蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤血管内皮细胞IL-8、VCAM-1、MIP-1α表达的影响

目的观察蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤血管内皮细胞IL-8、VCAM-1、MIP-1α表达的影响。方法根据课题组前期实验方法制备蛇伤胶囊兔含药血清及复制竹叶青蛇伤细胞模型,设空白组(KB组)、模型组(MX组)和低、中、高浓度蛇伤胶囊药液治疗组(DY组、ZY组、GY组)5组,每组10个样本。在细胞实验中,KB组加入10%正常兔血清培养,MX组在KB组的基础上加入5μg/ml竹叶青蛇毒液培养,DY组、ZY组和GY组在MX组基础上培养6h后分别加入5%、10%和15%的含中药兔血清继续培养。各组分别培养72h后,收集细胞培养液,以酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养液中的IL-8、VCAM-1、MIP-1α含量。结果MX组的IL-8、VCAM-1及MIP-1α水平相对KB组均显著升高(均P0.01),蛇伤胶囊药液治疗组IL-8、VCAM-1及MIP-1α水平相对MX组均不同程度降低,其中ZY组变化有统计学意义(P0.01或P0.05)。结论蛇伤胶囊可通过降低IL-8、VCAM-1及MIP-1α表达治疗竹叶青蛇伤所致血管内皮炎症反应。     

中西医结合治疗326例竹叶青蛇伤患者的疗效观察

目的观察中西医结合治疗竹叶青蛇咬伤的疗效。方法对326例竹叶青蛇伤患者采用口服蛇伤胶囊、三草汤,外用三黄散,穴位放血,结合西医治疗。结果 326例中,治愈293例（占89.88%）,显效28例（占8.59%）,有效3例（占0.92%）,无效2例（占0.61%）,总有效率99.39%。结论口服蛇伤胶囊、三草汤,外用三黄散,穴位放血,结合西医治疗能提高治愈率,是救治竹叶青蛇伤有效的方法。     

滑鼠蛇的人工孵化及幼蛇的饲养

滑鼠蛇又称水南蛇、水律蛇,无毒。滑鼠蛇在食用和药用上都有较高的价值,因此,滑鼠蛇的人工养殖业具有良好的发展前景。为促进滑鼠蛇养殖业发展,谨就本人对滑鼠蛇的人工孵化与幼蛇的饲养方面的体会作简单介绍如下。     

蛇伤胶囊治疗黄蜂蜇伤临床疗效观察

目的观察蛇伤胶囊治疗黄蜂蜇伤的临床疗效。方法将321例黄蜂蜇伤患者随机分为两组,对照组158例采用局部处理、抗感染、注射破伤风抗毒素、应用糖皮质激素、保护胃黏膜、改善细胞代谢及对症处理等治疗;治疗组163例在对照组治疗的基础上加用蛇伤胶囊治疗。比较两组患者治疗前、后的中医证候积分,并进行临床疗效评价。结果治疗前两组患者的中医证候积分无显著差异（P〉0．05）,治疗后两组患者中医证候积分差值比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;两组的临床疗效比较差异显著（P〈0．05）。结论蛇伤胶囊可以改善黄蜂蜇伤患者的临床症状,提高临床疗效。     

负压封闭引流技术治疗蛇伤骨筋膜室综合征体会

目的观察负压封闭引流(vacuum sealing drainage,VSD)技术治疗蛇伤骨筋膜室综合征的临床疗效。方法对我院2014年1月始应用VSD技术治疗蛇伤骨筋膜室综合征患者17例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 13例沿筋膜纵轴方向充分切开减压,4例行多筋膜间隔联合大切口减压。17例患者均出现不同程度的局部组织坏死,5例出现遗留功能障碍,无创面感染及截肢病例。结论封闭负压引流技术可减少蛇咬伤毒素吸收,降低感染、坏死几率,改善患者临床症状,有效防止蛇伤骨筋膜室综合征的发展。     

蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤患者血小板及凝血时间的影响

目的研究中药蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤患者凝血障碍的机制。方法将70例竹叶青蛇伤(均符合火毒证诊断标准)患者按SPSS统计软件产生随机数分为治疗组和对照组各35例。两组基础治疗方法均为伤口消毒处理,肌注破伤风抗毒素1500u,使用常规量抗生素,给予地塞米松10mg、奥美拉唑40mg等。对照组在基础治疗上口服季德胜蛇药片10片,每天3次;治疗组在基础治疗上口服蛇伤胶囊5粒,每天3次。两组疗程均为1周。观察两组治疗前后血小板计数(PLT)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板分布宽度(PDW)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶时间(TT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)水平。结果治疗前,两组TT、PT、APTT、FIB、PLT、MPV、PDW比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05);治疗后,治疗组FIB、PLT、MPV、PDW升高值(差值)高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),而且治疗组TT、PT、APTT下降值(差值)高于对照组(P0.01)。结论蛇伤胶囊具有减少凝血因子消耗、抗纤溶、改善血小板及其止血功能而治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的作用。     

