土壤中甲螨孳生与铬污染相关性研究

目的 :探讨土壤中甲螨孳生的种群数量与土壤铬污染之间的相互关系。方法 :于某大型化工厂周围土壤 10 m、1km、10 km及远郊农田土壤设立采样点 ,各采集 5 0份样本 ,每份样本采集 (10× 10× 10 )cm3的土壤 ,置 Tullgren电热分螨器中分离甲螨 ,计算甲螨在不同环境中的密度、丰度、优势属 ;同时用原子吸收光谱法分别测定化工厂周围土壤及远郊农田土壤样本中的铬含量。结果 :化工厂周围土壤总体甲螨的密度、丰度和优势度分别为 1975 7(131.71± 2 8.34)个 / m2、131.7个 /样本、嗜草甲螨、门罗点肋甲螨 ,远郊农田土壤甲螨的密度、丰度和优势度分别为 984 5 (6 5 .6 3± 18.36 )个 / m2、6 5 .6 3个 /样本、滑菌甲螨、嗜草甲螨、被盖头甲螨、棒菌甲螨、新小奥甲螨、普通尖棱甲螨 ,两者相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。化工厂周围土壤及远郊农田土壤总体铬浓度分别为 (0 .2 5± 0 .0 7) mg/ kg、(0 .0 8± 0 .0 2 ) m g/ kg,两者相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。化工厂周围土壤 10 m、1km、10 km、处甲螨的密度分别为 16 4 89(32 9.78± 31.2 2 )个 / m2、2 2 5 7(45 .14± 9.4 5 )个 / m2 、10 11(2 0 .0± 3.33)个 / m2 ,化工厂周围土壤样本的甲螨密度较高 ,与远效农田土壤相比 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论     

猎物对巴氏钝绥螨生长发育和繁殖的影响

在(25±1)℃、90%RH以上、无光照实验条件下,以腐食酪螨和刺足根螨为猎物,研究了巴氏钝绥螨的生长发育和繁殖情况。结果表明,以腐食酪螨幼螨为猎物,巴氏钝绥螨可正常发育和繁殖,雌、雄成螨寿命分别为(34.250±1.361)和(23.950±1.606)d;以刺足根螨为猎物时,无法发育到成螨;成螨寿命明显缩短,雌、雄分别为(7.300±0.619)和(6.567±0.609)d,显著短于捕食腐食酪螨的巴氏钝绥螨,而且雌螨不能产卵。     

毒死蜱亚致死剂量对朱砂叶螨实验种群动态的影响

采用Jackknife统计推断技术和生存分析Wilcoxon (Gehan)技术,对寄主为桑树的朱砂叶螨种群水平上的亚致死效应进行了研究.结果表明, 在30 ℃±1 ℃、RH (70±15)%、16L∶8D条件下,朱砂叶螨卵受毒死蜱亚致死剂量LC₃₅处理后,雌成螨寿命、子代卵孵化率、性比与对照组无显著差异,而处理组每雌总产卵量(42.37±2.270)显著低于对照组(52.50±2433);处理组内禀增长率(0.3279±0.0033)显著低于对照组(0.3717±0.0043)     

马麝生理生化正常值的测定

对甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区人工养麝场的马麝 3项临床指标、6项血液生理指标和 1 3项血清生化指标进行了测定。结果表明 ,成麝体温为 ( 39 94± 0 87)℃ ,呼吸 ( 1 2 4 67± 1 7 2 9)次 min ,心率( 1 2 4 67± 1 7 2 9)次 min;红细胞 ( 2 0 1 9± 4 95 )× 1 0 12 L ,白细胞计数 ( 1 2 4 76± 5 4 96)× 1 0 9 L ,PCV 0 5 78±0 0 3;血糖 ( 8 2 64± 2 0 5 6)mmol L ,K( 4 4 85± 0 2 4 3)mmol L ,Na ( 1 38 2± 1 6 64)mmol L ,Ca ( 2 75 8± 0 31 )mmol L ,总蛋白 ( 74 70 5± 8 1 5 9)g L ,白蛋白 ( 5 2 77± 2 2 32 )g L ,球蛋白 ( 2 1 4 8± 7 2 76)g L等。     

