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1.
云南是我国少数民族聚集区,属于云贵高原区,地形地貌复杂,气候多样,正因为如此,云南产生了丰富多样的蔬菜资源。然而,近些年来随着经济发展,外来文化的渗透,该地区正经历着较大的变迁,云南少数民族传统文化和生活习俗及与之相关的蔬菜资源亦逐渐消失。国家为了保护和发扬少数民族的传统文化和蔬菜资源,特设立本调查项目,对云南省31个县进行了系统调查。本文仅介绍云南少数民族对蔬菜种质资源的利用和保护情况,旨在为国家保护少数民族传统文化、制定农业生物资源保护策略和科学研究提供基础数据和依据。  相似文献   

2.
"云南及周边地区生物资源调查"项目于2006-2011年,对云南省31个县、四川省8个县和西藏自治区2个县的农业生物资源进行了系统调查。系统调查的41个县的地形、地貌十分多样,气候类型很多,有"一山有四季,十里不同天"的说法。加之,这些县份都集居有少数民族,少数民族有各自的传统文化和生活习俗,从而赋予了农业生物资源丰富的民族文化内涵。正因为这里的多样性气候和各异的民族文化,造就了丰富的农业生物资源。通过调查获得了大量基础数据和信息,收集到5300多份农业生物种质资源,其中有一批稀有种质资源,这些稀有种质资源对相应农业生物的起源进化和系统分类研究,以及新品种选育都具有重要利用价值。  相似文献   

3.
贵州少数民族对作物种质资源的利用和保护   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
"贵州农业生物资源调查"项目属于国家科技基础工作重大专项。贵州属于云贵高原区,地形地貌复杂,气候多样,加之多民族聚集,有"十里不同天,一山不同族"的说法。正因为如此,贵州产生了丰富多样的农业生物资源。然而,世上的事物没有一成不变的,随着社会经济的发展,外来文化的渗透,贵州少数民族传统文化和生活习俗及与之相关的农业生物资源亦逐渐消失。国家为了保护少数民族传统文化和农业生物资源,特设立本调查项目,对贵州省42个县(市)进行了普查,并对其中21个县(市)进行了系统调查。本文仅介绍贵州少数民族对其相关的主要作物种质资源的利用和保护情况,旨在为国家保护少数民族传统文化、制定农业生物资源保护策略和科学研究提供基础数据和依据。  相似文献   

4.
贵州蔬菜资源的民族传统文化初步调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
贵州是我国少数民族聚集区,蔬菜资源多样性十分丰富。然而,近些年来随着经济发展,外来文化的渗透,该地区正经历着较大的变迁,少数民族蔬菜资源和传统文化正在逐步消失。为了保护和发扬少数民族的传统文化和蔬菜资源,对该地区的15个县和9个民族进行了系统的蔬菜资源和文化调查,旨在为国家保护和发扬少数民族传统文化,制定蔬菜资源保护政策和科学研究提供基础数据和研究材料。  相似文献   

5.
云南及周边地区野菜和野果资源   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文是根据“云南及周边地区生物资源调查”项目的系统调查结果汇总的。云南及周边地区野菜和野果资源,指的是该地区栽培蔬菜、果树及其野生近缘植物之外的可食的野菜和野果。云南及周边地区是多个少数民族聚居区,各少数民族都有采食野菜和野果的习俗,并且在长期采食野菜和野果中,积累了丰富的食用方法。本文介绍云南及周边地区的野菜和野果,旨在为深入研究和开发利用这些资源,并为国家制定野生植物保护有关政策提供基础数据和信息。  相似文献   

6.
云南及周边地区农作物野生近缘植物   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
"云南及周边地区生物资源调查"项目是国家科技部基础性工作专项,现已通过国家验收。云南及周边地区是低纬度高海拔地区,也是我国少数民族聚居区,农作物的种类和物种多样性及遗传多样性都十分丰富,并且孕育了丰富的农作物野生近缘植物。本文仅介绍云南及周边地区粮食作物、经济作物、蔬菜作物、果树作物的野生近缘植物,旨在为这些野生近缘植物的研究和开发,制定国家野生植物多样性保护政策提供基础数据和相关信息。  相似文献   

