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1.
[目的]为获得应用于二代测序的高质量16S r DNA V3区PCR产物。[方法]以从人体粪便中提取微生物总DNA为模板,通过梯度PCR和touchdown PCR技术确定了循环条件,并通过调整反应体系中的相关浓度参数以使扩增结果得到优化。[结果]最终确定的循环条件为预变性95℃3 min,变性95℃30 s,退火69℃~62℃每个循环退火温度降0.5℃,退火时间30 s,延伸72℃60 s,共15个循环;变性95℃30 s,退火62℃30 s,延伸72℃60 s,共15个循环,最后72℃延伸5 min。反应体系为:在50μL体系中DNA模板量10~25 ng,pfu酶0.25~0.5 U,正反向引物均为0.06~0.1μmol/L,d NTPs浓度0.2~0.4 mmol/L,Mg2+浓度2~2.5 mmol/L。[结论]梯度PCR与touchdown PCR相结合可快速确定最佳的退火温度以及循环条件,通过调整反应体系中浓度参数可以解决扩增中一些问题。  相似文献   

2.
基因工程     
910674 通过向小样品高效热转移法减少DNA扩增过程所需时间[英]/Witter,C.T.…//Anal.Biochem.-1990,186(2).-328~331[译自DBA,1990,9(15),90-08579]讨论了在PCR过程中利用空气循环体系对变性、退火及延伸阶段进行快速(几秒种)温度循环.由样品区出来的空气  相似文献   

3.
以永瓣藤基因组DNA为模板,通过单因子、双因子实验研究了ISSR反应体系中主要成分(Mg2 、dNTP、引物、模板DNA、TaqDNA聚合酶)以及热循环参数(退火温度、循环数、变性时间、退火时间、延伸时间)对扩增结果的影响,并找出各自的最适条件,建立了适合永瓣藤ISSR分析的反应体系和扩增程序,即在25 μL反应体系中,内含1×PCR buffer、1.5 mmol/L Mg2 、200 μmol/L dNTP、0.5 μmol/L引物、50 ng 模板、2 U TaqDNA聚合酶.扩增程序为94 ℃预变性5 min,然后进行35个循环:94 ℃变性30 s,复性1 min,72 ℃延伸1 min,循环结束后72 ℃延伸7 min.这一优化系统的建立为今后利用ISSR标记技术进行永瓣藤鉴定及种质遗传多样性分析提供了一个标准化程序.  相似文献   

4.
对13个韦塔桉种源的RAPD反应条件,即PCR反应体系、PCR扩增条件等因素进行了研究。结果表明,最佳PCR体系为:DNA模板为10.0μL、双蒸水4.0μL、10×缓冲液2.0μL、25mMMgCl21.5μL、10mMdNTPs0.35μL、0.1μM引物2.0μ1、5UTaqDNA聚合酶0.15μL。最佳PCR扩增条件为:92℃预变性2min,1个循环;92℃变性1min,36℃退火1min,72℃延伸2min,共35个循环;72℃延伸5min,1个循环。  相似文献   

5.
双退火温度PCR扩增DNA   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
【目的】与设置单一退火温度的常规PCR(S-T_m PCR)不同,本研究探讨双退火温度PCR(D-T_m PCR)由高到低设置2条引物各自退火温度。【方法】以PxF61和VPel为正/反向引物,用Q5 DNA聚合酶扩增4.3 kb的模式DNA pET20b-Xyn(黑曲霉木聚糖酶基因)。PCR程序为:98°C预变性3 min,30次循环{98°C变性30 s,设置双退火[T_(m1) 70°C(Px F61)退火15 s、T_(m2) 62°C(VPel)退火15 s],72°C延伸130 s}。【结果】与S-T_m PCR(61°C)相比,D-T_m PCR扩增4.3 kb的目的条带亮度更高,减少2条杂带;经25次循环目的 DNA产物量最高。D-T_m PCR用于长片段引物扩增5.3 kb重组质粒DNA条带更明显。【结论】D-T_m PCR直接扩增目的条带,避免了探讨T_m的麻烦,不要求2条引物T_m相近,从理论上更加清晰地认识引物与各自模板分步退火过程。  相似文献   

