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1.
玉米种质和新品种对腐霉茎腐病和镰孢穗腐病的抗性分析   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
玉米是我国最重要的农作物之一,腐霉茎腐病和镰孢穗腐病是玉米生产上的重要病害。2006-2012年期间,对1647份玉米种质进行了抗肿囊腐霉茎腐病和拟轮枝镰孢穗腐病鉴定,筛选出高抗茎腐病和穗腐病的种质分别为564份和27份,占鉴定总材料的34.2%和1.6%,抗性材料分别为209份和352份,占比为12.7%和21.4%,表明高抗肿囊腐霉茎腐病的资源较为丰富,高抗镰孢穗腐病的种质相对匮乏。其中,13份种质对2种病害均表现高抗,207份种质对2种病害均表现抗性或对其中一种表现高抗而另一种表现抗性。自交系中对肿囊腐霉茎腐病和拟轮枝镰孢穗腐病表现抗性以上(含HR和R)的种质分别占总鉴定种质的56.5%和23.6%,在农家种中分别为21.2%和21.4%,表明玉米自交系中的抗性资源较农家种丰富。2009-2013年期间参加国家玉米区试的品种中,对腐霉茎腐病表现高抗、抗性、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占11.5%、11.9%、40.1%、17.6%和18.9%。2009-2011年间,中抗以上的育成品种所占比例呈现明显上升趋势,但2012-2013年间,中抗以上的品种所占比例呈下降趋势。  相似文献   

2.
腐霉茎腐病(Pythium stalk rot)是玉米生产上的重要病害。本研究利用14个与8个抗玉米茎腐病基因连锁的分子标记对196份抗腐霉茎腐病玉米种质进行抗病标记基因型鉴定,并采用42对多态性SSR标记对54份抗病自交系进行遗传多样性分析,以期阐明玉米抗腐霉茎腐病种质的标记基因型和遗传背景,并为资源的有效利用、新基因的挖掘和杂种优势模式确定提供参考信息。14个与抗病基因连锁的分子标记将196份抗性种质鉴定为128种标记基因型,表明存在多样的抗性基因组合方式。191份种质获得与齐319、X178或1145中一个或多个的相同的扩增,表明97.45%种质可能含有与3个抗玉米茎腐病材料相同的抗病基因;粤61、郑653、赤L136、白53和18--14共5份种质均未扩增出与齐319、X178和1145相同的标记基因型,可能携带其他抗茎腐病基因;遗传背景相近的抗性种质分属不同的标记基因型,表明抗病种质携带的抗病基因可能在育种选择中发生了分离。42对多态性SSR引物在54份抗病材料中共检测出119个等位基因(Na),多态位点百分率(PPB)为99.17%,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.7070,平均Nei′s基因多样性(H)为0.3999,平均Shannon′s信息指数(I)为0.5844,平均多态信息含量(PIC)为0.5527,变幅为0.2061~0.7844;通过UPGMA聚类分析,54份抗病材料被划分为2个类群,共6个亚群中,分别是旅大红骨亚群、BSSS亚群、塘四平头亚群、PA亚群、PB亚群、Lan亚群,表现出较高的遗传多样性。结果表明,我国6个杂种优势群中均含有较为丰富的抗腐霉茎腐病种质资源,其中PA亚群包含的抗病种质最多。  相似文献   

3.
玉米种质资源对六种重要病虫害的抗性鉴定与评价   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
在2003-2005年间,对604份玉米种质进行了抗弯孢菌叶斑病和玉米螟鉴定,筛选出抗弯孢菌叶斑病的材料93份,抗玉米螟材料22份。2006-2009年间,对836份玉米种质进行了抗大斑病、茎腐病、穗腐病和瘤黑粉病的鉴定与评价,筛选出一批高抗和多抗的资源。在836份资源中,对大斑病1、2和N号3个生理小种具有抗性的材料均为50%左右;抗茎腐病材料为41.3%,高抗和抗性种质分别为264和81份;穗腐病高抗和抗性种质分别为5和171份,占比为21.1%;瘤黑粉病高抗和抗性种质各261和14份,占总鉴定材料的32.9%。上述结果表明抗大斑病、茎腐病和瘤黑粉病的种质资源较为丰富。通过对抗性结果进行对比分析,发现不同生态区玉米种质的抗性强弱以及抗性多样性存在明显差异,黑龙江和内蒙古的种质对病虫害的抗性强弱及多样性程度明显高于四川种质。此外,玉米自交系对病虫害的抗性强弱以及多抗性程度高于农家种。  相似文献   

