短 0 9d ,Den增效 1 0 2 %～ 33 0 % ,LT50 缩短 1 2d～ 1 9d。重组增效蛋白可对Bt(1∶2 50 0稀释 )增效 2 0 7%～ 35 4% ,Den增效 1 6 7%～ 31 5% ,Ben增效 1 1 7%～2 7 4%。这为进一步研制抗虫工程菌打下了良好的基础     

含生物型增效剂棉铃虫病毒悬浮剂的应用效果研究

本文报道含生物型增效剂棉铃虫核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaNPV)悬浮剂对害虫的防治效果及其对天敌数量的影响.作者筛选灭幼脲类似物作为棉铃虫核多角体病毒的生物型增效剂,HaNPV+4.2ppm氟啶脲(chlorfluazuron)感染3龄初棉铃虫幼虫,感染幼虫的半致死时间(LT50)为2.24d,比单用HaNPV感染幼虫的LT50缩短2.66d.含生物型增效剂的棉铃虫核多角体病毒悬浮剂在田间应用,施药后5d,对2代和4代棉铃虫的防治效果分别为81.4%~85.2%和70.7%~82.6%,施药后7d,对2代和4代的防治效果分别为85.2%~86.3%和69.6%~82.9%.棉铃虫病毒悬浮剂中的生物型增效剂对天敌数量仅有轻微影响.含生物型增效剂棉铃虫核多角体病毒悬浮剂不仅能有效控制害虫,而且对天敌有很好的保护作用.     

含生物型增效剂棉铃虫病毒悬浮剂的应用效果研究

本文报道含生物型增效剂棉铃虫核多角体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus,HaNPV)悬浮剂对害虫的防治效果及其对天敌数量的影响。作者筛选灭幼脲类似物作为棉铃虫核多角体病毒的生物型增效剂,HaNPV 4．2ppm氟啶脲(chlorfluazuron)感染3龄初棉铃虫幼虫,感染幼虫的半致死时间(LT50)为2．24d,比单用HaNPV感染幼虫的LT50缩短2．66d。含生物型增效剂的棉铃虫核多角体病毒悬浮剂在田间应用,施药后5d,对2代和4代棉铃虫的防治效果分别为81．4％-85．2％和70．7％-82．6％,施药后7d,对2代和4代的防治效果分别为85．2％-86．3％和69．6％-82．9％。棉铃虫病毒悬浮剂中的生物型增效剂对天敌数量仅有轻微影响。含生物型增效剂棉铃虫核多角体病毒悬浮剂不仅能有效控制害虫,而且对天敌有很好的保护作用。     

混合感染后杆状病毒间的增效作用——病毒蛋白及核酸的初步分析

AsNPV+HasNPV、AsNPV+HaNPV、AsNPV+PsNPV分别感染烟青虫、棉铃虫和粘虫幼虫,对分离到的核型多角体病毒(AsNPV+HasNPV)-Helicoverpa assulta、(AsNPV+HaNPV)- H.Armigera和(AsNPV+PsNPV)-Pseudaletia separata,经电镜观察,多角体蛋白及病毒粒子蛋白SDS-PAGE电泳,病毒核酸的限制性内切酶酶解分析等研究,证明各病毒的多角体形态不规则,大小差异极大,病毒粒子为杆状,(AsNPV+HasNPV)-H.Assulta 和(AsNPV+HaNPV)-H.Armigcra病毒粒子有单粒和多粒包埋类型, (AsNPV+PsNPV)-P.Separata为多粒包埋型。各病毒的多角体蛋白基本上只有一种多肽,分子量为25 000道尔顿左右。(AsNPV+HasNPV)-H.Assulta、(AsNPV+HaNPV)-H.armigera和(AsNPV+PsNPV)-P.Separata的病毒粒子分别有10、14、5条多肽,分子量大小在13 500～98 000,13 000～88 000,18 500～52 000道尔顿之间。病毒核酸经EcoRI,HindIII,HindIII+BamHI酶解,其DNA的酶切位点,大小及DNA的总分子量与AsNPV和原寄主的Has-NPV,HaNPV和PsNPVDNA的酶切图谱存在一定差异,混合病毒侵染昆虫后新复制的病毒核酸发生一定的变化,从而导致病毒蛋白和病毒形态的变化。混合感染后AsNPV对Has-NPV、HaNPV和PsNPV的侵染有明显的增效作用,其机理有待深入研究。     

棉铃虫颗粒体病毒增效蛋白基因2.6kb片段的表达

以棉铃虫颗粒体病毒(Helicoverpa armigera granulosis virus,简称HaGV)基因组的DNA为模板设计引物,PCR扩增病毒增效蛋白(Enhanicn)基因,然后经BamHI/Pst I双酶切消化,得到近乎全长的约2.6kb的增效蛋白基因片段,再与pQE32质粒连接,构建了重组表达载体pQE2/En,转化大肠杆菌M15(pREP4),在IPTG诱导下表达出分子量约为102kD的融合蛋白并命名为P102,纯化的P102包涵体显示了明显的增效活性,在感染后168h时统计可提高HaNPV对棉铃虫幼虫的感染死亡率6.25%～27.09%,缩短LT5012.3h以上;在感染后72h时统计可提高Bt对棉铃虫幼虫的感染死亡率28.18%,缩短LT5o12.33h.     

中国棉铃虫核型多角体病毒VHA273原毒株及其克隆株的比较研究

本文从形态结构、生物活性、核酸限制性内切酶图谱、结构多肽等方面对中国棉铃虫核型多角体病毒(HaNPV)VHA273多粒包埋型原毒株及其单粒包埋型克隆株H9进行了比较研究.它们对中国棉铃虫三龄初幼虫的LC5o值分别为2.987×104PIBs/mL和1.647×104PIBs/mL当感染剂量为2×107PIBs/mL时,其LT5o值分别是4.866d和4.797d.两个毒株的生物活性差别不大.经SDS-PAGE分析,两毒株结构多肽图谱带型相差较大.两毒株基因组经EcoR Ⅰ,BamH Ⅰ,Hind Ⅲ和Xba Ⅰ消化后,得到的内切酶图谱表现为两毒株间有差别.这些差异的发现将有助于从分子水平揭示多粒包埋病毒和单粒包埋病毒形成原因.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.