6.
草鱼TRAP-PCR反应体系的建立   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的:通过优化草鱼TRAP-PCR反应体系,将新型分子标记-靶位区域扩增多态性(target region amplified polymorphism,TRAP)引用到草鱼遗传多样性研究中。方法:以草鱼DNA为材料,分析了模板DNA、Mg2 、dNTPs、引物浓度,以及循环参数、退火温度对TRAP-PCR扩增结果的影响。结果:确立了稳定性强、重复性好的草鱼TRAP-PCR最佳反应体系和扩增参数:在25μl的PCR反应体系中,含约50ng模板DNA,1UTaq酶,1×PCR缓冲液,2.0mmol/L MgCl2,4种dNTPs各0.2mmol/L,固定引物与随机引物各15pmol;首先使模板在94℃变性3min;然后94℃变性1min,38℃退火1min,72℃延伸lmin进行5个循环;接着94℃变性45s,55℃退火45s,72℃延伸lmin再进行35个循环,最后72℃延伸7min。结论:TRAP-PCR反应体系稳定可靠,该新型分子标记可应用于草鱼遗传多样性研究中。  相似文献   

7.
聚合酶链反应(PCR)对未知序列DNA的扩增技术   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
种康  谭克辉 《植物生理学通讯》1993,29(2):116-118,123
聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR)是由引物介导,在体外将特异性DNA序列利用酶促作用进行扩增的方法。双链DNA热变性,然后在低温下与引物退火,再在中等温度下进行延伸,三步为一循环。一般经30~35次循环,很容易将目的基因或DNA片段特异地扩增至少10~6~10~7倍。它已是分子生物学研究中常用的、不可缺少的一项基本技术。但常规PCR需在待扩增的已知序列两端分别设计两个寡核苷酸引物,也就  相似文献   

8.
快速PCR研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
PCR是最常用的分子生物学技术之一,通过变性、退火和延伸的循环来完成核酸分子的大量扩增。快速PCR就是基于普通PCR的工作原理,在保证PCR反应特异性、灵敏性、保真度的前提下,在更短时间内完成对核酸分子的扩增。近年来已经开展了许多有关方面的研究工作。本文将以DNA聚合酶的改进、添加剂的选择、热循环仪改进为重点内容,综述快速PCR技术的研究进展。  相似文献   

9.
影响多重PCR扩增效果的因素   总被引:66,自引:0,他引:66  
不同循环参数、PCR缓冲液及反应体积的对比实验表明,循环参数中退火温度和时间、延伸时间及PCR缓冲液的成分影响多重PCR的扩增效果,而反应体积、循环次数对其扩增效果影响较小。  相似文献   

10.
于华会  杨志玲  杨旭  谭梓峰  舒枭 《生态学杂志》2009,28(12):2444-2451
以厚朴DNA为模板,利用正交试验分别对影响厚朴ISSR-PCR反应的Taq酶浓度、dNTP浓度、引物浓度、Mg~(2+)浓度、模板DNA浓度进行了优化,并通过梯度PCR确定不同引物的最佳退火温度和循环次数,最终确定厚朴最佳反应体系及扩增条件为:25μl 体系,其中包括1.5 mmol·L~(-1) MgCl_2,0.3 μmol·L~(-1)引物,0.04 U·μl~(-1)Taq 酶,0.2 mmol·L~(-1) dNTP,4 ng·μl~(-1)模板DNA,1 × Buffer;扩增程序:94℃预变性5 min,94℃变性30 s,50℃~60℃(退火温度随引物不同而定)退火45 s,72℃延伸90 s,共40个循环,然后72℃延伸8 min,4℃终止反应.此外,还利用优化的反应体系成功筛选出21条ISSR引物,并利用部分引物对厚朴个体进行了遗传多样性分析.  相似文献   

11.
Five thermal factors, including initial denaturation temperature, cycling denaturation temperature, annealing temperature, extension temperature and the temperature at which the intensity of the fluorescent signal is read, were evaluated for their effects on the detection of Vibrio vulnificus via real-time PCR. Fluorescent signal detection after extension was set between the Tm value of the primer-dimers (79 degrees C) and that of the PCR target amplicons (84 degrees C). This effectively eliminated the overestimation of the yield of PCR amplicons due to the presence of primer-dimers which otherwise led to erroneously lower Ct values (1.91+/-0.22 cycles lower). The annealing and extension steps were combined to convert a three-step PCR to a two-step PCR. This consisted of initial denaturation at 95 degrees C for 3 min, cycling denaturation at 94 degrees C for 15 s and a combined annealing and extension step at 60 degrees C for 5 s in each PCR cycle. One genomic target per real-time PCR reaction was detected with the simplified two-step PCR.  相似文献   