4.
穗腐病是玉米生产上最重要的病害之一,严重影响其产量和品质,威胁人畜健康。选育和利用优良的抗穗腐病品种,是防治玉米穗腐病最为经济有效的措施。利用花丝通道注射法,在北京昌平和海南三亚2个试验点,对346份玉米自交系进行了抗拟轮枝镰孢与禾谷镰孢穗腐病的鉴定与评价。综合分析2个试验点的抗性鉴定数据表明,对拟轮枝镰孢穗腐病表现高抗、抗病、中抗、感病和高感的材料分别为1、43、106、147和49份,占总鉴定材料的0.3%、12.4%、30.6%、42.5%和14.2%;对禾谷镰孢穗腐病表现高抗、抗病、中抗、感病和高感的材料分别为10、32、55、79和170份,占比分别为2.9%、9.3%、15.9%、22.8%和49.1%。对2种镰孢穗腐病同时表现中抗以上水平的种质共45份,其中1份(15-TL-1224)高抗2种穗腐病、2份(PT351-1、18-QTL-25)对禾谷镰孢和拟轮枝镰孢穗腐病表现高抗和抗病,18-QTL-04、18-YJY-18、18-YJY-02、18-HDY-14种质同时表现抗病,是难得的抗穗腐病资源。对上述45份抗病种质和144份感病材料进行的2种穗腐病抗性相关性分析表明,45份抗病种质对2种穗腐病的抗性相关系数为0.24,144份感病材料对2种穗腐病抗性的相关性系数为-0.16。40对多态性SSR引物对其中41份抗性材料中扩增出183个等位基因,多态性位点百分率为100.00%,平均等位基因数和有效等位基因数分别为3.7556、7.6923,平均Nei′s基因多样性、Shannon′s信息指数分别为0.6596、1.4458,平均多态信息含量为0.326,变幅为0.0513~1.0000。通过UPGMA聚类分析,41份抗病材料被划分为7个类群,分别是美国现代杂交种中B群种质(PB)、兰卡斯特(Lan)、未知类群、美国现代杂交种中A群种质(PA)、旅大红骨(LRC)、衣阿华坚秆综合种(BSSS)和塘四平头(TSPT),表现出较高的遗传多样性,其中PA类群和PB类群包含的抗病种质最多。研究结果将为玉米穗腐病抗病育种中抗源的选择和利用提供参考。  相似文献   

5.
为了发掘我国小麦种质资源中具有禾谷镰孢菌茎基腐病(crown rot)抗性的材料,采用禾谷镰孢菌苗期接种试验的方法,研究了82份小麦种质对禾谷镰孢菌茎基腐病的抗性.结果表明,在鉴定的材料中没有发现高抗材料;中抗材料13份,占总数的15.8%,包括CI12633、红蚰子、FHB143、Tiszataj和紫秆子等;大多数材料为感病材料.值得注意的是不同小麦材料对禾谷镰孢菌赤霉病和茎基腐病具有不同的抗性水平,两种病害没有正相关性,暗示小麦茎基腐病和赤霉病的抗性机制可能不同,因此,需要广泛挖掘具有茎基腐病抗性的小麦资源.  相似文献   