老年性便秘肠道菌群的微生态学研究

目的 :了解老年性便秘患者肠道菌群构成特点。方法 :通过活菌定量培养计数法 ,动态观察 30例老年性便秘患者粪菌群的变化规律 ,并与 32例健康老年人比较。结果 :老年性便秘组每克粪便的活菌数(x± s)分别为 :大肠埃希菌 9.90± 1.4 9,肠球菌 7.81± 2 .6 8,乳酸杆菌 7.2 7± 1.0 1,双歧杆菌 6 .6 8± 1.2 9,类杆菌 6 .92± 0 .91,梭杆菌 10 .0 5± 1.2 1。老年健康组每克粪便各类活菌数 (x± s)分别是 :大肠埃希菌8.6 1± 2 .2 9,肠球菌 7.5 4± 2 .5 2 ,乳酸杆菌 8.2 2± 0 .6 3,双歧杆菌 9.86± 0 .4 4 ,类杆菌 9.4 1± 0 .35 ,梭杆菌7.73± 1.32。两组比较 ,老年性便秘组肠杆菌显著增高 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,梭杆菌非常显著性增高 (P<0 .0 1) ;类杆菌和双歧杆菌非常显著性减低 (均 P<0 .0 1) ;乳酸杆菌显著性减低 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :老年性便秘病人肠道菌群正常结构的生态平衡受到破坏 ,主要表现在以双歧杆菌为主的有益菌数量非常显著性减低 ,腐败梭菌等条件致病菌数量呈非常显著性或显著性增高。     

枸杞瘿螨姬小蜂的生物学特性

枸杞瘿螨姬小蜂Cirrospilus eniophyesiYang(新种)是枸杞瘿螨Aceria pallidaKeifer的重要天敌,以幼虫在虫瘿内取食枸杞瘿螨的成虫和若虫。在(25±1)℃下,该蜂完成1个世代需16~21d。成虫寿命及产卵量与补充营养有关,取食10%蜂蜜水的雌虫寿命为(6.94±0.67)d,雄虫为(5.14±0.49)d。不进行补充营养的雌雄成虫寿命分别为(1.96±0.27)d和(1.06±0.29)d;补充10%蜂蜜水和水可显著提高产卵量,每雌平均产卵量分别为(29.13±6.12)粒和(23.14±3.16)粒,产卵高峰期在羽化后的第2天。成虫羽化时间多集中在6:00~8:00am和4:00~6:00pm,羽化当天即可交尾。枸杞瘿螨姬小蜂自然种群消长与寄主虫口密度相关,在6月底7月初寄生率达到83.3%。     

自发性高血压大鼠心肌胶原与血管紧张素Ⅱ的关系

目的　观察成年 (16周龄 )自发性高血压大鼠 (spontaneouslyhypertensiverat,SHR)与同龄对照组 (WKY)大鼠之间细胞外基质成分的差异及血管紧张素Ⅱ (AngiotensinⅡ ,AngⅡ )在SHR大鼠左室肥厚形成过程的作用。方法　用尾袖法间接测定大鼠血压 ;检测左心室组织及血浆中的血管紧张素转化酶 (angiotensinconvertingenzyme ,ACE)活性 (紫外分光光度法 ) ;放免法测定左室心肌AngⅡ含量。免疫组化测定左室心肌胶原含量 ,用3H -Proline掺入量测定体外培养心肌成纤维细胞 (cardiacfibroblast,CFB)胶原的合成率。结果　 (1) 16周龄SHR大鼠血压明显高于对照组 (WKY)大鼠 ,分别为 (2 7.6 3± 2 .6 7)kPa和 (16 39± 0 54)kPa ,P <0 .0 5;(2 )SHR大鼠左室心肌AngⅡ含量明显高于WKY组 ,分别为 (2 6 6± 75)pg/ 10 0mg和 (134± 4 1)pg/ 10 0mg ,P <0 .0 5;(3)左室重量 (Leftventricalarmass,LVM)SHR明显高于WKY组 ,分别为 (10 14.3± 6 2 .1)mg和 (895.7± 86 .4 )mg ,P <0 .0 5;(4 )心体比 (Letventricrlarmass/bodyeight,LVM/BW )SHR明显高于WKY组 ,分别为 (3.4 4± 0 .15)mg/g和 (2 .17± 0 .11)mg/g ,P <0 .0 5;(5)体外细胞培养的心肌成纤维细胞3H -Proline掺入量随着AngⅡ浓度升高而增加 ,1μmol/L的AngⅡ使SH     

