酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿病毒性腹泻疗效观察

目的观察和评价酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的临床疗效。方法将200例病毒性腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组120例,服用酪酸梭菌活菌散,首次1 000 mg,以后500 mg/次,4次/d,疗程3~7 d,对照组80例,应用蒙脱石散治疗,观察疗效和不良反应。结果观察组总有效率为92.5%,对照组总有效率为71.25%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿病毒性腹泻疗效显著,且未见不良反应,值得临床推广应用。     

酪酸梭菌活菌散与蒙托石散间隔联用治疗婴幼儿病毒性腹泻疗效观察

目的观察和评价酪酸梭菌活菌散与蒙脱石散间隔应用治疗婴幼儿病毒性腹泻的临床疗效。方法将130例病毒性腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组65例,先冲服蒙脱石散,1.5～3 g/次,3次/d,冲服蒙脱石散2 h后再服用酪酸梭菌活菌散,0.5 g/次,3次/d,疗程3～7 d;对照组65例,单独应用蒙脱石散治疗,观察疗效和不良反应。结果观察组总有效率为96.9%,对照组总有效率为72.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),观察组在缩短热退时间、大便性状恢复正常时间和平均住院时间及第3天的大便次数减少均优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散与蒙脱石散间隔联用治疗婴幼儿病毒性腹泻疗效显著,且未见不良反应,值得临床推广应用。     

酪酸梭菌活菌散与抗菌药间隔序贯应用预防抗生素相关性腹泻疗效观察

目的观察和评价酪酸梭菌活菌散（商品名：宝乐安）与抗菌药间隔序贯应用治疗小儿肺炎预防抗生素相关性腹泻的临床疗效。方法将203例肺炎患儿随机分为预防组和对照组,预防组103例,对照组100例,2组均给予抗菌药及对症支持治疗。其中预防组在治疗的同时间隔2～3 h序贯使用酪酸梭菌活菌散,0.5 g/次,3次/d,出现腹泻继续服用;对照组不用酪酸梭菌活菌散预防,出现腹泻用酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗,0.5 g/次,3次/d。对2组继发腹泻的发生率、腹泻持续天数、肺炎治疗的总疗程、腹痛和脱水等症状和体征进行统计分析。结果预防组继发腹泻12例,发生率为11.7%,对照组继发腹泻57例,发生率为57.0%,2组相比差异具有非常显著性（P〈0.01）;预防组腹泻持续时间和治疗疗程显著短于对照组（P〈0.01）;预防组患儿腹痛和脱水等症状和体征发生率均少于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散与抗菌药间隔序贯应用治疗肺炎,能显著降低小儿抗生素相关性腹泻的发生率,预防性应用具有积极的临床意义。     

酪酸梭菌活菌散联合抗菌药治疗小儿急性细菌感染性腹泻临床疗效观察

目的观察和评价酪酸梭菌活菌散（商品名：宝乐安）联合抗菌药治疗小儿急性细菌感染性腹泻临床疗效。方法将60例急性细菌感染性腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组30例,对照组30例,2组均给予口服抗菌药及对症支持治疗。其中观察组在服用抗菌药2h后服用酪酸梭菌活菌散,0.5g/次,3次/d;对照组只给予抗菌药及对症支持治疗,不用酪酸梭菌活菌散。对2组总有效率及体温、大便恢复正常时间进行统计分析。结果观察组总有效率为96.7%,对照组总有效率为83.3%,2组相比差异具有非常显著性（P〈0.01）;观察组体温、大便恢复正常时间均显著短于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散联合抗菌药治疗小儿急性细菌感染性腹泻的疗效,优于单用抗菌药,值得临床推广应用。     

酪酸梭菌治疗肠道易激综合征腹泻型疗效分析

目的探讨应用酪酸梭菌(阿泰宁)治疗肠道易激综合征(IBS)腹泻型疗效。方法对照组予以思密达冲剂1包Tid,肠胃康胶囊2粒(0.74)Tid;治疗组给以阿泰宁胶囊1260 mg B id口服。均3周为1疗程。结果治疗组治愈60例、好转12例,总有效率为100%;对照组治愈32例、好转16例、未达到治疗效果或无效12例,总有效率为80%。治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.05),差异有显著性。结论阿泰宁治疗IBS腹泻型疗效确切,无毒副作用,值得临床推广应用。     

酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻的临床疗效观察

目的观察酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻的临床疗效。方法将120例秋冬季腹泻的患儿随机分为酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组和对照组,对照组60例患儿单用蒙脱石散,1.5g/次,3次/d;酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组60例患儿先服用蒙脱石散,剂量同上,间隔2h后,加服酪酸梭菌活菌散,1袋/次,3次/d,疗程为3~7d或治愈为止;在此基础上,两组患儿均给予补液(纠酸、维持水电解质及酸碱平衡)、退热等治疗。观察两组患儿腹泻治疗效果(包括大便性状恢复正常时间、呕吐消失时间和总有效率)及不良反应发生情况。结果酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组显效率为81.7%,总有效率为100.0%,对照组显效率为28.3%,总有效率为90.0%,酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组明显高于对照组,且差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.385,P0.05);酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗组第3天大便次数相比对照组明显减少[治疗组(1.88±0.88)次/d,对照组(3.28±1.80)次/d,t=5.395,P0.05)],大便恢复正常时间明显短于对照组[治疗组(3.67±1.31)d,对照组(4.8±1.09)d,t=5.158,P0.05)],呕吐消失时间也明显短于对照组[治疗组(2.9±0.99)d,对照组(4.02±1.34)d,t=4.894,P0.05)]。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻的临床疗效显著,且未见不良反应发生,值得临床推广。     