6.
玉米种质资源抗南方锈病鉴定   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
玉米南方锈病已成为近几年我国夏玉米生产区间歇性暴发流行的病害,对玉米生产构成严重威胁,病害流行年份可造成10%以上的产量损失。目前,已确认的抗病自交系非常有限,而抗病育种急需不同抗性控制背景的自交系。为发掘和丰富可利用的南方锈病抗源,于2008~2012年,在广西南宁采用田间人工接种方法对1589份玉米种质资源进行抗南方锈病鉴定。通过高病害压力和连续多年的鉴定,从1589份玉米种质中鉴定出高抗(HR)材料26份,占鉴定总数的1.64%;抗病(R)材料137份,占鉴定总数的8.62%;中抗(MR)水平的材料382份,占鉴定总数的24.04%;感病(S)材料489份,占鉴定总数的30.77%;高感(HS)材料555份,占鉴定总数的34.93%。总体上抗南方锈病种质较少,引进种质中抗病类型材料的比例略高。经重复鉴定,筛选出赤556等18份自交系、老来秕等3份地方品种、A69等4份来自津巴布韦的材料、引自CIMMYT的Dr11表现稳定高抗南方锈病,为今后我国玉米抗南方锈病育种提供了新的抗性资源。  相似文献   

7.
在2003-2005年间,对604份玉米种质进行了抗弯孢菌叶斑病和玉米螟鉴定,筛选出抗弯孢菌叶斑病的材料93份,抗玉米螟材料22份。2006-2009年间,对836份玉米种质进行了抗大斑病、茎腐病、穗腐病和瘤黑粉病的鉴定与评价,筛选出一批高抗和多抗的资源。在836份资源中,对大斑病1、2和N号3个生理小种具有抗性的材料均为50%左右;抗茎腐病材料为41.3%,高抗和抗性种质分别为264和81份;穗腐病高抗和抗性种质分别为5和171份,占比为21.1%;瘤黑粉病高抗和抗性种质各261和14份,占总鉴定材料的32.9%。上述结果表明抗大斑病、茎腐病和瘤黑粉病的种质资源较为丰富。通过对抗性结果进行对比分析,发现不同生态区玉米种质的抗性强弱以及抗性多样性存在明显差异,黑龙江和内蒙的种质对病虫害的抗性强弱及多样性程度明显高于四川种质。此外,玉米自交系对病虫害的抗性强弱以及多抗性程度高于农家种。  相似文献   

8.
外引玉米种质对两种穗腐病原镰孢菌抗性鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用双牙签接种技术,2016-2017年连续2年对从美国、加拿大、罗马尼亚、德国、法国、荷兰等国家引进的177份玉米种质资源抗玉米穗腐病原拟轮枝镰孢(F.verticillioides)和禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)进行了鉴定。结果表明,鉴定的177份玉米种质资源中,对拟轮枝镰孢表现高抗(HR)的资源2份,占总数的1.13%;抗病(R)38份,占总数的21.47%;中抗(MR)75份,占总数的42.37%;感病(S)48份,占总数的27.12%;高感(HS)14份,占总数的7.91%。177份玉米种质资源中,对禾谷镰孢(F.graminearum)表现抗病(R)12份,占鉴定资源总数的6.78%;中抗(MR)66份,占总数的37.29%;感病(S)64份,占总数的36.16%;高感(HS)35份,占总数的19.77%,未发现对禾谷镰孢菌表现高抗的材料。在177份玉米种质资源中,兼抗两种穗腐病原镰孢菌的种质资源有12份。  相似文献   