溃疡性结肠炎患者肠黏膜菌群改变及抗体反应

目的 :探讨溃疡性结肠炎患者肠道菌群改变及机体免疫反应。方法 :采用梯度稀释法进行菌群分析 ,同时采用透射比浊法测定IgG、IgM、IgA。 结果 :发现服用培菲康的溃疡性结肠炎患者急性期菌群与正常人相比 ,肠杆菌 (8 82± 0 6 9,P <0 0 5 )、肠球菌 (7 73± 0 2 1,P <0 0 1)及小梭菌 (6 6 8± 0 78,P <0 0 1)的数量显著增加 ,而双歧杆菌 (6 89± 0 34,P <0 0 1)和乳杆菌 (6 95± 0 5 2 ,P <0 0 1)的数量明显下降 ,且缓解期与对照相比差异无显著性。拟杆菌 (7 2 6± 0 0 3,P <0 0 5 )及双歧杆菌 (7 5 9± 0 34,P <0 0 1)较急性期明显上升 ,小梭菌 (6 13± 0 6 6 ,P <0 0 1)明显下降。未服用培菲康的溃疡性结肠炎患者急性期菌群中服药前后差异无显著性。治疗前肠杆菌 (8 77± 0 89,P <0 0 1)和肠球菌 (7 75± 0 38,P <0 0 1) ,小俊菌 (6 6 4± 0 4 3,P <0 0 1)明显增加 ,而双歧杆菌 (6 98± 0 2 5 ,P <0 0 1)和乳杆菌 (6 83±0 6 2 ,P <0 0 1)明显下降。治疗后肠杆菌 (8 93± 0 6 0 ,P <0 0 1) ,肠球菌 (7 6 1± 0 39) ,小梭菌 (6 6 8±0 72 ) ,有所下降 ,双歧杆菌 (7 12± 0 35 )和乳酸杆菌 (6 6 8± 0 72 )有所上升 ,但治疗前后差异无显著性。从两组用药前后的     

Carvedilol对大鼠实验性缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡的影响

研究 Carvedilol对缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡及 Bcl- 2、Bax蛋白表达的影响 ,探讨 Carvedilol抑制心肌细胞凋亡的可能机制。结扎 Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支 (L AD) ,建立大鼠缺血再灌注动物模型。采用末端标记原位细胞凋亡法检测心肌凋亡细胞 ,并利用光学显微镜进行细胞计数 ;免疫组化法检测 Bcl- 2和 Bax蛋白表达 ,并利用图象分析系统检测二者的平均光密度值 ,进行定量分析。结果显示手术组心肌细胞凋亡数为 37.5 3± 9.2 2个 /视野 ,假手术组 0 .18± 0 .91个 /视野 ,治疗组为 7.6 3± 4.0 5个 /视野。各组间有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;手术组 Bcl- 2蛋白平均光密度值为 0 .14± 0 .0 1,假手术组为 0 .0 9± 0 .0 2 ,治疗组为 0 .14± 0 .0 2 ,手术组和治疗组与假手术组相比均有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,治疗组与手术组相比无显著差异(P>0 .0 5 ) ;手术组 Bax蛋白平均光密度值为 0 .10± 0 .0 2 ,假手术组为 0 .0 6± 0 .0 1,治疗组为 0 .0 7± 0 .0 1,手术组与治疗组、假手术组相比有显著差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,治疗组与假手术组相比无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。结果表明 Carvedilol有显著抗缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡作用 ,其作用机制可能与抑制 Bax基因的蛋白表达 ,使 Bcl- 2基因表达的蛋白功能相对增强 ,Bcl- 2     

