从盾叶薯蓣组培苗中高压酸解制备薯蓣皂苷元

采用正交试验法对盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis)组培苗中薯蓣皂苷元的高压酸解制备工艺进行了研究。以薯蓣皂苷元的含量作为评价指标,选用正交表L16(45),以样品用量、硫酸浓度、提取时间为因素,设计了3因素4水平的正交试验。结果表明:高压酸解提取薯蓣皂苷元的最佳工艺条件为:样品用量25 mg、硫酸浓度0.5 mol/L、提取时间2 h,在此条件下提取物中薯蓣皂苷元的平均含量为9.12 mg/g。     

生物技术在薯蓣皂苷及其苷元生物合成中的应用

薯蓣皂苷及其苷元来源于药用植物盾叶薯蓣块茎,是合成甾体激素类药物的重要原料.由于野生盾叶薯蓣资源日渐枯竭及薯蓣皂苷及其苷元制备生产中的严重污染等问题,使其开发和生产面临严重的挑战.本文探讨了薯蓣皂苷及其苷元生产研究进展及存在的问题,概述了薯蓣皂苷及其苷元的代谢途径研究进展,展望了生物技术在薯蓣皂苷及其苷元生物合成中的应用前景.     

盾叶薯蓣总皂苷超声提取及动力学

考察了乙醇体积分数、溶剂用量、超声时间、超声功率和超声频率对盾叶薯蓣总皂苷提取率的影响,研究了以体积分数70%乙醇溶液或水作溶剂从盾叶薯蓣中超声提取总皂苷的动力学模型。结果表明,在扩散过程中超声提取薯蓣总皂苷的动力学模型满足非定常扩散方程,相关系数为r=0.95,最佳超声时间为40min。     

一种新型的高效液相色谱填料北大核心CSCD

以薯蓣皂苷为原料,1,6-己二异氰酸酯作为间隔臂,采用"一锅法",制备得到一种新型高效液相色谱填料——薯蓣皂苷键合硅胶固定相。通过固体核磁共振技术、红外光谱分析、元素分析、热重分析和电镜扫描等手段对自制的薯蓣皂苷键合硅胶固定相进行结构表征,确证薯蓣皂苷已键合至硅胶表面。采用该固定相,乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,建立三七总皂苷原料药HPLC指纹图谱。以天然产物药用成分制备高效液相色谱填料,为液相色谱固定相制备提供新的思路,也为天然产物中有效成分的分离分析提供了新的途径。     

内生Bacillus svelezensis HBB5菌株发酵盾叶薯蓣产薯蓣皂苷元的研究

目的探讨内生Bacillus svelezensis HBB5菌株发酵宿主植物盾叶薯蓣产薯蓣皂苷元的能力。方法接种内生B.svelezensis HBB5及B.subtilis ATCC 6633菌株(0.35×10~8 CFU/mL)至含盾叶薯蓣地下茎组织的液体培养基,32℃、165~185 r/min连续发酵108 h,检测发酵液细菌、pH、淀粉、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、淀粉酶(α-amylase)及薯蓣皂苷元溶出率等指标。结果内生B.svelezensis HBB5菌株有较强的酸、碱耐受力[pH(4.8±0.2)~(8.4±0.2)],相比B.subtilis ATCC 6633[pH(5.2±0.2)~(8.7±0.2)]差异不明显;前者达峰值生长量(60×10~(8±2) CFU/mL)明显高于后者(32×10~(8±2) CFU/mL)。发酵36~60 h时,B.svelezensis HBB5、B.subtilis ATCC 6633菌株发酵液的淀粉、麦芽糖、葡萄糖浓度达峰值,分别为(37.41±3.12)、(27.83±2.14)ng/mL,(21.06±1.25)、(16.54±1.08)ng/mL,(54.33±3.12)、(36.65±2.10)ng/mL,前者均高于后者。同时,B.svelezensis HBB5菌株维持高的α-amylase酶活性及薯蓣皂苷元溶出率。结论内生B.svelezensis HBB5菌株拥有较强的耐酸碱、降解淀粉、提高薯蓣皂苷元溶出的能力,为工业生产薯蓣皂苷元提供了一个新的方法。     

用盾叶薯蓣生产薯蓣皂苷元预发酵与水解条件优化

采用RP-HPLC法检测薯蓣皂苷元,对薯蓣皂苷元提取过程中影响产率的多种因素,分预发酵、水解2部分分别用单因素和正交设计的方法进行优化.结果表明:40℃预发酵16 h,加6%浓H2SO4,料液比为1∶6,温度为121～126℃,水解5 h,产率高达3.62%,说明预发酵与水解条件优化可以提高盾叶薯蓣(Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright)生产薯蓣皂苷元的产率.     

高效转化黄姜皂苷为薯蓣皂苷元菌株的筛选及转化条件优化

薯蓣皂苷元是甾体激素类药物重要的生产原料,在制药工业中有广泛应用。传统的生产方法是黄姜酸解法,污染严重。为寻找更清洁高效的生产方式,从本实验室保藏的菌株中筛选出一株赤霉菌Gibberellaintermedia WX12(层出镰孢菌Fusarium proliferatum的有性阶段),能将黄姜中的皂苷转化为薯蓣皂苷元。采用统计学实验设计方法对其转化培养基进行研究,优化的转化培养基配方为(g/L):葡萄糖20.6;酵母膏5.0;氯化钠1;磷酸二氢钾3;硫酸锌1.5;黄姜酶解物3。采用以上优化参数,薯蓣皂苷元的得率提高到(31±0.3)mg/g干黄姜,较优化前提高了3倍。这是目前关于赤霉菌转化黄姜中皂苷的首次报道。     

药源植物盾叶薯蓣甾体皂苷及皂苷元的研究进展

盾叶薯蓣是重要的甾体激素类药源植物,其根茎中薯蓣皂苷元含量居薯蓣属植物之冠,为我国的特有种。为了寻找高含量的资源、筛选新的生理活性成分,多年来我国学者做了大量的研究工作。主要概括了盾叶薯蓣的资源分布、薯蓣皂苷元的提取工艺、化学成分、药理、含量测定等方面的研究。     

用微孔板分光光度法测定薯蓣皂苷元的含量

为了对植物样品中薯蓣皂苷元的含量进行高通量快速测定,本研究采用高压酸解制备薯蓣皂苷元,以高氯酸为显色剂,用微孔板分光光度法测定样品中薯蓣皂苷元的含量。合适的分析条件为:反应温度为30℃、高氯酸用量为200μL、振荡时间2 min后静置10 min,在410 nm处测定光吸收值。该方法的线性范围为每孔薯蓣皂苷元2～10μg(R=0.9988),平均回收率为99.9%,精密度的RSD为1.65%。该方法操作简单、准确稳定,可实现大批量样品中薯蓣皂苷元的快速检测。     

穿龙薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元含量的动态分析

目的：对穿龙薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元的含量进行动态分析。方法：超临界CO2萃取技术提取,高效液相色谱法测定含量。结果：穿龙薯蓣根茎中花期薯蓣皂苷元含量最高为1．35％,枯萎期含量最低为1．03％。穿龙薯蓣地上部分不同生长时期均不合薯蓣皂苷元。结论：穿龙薯蓣根茎中花期薯蓣皂苷元含量最高,枯萎期含量最低。穿龙薯蓣地上部分不同生长时期均不合薯蓣皂苷元。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.