9.
为了评价抗茎腐病基因分子标记在辅助育种中的实用性,本研究对159份玉米自交系进行了茎腐病田间抗性鉴定,并检测了与4个茎腐病抗性QTL(qRfg1、qRfg2、Rpi QI319-1和Rpi QI319-2)紧密连锁的11个分子标记在上述材料中的扩增情况。结果表明:供试玉米自交系的平均发病率为26.30%,发病率低于30.0%的材料占67.92%,抗病资源丰富。来源于国外、东北、西南和黄淮海地区的材料平均发病率分别为27.67%、17.92%、15.12%和36.80%,与东北和西南地区种质相比,黄淮海地区抗性种质相对缺乏。通过比较分子标记扩增带型与田间茎腐病表型,发现与同一QTL连锁的不同分子标记的检测结果存在较大差异,其中分子标记STS01(qRfg1)、STSZ479(qRfg2)、bnlg1866(Rpi QI319-1)和bnlg1716(Rpi QI319-2)的阳性检测结果与田间表型符合度较高,分别为76.79%、78.95%、91.67%、73.33%,具有上述特异扩增多态性的材料平均发病率分别为22.06%、19.01%、10.65%、19.63%,可作为抗茎腐病分子检测的有效标记。本研究为开展玉米抗茎腐病分子育种提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

10.
为筛选针对我国黄淮麦区小麦茎腐病抗病新种质,建立可区分小麦其他茎基部病害的茎腐病抗性鉴定方法,本文采用室内苗期鉴定方法对主要来自黄淮麦区的108份小麦品种和高代品系进行茎腐病抗性评价,对其中45份小麦材料同时采用荧光定量PCR方法测定基部茎秆的禾谷镰刀菌DNA含量并与其茎腐病平均病级进行相关分析。共筛选到中抗茎腐病材料22份,未发现高抗和免疫品种(系);相关分析结果表明,小麦基部茎秆禾谷镰刀菌DNA含量与其茎腐病平均病级呈极显著正相关(r=0.73**),小麦基部茎秆禾谷镰刀菌DNA含量可以作为小麦茎腐病抗性的重要参考。抗病新种质的筛选和荧光定量PCR抗性评价方法的建立将为今后黄淮麦区小麦抗茎腐病品种的培育提供帮助。  相似文献   

11.
南方锈病是玉米生产上的重要病害。2013-2015年在广西南宁和北京昌平对903份玉米种质资源进行了抗南方锈病的初步鉴定与评价,并利用SSR标记对筛选出的部分抗性材料进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,在903份种质中,8份自交系在广西南宁和北京昌平均对南方锈病表现高抗(HR),占总鉴定种质的0.9%;29份材料表现为抗病(R),占比3.2%,包括27份自交系和2份农家种;中抗种质(MR)100份,占比11.1%;感病(S)和高感(HS)种质分别为181和585份,占鉴定材料的20.0%和64.8%。由此可见,玉米资源中高抗南方锈病的种质较为匮乏,在不同地点均表现高抗的材料是难得的抗源。不同地理来源的玉米种质对南方锈病的抗性水平存在较大差异,其中抗性资源较为丰富的是源自内蒙古和山西的种质。42对多态性SSR引物在50份抗锈病材料中,共扩增出141个条带,多态性条带139个,多态位点百分率(PPB)为98.58%。平均等位基因数(Na)1.98,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)1.59,平均Nei's基因多样性(H)0.34,平均多态性信息含量(PIC)0.78,平均Shannon's信息指数(I)0.51;通过UPGMA聚类分析,50份抗病材料被划分为2个类群,其中,第Ⅰ类群又可划分为5个亚类,表现出较高的遗传多样性,为抗病育种中抗源的选择和利用提供参考信息。  相似文献   

12.
玉米抗镰刀菌穗腐病接种方法及抗病资源筛选研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
对玉米抗穗腐病性鉴定中采用的牙签法与花丝通道注射法进行比较研究表明,牙签法接种果穗的发病程度重于花丝通道注射法接种。牙签法接种病菌于果穗子粒与穗轴之间,有利于病原菌的发育扩展,是一种比较理想的、容易操作的接种方法。采用牙签法接种串珠镰刀菌,对178份玉米自交系和15份杂交种进行抗穗腐病鉴定,筛选出高抗(HR)自交系1份、抗病(R)玉米自交系34份、抗病(R)玉米杂交种12份。  相似文献   