纯蛇粉胶囊中乌梢蛇的薄层层析鉴别

目的用薄层层析和紫外分析方法对纯蛇粉胶囊中所含的乌梢蛇成分进行分析鉴别。方法以中药乌梢蛇作为对照品,以硅胶Ｇ铺板,在丙酮、乙醇、氨水和正丁醇、乙醇、氨水２个系统中分别展开,后置于紫外２５４ｎｍ下检视,同法作空白试验。结果在同一薄层色谱中,和对照品相同的位置上,显清晰分离很好的４个斑点,其中２个斑点呈强烈的荧光。空白阴性对照品无此斑点。结论该方法具有定性检查的鉴别意义,为制定纯蛇粉胶囊质量标准提供了实验方法和依据。     

蛇伤胶囊对竹叶青蛇伤t-PA、PAI-1和AT-Ⅲ的影响

目的研究蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的机制。方法根据前期实验复制竹叶青蛇伤的动物及细胞模型,均设置空白组(KB),模型组(MX),低、中、高剂量蛇伤胶囊药液组(DY、ZY、GY),共5组,每组10个样本。在动物实验中,KB组经兔右后腿皮下注射0.75ml/kg生理盐水,6h后灌胃10ml/kg生理盐水。MX、DY、ZY和GY组经兔右后腿皮下注射0.75ml/kg竹叶青蛇毒液,6h后分别灌胃10ml/kg生理盐水和10ml/kg低、中、高剂量蛇伤胶囊药液。各组均每日灌胃1次,连续灌胃1周。于末次灌胃后24h经耳缘静脉采血,分离血清。在细胞实验中,KB组加入10%正常兔血清培养,MX组在KB组的基础上加入5μg/ml竹叶青蛇毒液培养,DY、ZY、GY组在MX组基础上培养6h后分别加入5%、10%、15%的含中药兔血清继续培养,各组分别培养72h后,收集细胞培养液。以酶联免疫吸附法检测兔血清及细胞培养液中组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tissue plasminogen activator,t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(plasminogen activator inhibitor-1,PAI-1)和抗凝血酶-Ⅲ(Antithrombin-Ⅲ,AT-Ⅲ)水平。结果 MX组的AT-Ⅲ和t-PA水平相对KB组均显著升高(P0.01),PAI-1水平较KB组显著降低(细胞实验中,P0.05;动物实验中,P0.01);DY、ZY和GY组的AT-Ⅲ及t-PA水平相对MX组均明显降低(动物实验:ZY组t-PA和DY组AT-Ⅲ,均P0.05;细胞实验:ZY组AT-Ⅲ,P0.05;其余均P0.01),DY、ZY和GY组的PAI-1水平较MX组明显升高(P0.01)。结论蛇伤胶囊具有促凝和抗纤溶、改善机体凝血功能的作用,是蛇伤胶囊治疗竹叶青蛇伤凝血障碍的部分机制。     

介绍一种墙式养蛇技术

介绍一种墙式养蛇技术一、选场。选择在座北朝南的山坡地建场为佳,一般饲养２０００—３０００条蛇需占地２０００平方米左右。二、建窝。围场要求用水泥砖石结构,墙高２米左右,墙内面应用水泥抹光滑,墙脚用水泥灌注深入土中０．５—１米处,场内应设有可供蛇栖息的蛇...     

采用蛭蛇通络胶囊治疗脑梗死恢复期的效果评价

目的:分析评价采用蛭蛇通络胶囊治疗脑梗死恢复期的临床应用效果。方法:选取在我院接受治疗的70例脑梗死恢复期患者,根据患者的入院顺序进行随机分组,分为观察组和对照组,每组均为35例患者,采用脑梗死常规治疗方法对对照组患者进行治疗,观察组采用蛭蛇通络胶囊进行治疗,比较两组的临床疗效。结果:治疗后,观察组与对照组患者的功能独立性评定量表(FIM)评分均较治疗前出现明显改善,两组的FIM评分改善程度相比,观察组明显高于对照组(P0.05);观察组的治疗总有效率为94.3%,明显高于对照组的71.4%(P0.05)。结论:针对脑梗死恢复期患者采用蛭蛇通络胶囊进行治疗,具有显著的临床疗效,能够使患者的神经缺损以及运动功能得到有效改善,值得临床推广使用。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.