12.
采用正交设计L9(34)对影响葡萄ISSR-PCR反应体系的4个因素(dNTP、TaqDNA聚合酶、引物、模板DNA)在3个浓度水平上进行试验,并通过直观分析初步确定其反应体系;在此基础上,通过单因素试验探讨了dNTP、TaqDNA聚合酶、引物、模板DNA、退火温度及循环次数等因素或条件对葡萄ISSR-PCR扩增结果的影响,确定最佳反应水平。最终建立了葡萄ISSR-PCR扩增的最佳反应体系:在25μL的反应体系中,dNTP浓度0.2 mmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶的用量0.5 U,引物浓度0.4mmol/L,DNA模板用量40 ng。反应程序:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性1 min,52℃退火1 min,72℃延伸1 min 30 s,40次循环;最后72℃延伸10 min,10℃保存。  相似文献   

13.
Rapid-cycle PCR uses fast temperature transitions and minimal denaturation and annealing times of "0" s to complete 30 cycles in 10 to 30 min. The most popular platform amplifies samples in glass capillaries arranged around a carousel with circulating air for temperature control. Recently, plastic capillary replacements for glass capillaries became available. We compared the performance of plastic and glass capillaries for rapid-cycle PCR. Heat transfer into plastic capillaries was slowed by thicker walls, lower thermal conductivity, and a lower surface area-to-volume ratio than glass capillaries. Whereas the denaturation and annealing target temperatures were reached by samples in glass capillaries, samples in plastic capillaries fell short of these target temperatures by 6 degrees -7 degrees C. Rapid-cycle PCR was performed on two human genomic targets (APOE and ACVRL1) and one plasmid (pBR322) to amplify fragments of 225-300 bp in length with melting temperatures of 90.3 degrees -93.1 degrees C. Real-time amplification data, end-point melting curves, and end-point gel analysis revealed strong, specific amplification of samples in glass and complete amplification failure in plastic. Only the APOE target was successfully amplified by extending the denaturation and annealing times to 5 or 10 s. A 20 s holding period was necessary to reach target temperatures in plastic capillaries.  相似文献   

14.
We have developed a novel method for rapid and empirical mapping of the protein interaction domain using a unique and atypical PCR-based amplification and a conventional yeast two-hybrid system. The modified PCR, designated as PASA-PCR, enables preferential amplification of the shortest amplicon from a complex expression library. PASA-PCR consists of reiterative cycles of denaturation of template DNAs and extremely abbreviated annealing/extension of primers to prevent their complete extension in a single cycle, followed by conventional amplification cycles. In PASA-PCR, the shortest (ranging from 400 to 1000 bp) amplicon is amplified almost exclusively from templates of various amplicon sizes. In addition, the frequency of in vitro recombination can be increased using low cooling rates (<0.5 degrees C/s) between the denaturation and annealing/extension steps, which was helpful in generating precisely trimmed protein-coding regions. Identification of Spc19-binding region of Spc34, which is a component of yeast's spindle pole body, was achieved by a combination of the yeast two-hybrid system and PASA-PCR.  相似文献   

15.
Several real-time PCR (rtPCR) quantification techniques are currently used to determine the expression levels of individual genes from rtPCR data in the form of fluorescence intensities. In most of these quantification techniques, it is assumed that the efficiency of rtPCR is constant. Our analysis of rtPCR data shows, however, that even during the exponential phase of rtPCR, the efficiency of the reaction is not constant, but is instead a function of cycle number. In order to understand better the mechanisms belying this behavior, we have developed a mathematical model of the annealing and extension phases of the PCR process. Using the model, we can simulate the PCR process over a series of reaction cycles. The model thus allows us to predict the efficiency of rtPCR at any cycle number, given a set of initial conditions and parameter values, which can mostly be estimated from biophysical data. The model predicts a precipitous decrease in cycle efficiency when the product concentration reaches a sufficient level for template-template re-annealing to compete with primer-template annealing; this behavior is consistent with available experimental data. The quantitative understanding of rtPCR provided by this model can allow us to develop more accurate methods to quantify gene expression levels from rtPCR data.  相似文献   