13.
Identification of the diverse sources of resistance is an important issue among the breeders for developing pest and disease free hybrids, to reduce the inoculum load, to prolong the life of inbred lines/hybrids and to reduce the cost of cultivation. Molecular diversity analysis was carried out among 23 maize inbred lines with respect to post flowering stalk rot and pink borer. Forty six SSR markers were employed among eight post flowering stalk rot (PFSR) and seven pink borer resistant lines along with eight other inbred lines to identify diverse resistant sources for developing resistant heterotic combinations to above pests and diseases. Number of alleles per SSR marker ranged from 2 to 9 averaging 4.11. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.272 to 0.839 with an average of 0.568. Discrimination rate (DR) of the markers ranged from 0.095 to 0.861 with a mean of 0.618. Number of alleles was highly correlated with PIC and DR. The pair-wise genetic dissimilarity values ranged from 0.05 to 0.84 with an overall mean of 0.64. Un-weighted neighbour joining clustering put 23 genotypes in two main clusters, which were further subdivided into 5 and 6 sub-clusters, respectively. We obtained 56 rare and 26 unique alleles in specific inbred lines, which can be used for identification of these lines. The present study has revealed considerable diversity among inbred lines differing for resistance against PFSR and pink borer; and provided ample scope for selection of parents for utilization in heterosis breeding  相似文献   

14.
The pink stem borer, Sesamia nonagrioides (Lefebvre), is one of the most important insect pests of maize (Zea mays L.) in northwestern Spain. The objectives of this work were to evaluate, at different times during the growth of maize, structural traits related to the entry point and tissues on which larvae feed and to determine the relationship between these structural traits and the stem borer resistance. Six inbred lines with different levels of stem resistance to S. nonagrioides were evaluated in several trials. Potential structural resistance factors included rind and pith puncture resistance (RPR and PPR), rind thickness, length of the meristematic area (LMA), and pith parenchyma interlumen thickness (PPIT). Surprisingly, the inbred lines that showed the strongest stalks, EP42 and EP47, were not stem resistant to pink stem borer attack, while the stem resistant inbreds A509, CM151, and PB130 were among the least resistant to rind puncture. There were no significant differences among resistant and susceptible inbreds for the rind thickness. However, the susceptible inbred EP42 had the softest internode pith, and the resistant inbred PB130 showed the hardest, as was expected. Susceptible inbred lines in general showed higher values for the LMA, while the PPIT was important for individual inbreds. The results suggest that the usefulness of these characters as estimators of pink stem borer resistance is limited to some genotypes. Besides, even among those genotypes, other mechanisms of resistance that do not involve stalk strength could be present. Among the traits considered, the LMA was the most promising as an indicator of resistance to pink stem borer, although further experimentation is necessary.  相似文献   

15.
240份玉米自交系纹枯病抗性鉴定与评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在人工接种条件下,连续3年对240份玉米自交系纹枯病抗性进行鉴定和评价,分析了玉米纹枯病抗性与主要农艺性状的相关性。结果表明,玉米纹枯病抗性资源较为缺乏,240份自交系中无免疫或高抗的材料,有中抗自交系4份、感病自交系18份、高感自交系218份。旅大红骨、Reid、PA和塘四平头类群自交系中未发现玉米纹枯病抗源,PB类群和Lancaster类群自交系纹枯病抗性相对较好,今后应主要从这两类种质中寻找玉米纹枯病抗源。玉米纹枯病病情指数与株高、穗位高、穗位高/株高、穗下节间数和穗下平均节间长均呈极显著负相关,这些表型可以作为非接种条件下筛选抗玉米纹枯病种质的参考指标。  相似文献   