7.
通过"贵州农业生物资源调查"项目的调查,获得了大批农业生物种质资源,这些种质资源具有丰富的物种多样性和遗传多样性,它们是贵州少数民族世代相传的物质遗产,也是贵州少数民族生活和生产的物质基础。与此同时,通过调查说明,贵州少数民族地区农业生物资源还有很大的调查收集潜力。由此不难看出,有效保护和可持续利用贵州农业生物资源,不论对贵州还是对中国都具有重要的现实和长远意义。  相似文献   

8.
根据当地的气候特点和生态环境选取有代表性的3个乡9个村对云南省元阳县哈尼族、彝族的农业生物资源进行了系统调查和收集,共收集与当地民族生活、生产和民族文化密切相关的农业生物资源341份,其中粮食作物资源139份,果树资源(含野生种类)35份,蔬菜资源(含野生种类)55份,药用植物资源56份,饲用资源56份。详细整理分析了调查、收集到的资源的种类和利用价值,并对当地的农业生产和农业生物资源的利用和保护提出了具体建议。同时对当地的农业生物资源现状和变化情况进行调查和分析,为制订我国少数民族地区特有农业生物资源有效保护与高效利用发展战略提供基础数据和研究材料。  相似文献   

9.
贵州少数民族地区作物稀有种质资源和野生近缘植物   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
"贵州农业生物资源调查"项目于2012-2014年已对贵州省21个县(市)进行了系统调查。系统调查的21个县(市)均有少数民族集居,各民族有不同的传统文化和生活习俗,在世代相传中赋予了当地作物种质资源丰富的民族文化内涵。并且,当地的地形地貌复杂,气候类型多样。正因为这种多样的自然条件和各异的民族文化,造就了这里丰富的作物稀有种质资源和野生近缘植物。本次调查获得的作物稀有种质资源和野生近缘植物,对作物的分类研究和新品种选育以及商业开发,将会有一定的利用价值。  相似文献   

10.
2014年9—10月对贵州省赫章县7个乡镇18个村分布的与苗族、彝族、白族和回族等少数民族生产、生活密切相关的农业生物资源进行了调查、收集与整理,共收集到农业生物资源239份,其中特有、特优以及特用资源共计97份。本文对当地农业生物资源现状、消长情况及调查、收集到资源种类、利用价值进行了分析,并对赫章县农业生物资源的利用、保护和开发进行了讨论。  相似文献   

11.
脱氮除硫菌株的分离鉴定和功能确认   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
从长期稳定运行的脱氮除硫反应器污泥中,分离获得两株具有脱氮除硫功能的芽孢杆菌。经形态观察、生理试验和16SrDNA序列比对,将两菌株归入芽孢杆菌属,菌株CB归类于Bacillus pseudofirmus,菌株CS则与Bacillus hemicellulosilytus和Bacillus halodurans最为接近。以Biolog板检测,菌株CB的基质多样性不明显,菌株CS则可利用Biolog板中多种碳源。菌株CB和菌株CS都能以硝酸盐氧化硫化物,其中菌株CB对硝酸盐、硫化物的转化能力大于CS,菌株CB对硝酸盐的亲和力也大于菌株CS。  相似文献   

12.
激光生物学是光子学和生物学相结合的交叉边缘学科,根据《光及有关电磁辐射的量和单位》国际标准(ISO/DIS31-6,1990)和我国国家标准(GB3102.6,1993),本文讨论了在激光生物学中常用的光学量、光子量和单位。  相似文献   

13.
We studied the effects of acute and chronic administration of secretin and caerulein, alone and in combination, on RNA and protein synthesis in the duodenum and oxyntic gland area as well as content of DNA, RNA and protein in rats. Secretin, 100 micrograms . kg-1, three times a day for 5 days, was associated with duodenal hypertrophy after the first 24 h of treatment and hyperplasia at the end of days 2 and 4; hypertrophy of the oxyntic gland area was observed only at 4 h after the first injection. Caerulein, 1 microgram . kg-1, also promoted duodenal hyperplasia after 2 and 4 days of treatment. The oxyntic gland area showed hypertrophy only at 4 h after the second injection of caerulein. These data indicate that both hormones can induce duodenal hyperplasia, probably by an amplification of the normal renewal cycle of the epithelial cells. They also demonstrated that growth of the oxyntic gland area is not promoted by these two peptides at the doses studied.  相似文献   