腐食酪螨有效积温的研究

腐食酪螨 Tyrophagus putrescentiae(Schrank) ,是世界性仓储物品和食用菌重要害螨 ,也是人体皮炎、体内螨病及螨性过敏的主要病原。本文研究了该螨的有效积温。经测定 ,腐食酪螨全世代的发育始点为 8.38± 1.5 1℃ ,有效积温为 2 2 1.72日度 ;卵、幼螨、第一若螨和第二若螨的发育始点分别为 10 .4 7± 2 .31℃、8.0 9± 2 .36℃、9.0 9± 1.16℃和 10 .5 9± 1.73℃ ,有效积温分别为 4 1.79日度、5 8.0 6日度、36 .2 7日度和 39.5 3日度。     

家庭致敏螨类概述

近年来,随着人们生活水平日益提高,变态反应性疾病的发病率在全世界范围内呈不断上升趋势,受到人们的日益重视,其中家庭螨类是最主要的过敏原之一。本文对蜱螨、家庭螨类的组成及可导致人体过敏性疾病的种类作了简要介绍,并编制了家庭螨类常见目、亚目和科及麦食螨科Pyroglyphidae物种成螨检索表。此外,本文结合变态反应性疾病的相关医学知识及对未来主要研究方向的展望,为螨过敏性疾病的流行病学调查及防治提供了一定的参考价值。     

Dampness,mites and respiratory allergy

Summary This paper reviews the relationships between humidity, house-dust mites and respiratory allergy. In vitro relationship between relative humidity and house-dust mite growth are quite clear cut. In real conditions also, there is a significant association between relative humidity and the presence of live mites. The relevance of house-dust mites for respiratory allergy lies on clinical, physiopathological and mostly on epidemiological data. The latter demonstrate a correlation between exposure to mites and risk of sensitization and development of overt allergic diseases. Lastly, humidity of dwellings is linked to respiratory allergy. These results should lead to building safer dwellings for allergic subjects, or modifying existing dwellings. In this respect, emphasis should be put on a proper ventilation rate and also a proper behaviour of inhabitants in order to minimize humidity production.     

Clinical significance of dust mite allergens

Dust mites are an important cause of allergic diseases worldwide. The traces of Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus can be found all over the world, while Blomia tropicalis are more common allergenic mites in tropical areas. A variety of allergenic components in dust mites have been found, apart from the different positive rates of IgE reactions in dust mite allergic patients, their biological characteristics, effects on the innate immune system, and especially their distribution characteristics in patients are different. Studying the relationship between dust mite allergens and clinical significance will help for diagnosis of patients and formulation of corresponding Allergen Specific Immunotherapy.

     

Ecological data on house dust mites in the city of Semipalatinsk

Distribution of mites of the genus Dermatophagoides in flats of allergic patients depending on the type of the building structure, relative air humidity and season of the year was studied. The mites are most frequently encountered in houses of wood or adobe with high air humidity. Autumn is an optimum season for reproduction of mites.     

House-dust-mite allergens: A review

The house-dust mites,Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pheronyssinus andEuroglyphus maynei are cosmopolitan inhabitants of the homes of humans worldwide. These mites are the sources of multiple potent allergens that trigger allergic reactions in house-dust-mite-sensitive individuals. Many laboratories using widely varied mite materials and allergic sera, and biochemical and immunological assays, have isolated and characterized, to varying degrees, some of the allergens produced by these mites. The resulting large body of literature is difficult to interpret and relate. This review briefly summarizes the progress made in isolating and characterizing mite-derived antigens and allergens, the relationship between antigens isolated in different laboratories, and the patients' reactivity to these allergens. A brief summary of the allergic reaction and the role of IgE are provided as background.     