16.
Liu K  Goodman M  Muse S  Smith JS  Buckler E  Doebley J 《Genetics》2003,165(4):2117-2128
Two hundred and sixty maize inbred lines, representative of the genetic diversity among essentially all public lines of importance to temperate breeding and many important tropical and subtropical lines, were assayed for polymorphism at 94 microsatellite loci. The 2039 alleles identified served as raw data for estimating genetic structure and diversity. A model-based clustering analysis placed the inbred lines in five clusters that correspond to major breeding groups plus a set of lines showing evidence of mixed origins. A "phylogenetic" tree was constructed to further assess the genetic structure of maize inbreds, showing good agreement with the pedigree information and the cluster analysis. Tropical and subtropical inbreds possess a greater number of alleles and greater gene diversity than their temperate counterparts. The temperate Stiff Stalk lines are on average the most divergent from all other inbred groups. Comparison of diversity in equivalent samples of inbreds and open-pollinated landraces revealed that maize inbreds capture <80% of the alleles in the landraces, suggesting that landraces can provide additional genetic diversity for maize breeding. The contributions of four different segments of the landrace gene pool to each inbred group's gene pool were estimated using a novel likelihood-based model. The estimates are largely consistent with known histories of the inbreds and indicate that tropical highland germplasm is poorly represented in maize inbreds. Core sets of inbreds that capture maximal allelic richness were defined. These or similar core sets can be used for a variety of genetic applications in maize.  相似文献   

17.
RFLP markers have proven to be a reliable and highly informative tool for characterizing genetic diversity in maize. Joint analysis of inbred lines and populations should provide valuable information with respect to (1) a better understanding of the genetic basis of present elite germplasm and (2) the identification of populations that may prove to be useful sources of genetic diversity for breeding programs. Sixty-two inbred lines of known heterotic groups and ten maize populations, some of them significant contributors to the genetic basis of the heterotic groups, were assayed at 28 RFLP loci. Joint data analyses first underlined that the populations displayed a large number of alleles that were absent in the set of inbred lines. Associations among inbreds and populations further proved consistent with pedigree data of the inbreds and provided new information on the genetical basis of heterotic groups. In particular, European flint inbreds were revealed to be as close to the Northeastern U.S. flint population studied as to the typical European populations. These results advocate the analysis of larger sets of populations by means of molecular markers in order to (1) gain insight into the history of maize germplasm and (2) set up appropriate strategies for the use of genetic resources in breeding programs. Received: 23 February 1998 / Accepted: 5 February 1999  相似文献   

18.
 Commercial maize (Zea mays L.) in the USA has a restricted genetic base as newer hybrids are largely produced from crosses among elite inbred lines representing a small sample (predominantly about 6- to 8-base inbreds) of the Stiff stalk and Lancaster genetic backgrounds. Thus, expansion of genetic diversity in maize has been a continuous challenge to breeders. Tropical germplasm has been viewed as a useable source of diversity, although the integration of tropical germplasm into existing inbred line and hybrid development is laborious. The present study is an evaluation of the potential of tropical germplasm for temperate maize improvement. All possible single-, three-way-, and double-cross hybrids among three largely temperate and three temperate-adapted, all-tropical inbred lines were evaluated in yield-trial tests. Single-cross hybrids containing as much as 50–60% tropical germplasm produced 8.0 t ha-1 of grain yield, equivalent to the mean yield of the commercial check hybrids. On the other hand, three-way and double-cross hybrids with the highest mean yield contained lower amounts of tropical germplasm, 10–19% and 34–44%, respectively. Overall, hybrids containing 10–60% tropical germplasm yielded within the range of the commercial hybrid checks. Hybrids with more than 60% tropical germplasm had significantly lower yields, and 100% tropical hybrids yielded the least among all hybrids evaluated. The results indicate that inbred lines containing tropical germplasm are not only a useful source to expand the genetic diversity of commercial maize hybrids, but they, also are competitive in crosses with temperate materials, producing high-yielding hybrids. These experimental hybrids exhibited good standability (comparable to the commercial check hybrids) but contained 1–2% higher grain moisture, leading to delayed maturity. Recurrent selection procedures are being conducted on derivatives of these materials to extract lines with superior yield, good standability, and reduced grain moisture which can be used for commercial exploitation. Received: 26 January 1998 / Accepted: 14 July 1998  相似文献   

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