14.
以重庆市近郊中梁山槽谷为研究区,利用气象站和沉降仪获取2017年5月-2018年4月的大气无机氮、硫沉降数据和降水δ15N-NO3-、δ18O-NO3-和δ34S-SO42-、δ18O-SO42-数据,通过离子浓度比值、同位素值和气团后向轨迹探讨了研究区大气中氮、硫沉降变化特征及其来源。结果表明:(1)大气DIN总沉降量为19.99 kg/hm2,干、湿沉降量分别占11%和89%;大气S总沉降量为32.62 kg/hm2,干、湿沉降量分别占13%和87%。大气氮、硫湿沉降量与降水量均呈正相关(n=12,P < 0.01),氮、硫干湿沉降量具有明显的季节差异。(2)降水NH4+-N/NO3--N比值介于0.45-2.2之间,雨季(5-10月)NH4+-N/NO3--N>1,旱季(11-次年4月)NH4+-N/NO3--N<1,表明雨季氮主要来源于农业源,旱季来源于工业和交通源;降水NO3-/SO42-比值介于0.1-1.25之间,平均值为0.63,表明硫来源以固定污染源(燃煤)为主。(3)大气降水δ15N-NO3-、δ18O-NO3-值分别为-3.8‰-3.9‰(平均值为0.4‰±2.6‰)和58.7‰-98.7‰(平均值为76.1‰±14.3‰),夏季偏负,冬季偏正;降水δ34S-SO42-和δ18O-SO42-变化范围分别为1.3‰-3.2‰(平均值为2.3‰±1‰)和5.3‰-8.5‰(平均值为7.1‰±1.6‰),大气降水中NO3-和SO42-主要来源于当地的化石燃料燃烧,同时受到周边污染物的远距离传输影响。(4)气团后向轨迹表明影响研究区氮、硫干湿沉降来源的主要因素是东亚季风,北东-南西走向的川东平行岭谷大地貌格局加剧了季风的影响。  相似文献   

15.
16.
桃果实细胞内糖酸分布对果实甜酸风味的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
以成熟‘白凤’桃果实为实验材料,采用区室化分析方法计算细胞内液泡、细胞质和细胞间隙中各糖酸组分的含量,并用调查问卷的方式对成熟桃果实甜酸风味进行评价打分,研究果肉细胞内各糖酸组分含量及其分布对果实甜酸风味的影响。结果表明:(1)成熟桃果实中可溶性糖(蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和山梨醇)在液泡、细胞质和细胞间隙的含量分别为27.3、11.6和9.0mg·g-1,有机酸(苹果酸、柠檬酸、奎宁酸和莽草酸)含量分别为2.09、0.94和0.35mg·g-1;蔗糖和苹果酸含量分别占果实可溶性糖和有机酸含量的80.6%和77.0%,是成熟桃果实中糖和酸的主要储存形式。(2)果实细胞内各糖酸组分通过细胞膜的渗透速率明显高于液泡膜。(3)块状处理桃果实液泡、细胞质与细胞间隙中的糖含量比、酸含量比及糖酸比分别为3.0∶1.3∶1.0、6.0∶2.7∶1.0、13.9∶12.4∶23.1,而匀浆处理果实的细胞结构被破坏,其不同细胞器中的比例分别为1.0∶1.0∶1.0、1.0∶1.0∶1.0、14.0∶14.0∶14.0;块状果实风味评价得分(2.99)明显高于匀浆处理果实(1.98)。研究认为,桃果实细胞中液泡、细胞质和细胞间隙之间糖酸含量以及糖酸比的差异可能是导致果实甜度风味变化的重要原因。  相似文献   