Delayed hypersensitivity to house dust-storage mites Thyrophagus putrescentiae in experimental allergic dermatoses]

House dust mites and storage mites proved to be one of the main allergens causing hypersensitivity in atopic dermatitis in allergic patients. The authors reproduced experimental allergic dermatosis on the model of delayed type hypersensitivity in guinea pigs, caused by sensitization to the allergen from the mite's bodies Tyrophagus putrescentiae--species having wide distribution in the country. The results characteristic for T-cell type hypersensitivity have been obtained: delayed positive skin tests after 24 hours, typical histomorphological picture (strong allergic alteration, epidermis desquamation, vasculitis, dermis T-cell infiltration and spongiosis--Waksman's syndrome). It is concluded that side by side with humoral IgE-mediated reaction there is strong delayed T-cell hypersensitivity to the storage mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae.     

盐城地区未成年过敏性疾病患者吸入性过敏原IgE检测结果分析

摘要 目的：通过研究分析盐城地区未成年过敏性疾病患者吸入性过敏原特异性IgE检测结果分布变化特点,为过敏性疾病预防和临床诊疗提供科学依据。方法：自2020年1月至2021年3月期间,选择430例未成年(<18岁)过敏性疾病患者,血清检测方法采用欧蒙公司生产的过敏原特异性IgE检测试剂盒。结果：430例患者中,血清过敏原IgE阳性166例(38.60%),其中尘螨和屋尘是主要的吸入性过敏原。血清IgE阳性率男性39%,女性36% (P>0.05),中学组女性阳性率（61.11 %）高于男性（45.83 %）（P<0.05）。不同年龄组间IgE阳性率有统计学差异（P<0.05）,蟑螂、尘螨、霉菌、豚草、屋尘和年龄组间有统计学差异（P<0.05）。不同临床症状与IgE阳性率有统计学差异(P<0.05),其中呼吸道过敏症状组IgE阳性率最高（48.30 %）,不同症状组间主要过敏原都是尘螨。屋尘阳性患者均合并尘螨阳性,其中70.93 %的患者表现出了呼吸道过敏症状。结论：尘螨、屋尘是盐城地区未成年过敏性疾病患者最主要的吸入性过敏原,研究血清过敏原分布,对未成年人过敏性疾病的预防、诊疗具有重要意义。     

尘螨过敏原的交叉反应性

尘螨是最主要的室内过敏原之一,随着社会生活的现代化,人们对室内居住环境的要求越来越高,由于环境因素而引起的一些过敏性疾病越来越受到人们的关注。本文主要综述了近几年来尘螨过敏原与其他多种螨类、软体动物（蜗牛）和甲壳类动物（虾）以及昆虫（蟑螂、衣鱼、摇蚊、石蚕蛾）等过敏原之间的交叉反应性,对临床过敏性疾病的诊断具有参考价值。     

The fauna, number and spatial distribution of mites (Acari) in house dust in Moscow

There is a wide and strong allergenic background in Moscow, which is determined by relatively high population density and regular frequency of the allergenic mites in various premises. 34 species have been identified, 5 of them are allergen producers. The mites of the family Pyroglyphidae are the main component of the house dust fauna. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae distributed all over the world are predominate. A comparative evaluation of the fauna structure, numbers and frequency of the allergenic mites in the flat dust of the allergic patients and healthy people as well as premises is given. Possible importance of the premises in prevalence and circulation of the allergenic mites in the modern town is estimated for the first time.     

The detection of house dust mites in the apartments of children with allergic diseases

The acarological study of house dust in 239 apartments of children with different allergic diseases (bronchial asthma, rhinosinusitis, atopic dermatitis) developing as the result of indoor sensitization has been carried out. The significant difference between the occurrence of house-dust mites in apartments inhabited by healthy and sick children has been established. The occurrence of mites and their number have been found to affect the symptoms of an allergic disease and its exacerbation.