口服双歧杆菌活菌散剂治疗急慢性腹泻的随机对照双盲双模拟多中心临床研究

目的 评价口服双歧杆菌活菌散剂治疗肠道菌群失调所致的急慢性腹泻的疗效和安全性.方法 采用阳性药物平行对照、分层区组随机、双盲双模拟、多中心临床试验设计方法.其中急性腹泻136例,慢性腹泻125例;每次口服双歧杆菌活菌散剂1包(1.0 g,含双歧杆菌活菌1.0亿个)或丽珠肠乐胶囊2粒,每日2次;急性腹泻疗程3 d,慢性腹泻疗程14 d,观察治疗后临床症状和大便常规的恢复情况,慢性腹泻中39例进行肠道菌群分析.结果 疗程结束时急性腹泻总有效率:口服双歧杆菌活菌散剂组为89.6%,丽珠肠乐胶囊组为91.2%,2组疗效相似,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);慢性腹泻总有效率:口服双歧杆菌活菌散剂组为88.1%,丽珠肠乐胶囊组为79.0%,2组疗效相似,差异无显著性(P＞0.05);慢性腹泻组中39例治疗前后进行的肠道菌群分析表明,2组双歧杆菌、拟杆菌和真杆菌治疗后比治疗前均有显著增加(P=0.00～0.02),但治疗前后增加值2组间比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).安全性研究未发现不良反应.结论 口服双歧杆菌活菌散剂能有效治疗急慢性腹泻,疗效和安全性与丽珠肠乐胶囊相当.     

参苓白术散加减联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗小儿腹泻疗效观察

目的观察和评价参苓白术散加减联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗小儿腹泻的临床疗效。方法选取玉田县医院60例患有腹泻的儿童,随机分成观察组和对照组。对照组给予补液纠正水、电解质紊乱等常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上服用参苓白术散加减联合酪酸梭菌活菌散,其中酪酸梭菌活菌散剂量为0．5g/次,3次／d,急性腹泻疗程为3～7d,慢性腹泻疗程为14～21d,观察疗效。结果观察组显效率为63．3％,有效率为33．3％,总有效率为96．6％;对照组显效率为46．7％,有效率为30．O％,总有效率为76．7％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,观察组疗效明显优于对照组。结论参苓白术散加减联合酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗小儿腹泻疗效显著,能迅速恢复肠道菌群平衡和肠道生理功能,值得临床推广。     

酪酸梭菌活菌散联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗儿童急性腹泻的疗效观察

目的探讨酪酸梭菌活菌散联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗儿童急性腹泻的疗效。方法选取急性腹泻患儿76例,随机分为观察组和对照组各38例。两组患儿均予以调整饮食、口服或静脉补液和纠正水电解质酸碱失衡紊乱等常规治疗。观察组患儿予以酪酸梭菌活菌散和葡萄糖酸锌联合治疗,对照组患儿予以单纯酪酸梭菌活菌散治疗。观察两组患儿治疗后主要症状和体征改善的时间,并比较其临床疗效及治疗后3个月内腹泻的复发率。结果观察组患儿治疗后的止泻、呕吐、腹痛和粪常规等恢复正常时间均明显短于对照组（P〈0.05）;同时治疗3 d后,观察组患儿临床总有效率为94.74%,明显高于对照组的78.95%（χ2=4.15,P〈0.05）。两组患儿治疗后随访3个月,其中观察组和对照组分别腹泻复发5例（13.16%）和13例（34.21%）,观察组腹泻的复发率明显低于对照组（χ2=4.66,P〈0.05）。结论酪酸梭菌活菌散联合葡萄糖酸锌治疗儿童急性腹泻的疗效较肯定,能明显改善患儿腹泻症状,缩短腹泻病程,并能减少腹泻的复发。     

双歧杆菌活菌制剂治疗小儿秋季腹泻50例疗效观察

目的观察丽珠肠乐胶囊同乳酸菌素片治疗小儿秋季腹泻的临床疗效.方法治疗组服用丽珠肠乐胶囊1粒,每日2次,疗程6 d;对照组服用乳酸菌素片1片,每日2次,疗程6 d.结果治疗组与对照组临床总有效率分别为98%和55.6%, χ2=22.38,P＜0.01,差异有高度显著性.结论丽珠肠乐胶囊治疗小儿秋季腹泻比乳酸菌素片更有效.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.