17.
Darkness mediates different senescence-related responses depending on the targeting of dark treatment (whole plants or individual leaves) and the organs that perceive the signal (leaves or cotyledons). In this study, we presented data on the differential effects of 2-day dark treatment on progression of senescence in cotyledons and primary leaves of 14-day-old plants of Cucurbita pepo L. (zucchini). The lack of changes in chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents as well as in the PSI activity measured by the far-red induced alterations in the P700 oxidation levels and the quantum yield of electron transport from Q A to PSI end acceptors () indicated higher resistance of cotyledons to the applied dark stress compared to the primary leaves. In contrast to cotyledons, PSI activity in the primary leaves was significantly inhibited. Concerning the activity of PSII analyzed by the changes in the JIP-test parameters (the maximal efficiency of PSII photochemistry, ; the performance index, PIABS; the efficiency of Q A reoxidation, ψ 0 and the effective dissipation per reaction center, DI0/RC), no differences were observed between cotyledons and primary leaves, thus suggesting that PSI activity in the true leaves was more susceptible to the applied dark stress. The transfer of the darkened plants to normal light regime resulted in delayed senescence in cotyledons which was in contrast to results on Arabidopsis, thus implying the existence of specific mechanisms of cotyledon senescence in different monocarpic plants.  相似文献   

18.
Inastrocytes, as [K+]o was increased from 1.2 to 10 mM, [K+]i and [Cl]i were increased, whereas [Na+]i was decreased. As [K+]o was increased from 10 to 60 mM, intracellular concentration of these three ions showed no significant change. When [K+]o was increased from 60 to 122 mM, an increase in [K+]i and [Cl]i and a decrease in [Na+]i were observed.Inneurons, as [K+]o was increased from 1.2 to 2.8 mM, [Na+]i and [Cl]i were decreased, whereas [K+]i was increased. As [K+]o was increased from 2.8 to 30 mM, [K+]i, [Na+]i and [Cl]i showed no significant change. When [K+]o was increased from 30 to 122 mM, [K+]i and [Cl]i were increased, whereas [Na+]i was decreased. Inastrocytes, pHi increased when [K+]o was increased. Inneurons, there was a biphasic change in pHi. In lower [K+]o (1.2–2.8 mM) pHi decreased as [K+]o increased, whereas in higher [K+]o (2.8–122 mM) pHi was directly related to [K+]o. In bothastrocytes andneurons, changes in [K+]o did not affect the extracellular water content, whereas the intracellular water content increased as the [K+]o increased. Transmembrane potential (Em) as measured with Tl-204 was inversely related to [K+]o between 1.2 and 90 mM, a ten-fold increase in [K+]o depolarized the astrocytes by about 56 mV and the neurons about 52 mV. The Em values measured with Tl-204 were close to the potassium equilibrium potential (Ek) except those in neurons at lower [K+]o. However, they were not equal to the chloride equilibrium potential (ECl) at [K+]o lower than 30 mM in both astrocytes and neurons. Results of this study demonstrate that alteration of [K+]o produced different changes in [K+]i, [Na+]i, [Cl]i, and pHi in astrocytes and neurons. The data show that astrocytes can adapt to alterations in [K+]o, in such a way to maintain a more suitable environment for neurons.  相似文献   

19.
In the chromoplast fraction and in the chromoplast-free fraction, obtained from Calendula officinalis ligulate flowers, the contents of individual free and ester-bound triterpene alcohols and sterols as well as the fatty acid components of the ester form were determined. It was shown that all sterols and triterpene monols in both forms occur in the two subtractions investigated, whereas all diols are localized only in the chromoplast fraction. The compositions of the fatty acids esterifying monols and sterols were similar to those esterifying diols in the chromoplasts. However, the fatty acids esterifying extra-chromoplast monols and sterols were different. This result indicates that triterpene monol esters are substrates for the biosynthesis of 3-monoesters of diols.  相似文献   

20.
Synthetic 2′-hydroxy-3,4′,6′-trimethoxy-4-benzyloxychalcone (I) affords (±)-7,3′-di-O-methyleriodictyol (II) and 7,3′-di-O-methylluteolin (or velutin, VII) identical with natural samples. Similarly synthetic 2′-hydroxy-4,4′,6′-trimethoxy-3-benzyloxychalcone (X) gives natural (±)-7,4′-di-O-methyleriodictyol (XI) and 7,4′-di-O-methylluteolin (or pilloin, IX). However, attempts to partially etherify II with one mole of prenyl bromide to obtain the natural prenyl ether failed; only the corresponding diprenyloxychalcone (IV) was obtained.  相似文献   

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