16.
In the attempt to explore complex bacterial communities of environmental samples, primers hybridizing to phylogenetically highly conserved regions of 16S rRNA genes are widely used, but differential amplification is a recognized problem. The biases associated with preferential amplification of multitemplate PCR were investigated using 'universal' bacteria-specific primers, focusing on the effect of primer mismatch, annealing temperature and PCR cycle number. The distortion of the template-to-product ratio was measured using predefined template mixtures and environmental samples by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. When a 1 : 1 genomic DNA template mixture of two strains was used, primer mismatches inherent in the 63F primer presented a serious bias, showing preferential amplification of the template containing the perfectly matching sequence. The extent of the preferential amplification showed an almost exponential relation with increasing annealing temperature from 47 to 61 degrees C. No negative effect of the various annealing temperatures was observed with the 27F primer, with no mismatches with the target sequences. The number of PCR cycles had little influence on the template-to-product ratios. As a result of additional tests on environmental samples, the use of a low annealing temperature is recommended in order to significantly reduce preferential amplification while maintaining the specificity of PCR.  相似文献   

17.
PCR has been extensively used for amplification of DNA sequences. We conducted a study to obtain the best amplification conditions for cytochrome b (Cyt b), cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and 12S rRNA (12S) gene fragments of Malayan gaur mtDNA. DNA from seven Malayan gaur samples were extracted for PCR amplification. Various trials and combinations were tested to determine the best conditions of PCR mixture and profile to obtain the best PCR products for sequencing purposes. Four selected target factors for enhancing PCR, annealing temperature, concentration of primer pairs, amount of Taq polymerase, and PCR cycle duration, were optimized by keeping the amount of DNA template (50 ng/μL) and concentration of PCR buffer (1X), MgCl(2) (2.5 mM) and dNTP mixture (200 μM each) constant. All genes were successfully amplified, giving the correct fragment lengths, as assigned for both forward and reverse primers. The optimal conditions were determined to be: 0.1 μM primers for Cyt b and COI, 0.3 μM primers for 12S, 1 U Taq polymerase for all genes, 30 s of both denaturation and annealing cycles for Cyt b, 1 min of both stages for 12S and COI and annealing temperature of 58.4 ° C for Cyt b, 56.1 ° C for 12S and 51.3 ° C for COI. PCR products obtained under these conditions produced excellent DNA sequences.  相似文献   

18.
Here we present a simple, highly efficient, universal automatic kinetics switch (AKS) gene synthesis method that enables synthesis of DNA up to 1.6 kbp from 1 nM oligonucleotide with just one polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. This method eliminates the interference between the PCR assembly and amplification in one-step gene synthesis and simultaneously maximizes the amplification of emerged desired DNA by using a pair of flanked primers. In addition, we describe an analytical model of PCR gene synthesis based on the thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA hybridization. The kinetics difference between standard PCR amplification and one-step PCR gene synthesis is analyzed using this model and is validated using real-time gene synthesis with eight gene segments (318-1656 bp). The effects of oligonucleotide concentration, stringency of annealing temperature, annealing time, extension time, and PCR buffer conditions are examined systematically. Analysis of the experimental results leads to new insights into the gene synthesis process and aids in optimizing gene synthesis conditions. We further extend this method for multiplexing gene assembly with a total DNA length up to 5.74 kbp from 1 nM oligonucleotide.  相似文献   

19.
Prompted by increasing interest in proportional analysis of genetic types, we developed a simple assay technique for determining the ratio of a specific target gene in the total genes that can be amplified with the same PCR primer. The key feature of this method is that the following two tasks are performed in a single-tube real-time PCR system: task 1, PCR amplification of the total genes including the target using a labeled PCR primer, with concurrent monitoring of the total copy number of the PCR product; task 2, detection of the signal of the target gene at each cycle of amplification, using a labeled nucleotide probe. In principle, the ratio of the target gene to the total genes is represented by the signal detected in 'task 2' at the cycle in which the PCR product reached a prescribed copy number (assessed by 'task 1').  相似文献   

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