珍稀濒危资源动物——林麝

林麝为我国国家一级重点保护野生动物,为重要的经济养殖特产动物。概述了林麝的生物学特性与饲养管理,资源的利用价值,致危因素以及资源保护等方面内容,同时指出目前尚存在的一些问题。旨在为有效利用与科学保护以及林麝资源的野放试验与种群恢复提供基础参考资料。     

中国爬行动物染色体研究名录

我国在爬行动物染色体方面的研究已有20多年的历史,目前已积累了大量的资料.但是,由于资料零星而分散,迄今尚无人整理成文.而有关这类资料总结性工作,国外学者(尤其欧、美及日本)一直较为关注,先后有许多较为详细有关本地区的统计文献.为了反映我国爬行动物染色体的研究概况和进展,为该领域的研究者今后进一步研究提供一份较全面的参考文献,对我国已有的爬行动物染色体资料进行总结就显得十分必要.     

我国特有珍稀蛇--温泉蛇

温泉蛇Ｔｈｅｒｍｏｐｈｉｓｂａｉｌｅｙｉ (Ｗａｌｌ)隶属游蛇科Ｃｏｌｕｂｒｉｄａｅ,是我国垂直分布最高的 ( 43 50ｍ)唯一蛇种 ,为我国西藏高原独有。该种由Ｗａｌｌ于 1 90 7年根据西藏标本描述为Ｔｒｏｐｉｄｏｎｏｆｕｓｂａｉｌｅｙｉ ( =Ｎａｔｒｉｘｂａｉｌｅｙｉ) ,之后Ｍａｌｎａｔｅ ( 1 953 )根据骨骼等形态特征将其从Ｎａｔｒｉｘ属中分出 ,另立温泉蛇属Ｔｈｅｒｍｏｐｈｉｓ,该属仅有温泉蛇一种。温泉蛇分布局限 ,生境独特 ,种群和个体数量较少 ,标本不易获得 ,因而自新种发表后有关该种的研究报道不多。现将中科院成都生…     

中国珍稀濒危物种——朱鹮

朱曾广泛分布于中国、日本、朝鲜半岛和俄罗斯的远东地区。其它国家的朱先后灭绝,目前只栖息于我国,为我国所特有,是我国四大国宝之一,当今世界极濒危级鸟类。1981年朱在陕西洋县重新被发现时其种群数量只有7只,经20余年的保护,目前我国朱的总数已达到700余只,人工繁殖也取得巨大成功。笔者想通过本文唤起人们对生活在西部边远地区的我国珍稀鸟类———朱的关注与保护。     

峨眉山珍稀濒危药用植物资源及保护

报道了峨眉山43种国家级珍稀濒危野生药用植物,简要介绍了其药用价值及濒危状况等,并对资源保护提出了建议。     

珍稀濒危昆虫——中华虎凤蝶的生物学

中华虎凤蝶(Luehdorfia chinensis Leech)在杭州一年发生一代,以蛹越夏、越冬.1987—1989年,卵见于3月中旬至4月上、中旬,幼虫发生于4月上甸至5月中旬.在喂食25%蜂蜜水的条件下,雌、雄蝶寿命分别为12.9±5.82天和11.5±6.64天.卵2—35粒一堆,产在寄主叶背.卵期23.1±8.32天,卵发育起点温度7.68℃,有效积温111.40目度.幼虫期平均36.3天,全幼虫期取食叶面积25362.00±1820.68mm².蛹期307.5±4.65天.本文并就该蝶发生数量少的原因和应采取的保护措施作了简要讨论.     

三峡库区珍稀濒危植物资源保护对策

分析了三峡库区珍稀濒危植物资源现状。针对三峡库区珍稀濒危植物资源所面临的各种生态和社会问题,提出了相应的保护对策。这些对策包括对部分珍稀濒危植物实行迁地保护,加强种质资源保护,建立珍稀特有植物的专项或综合保护区,建立珍稀特有植物资源的环境监测体系。加强科研和宣教工作,保护珍稀濒危植物的现有生境和恢复植被等。     

河西走廊中的爬行动物——变色沙蜥

变色沙蜥是一种适于在干旱戈壁荒漠生存的爬行动物。广泛分布在我国北方地区的河西走廊腹地。主要从变色沙蜥的形态结构、生活环境、生态习性、摄食与食性和繁殖等几个方面进行了简述。     

中国淡水鱼寄生桡足类鳋科的研究

桡足类的主要组成部分是自由生活的创水溞(Cyclopoida)和镖水溞(Calanoida),它们都是鱼类的优良食料。另一部分就是营寄生生活的种类,其中有些对于鱼类的危害性很大。鳋科(Ergasilidae)是一羣由自由生活的剑水溞演变成寄生生活的过渡类型,其幼虫及雄虫完全营自由生活,只有雌性的成虫始寄生在鱼体土。     

手绘珍稀濒危植物展

为了提高人们对于我国珍稀植物资源的认知水平,增强人们的环保意识,中国科学院植物研究所北京植物园近期推出了手绘珍稀濒危植物展,展览精心布置了50余幅各类珍稀物种的彩色手绘图像,既展出了国家一级或二级保护植物,如：中华水韭、荷叶铁线蕨、银杉、伯乐树等,也展出了依据科学家们多年的调查研究而建议保护的植物,如：华盖木、三星果、五桠果等,展览颇具科学性和艺术性。     

中国的龟类

简要介绍了龟类典型的特征、龟在中国文化的渊源历史中的重要地位、龟也是生物多样性不可缺少的组成部分。较细的介绍了我国常见的海洋龟类和陆地龟类的结构特点和生态习性．提出必须重视和保护我国的龟类资源。     

井冈山地区珍稀濒危植物及其生存状况

开展国家珍稀濒危保护植物的考察、研究,对探讨区域生物多样性的性质、评价生态环境的状况和质量,提出适当的自然保护、管理对策等,均具有重要的指导意义.本文调查研究了井冈山地区珍稀濒危植物的种类、数量、分布、生长状况以及重要木本植物的群落特征,探讨了珍稀濒危植物的系统学与生物地理学特征.结果表明,井冈山地区有濒危苔藓植物2种,各类珍稀濒危野生维管植物199种.其中被《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》收录50种,被《中国物种红色名录》收录160种,被《国家重点保护野生植物名录(第一批)》收录49种,被《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约附录》收录90种.本区珍稀濒危植物的种类和数量大体上与峨眉山相当,而远高于武夷山和太白山,在系统学与生物地理学上有重要意义,具有极高的保护价值.本区保存有较大面积的以珍稀濒危植物为优势种的群落,如资源冷杉(Abies beshanzuensis vat.ziyuanensis)、华榛(Corylus chinensis)、白豆杉(Pseudotaxus chienii)、南方红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana var.mairei)、福建柏(Fokienia hodginsii)、穗花杉(Amentotaxus argotaenia)、闽楠(Phoebe bournei)、马醉木Pieris japonica)、井冈山杜鹃(Rhododendron jinggangshanicum)等群落.     

IMP-GMP 5'-nucleotidase in reptiles: occurrence in a turtle,a tortoise and three species of snakes

IMP-hydrolyzing activity, which is reactive with goose anti-pig lung IMP-GMP 5′-nucleotidase (c-N-II: EC.3.1.3.5) serum, was detected in extracts from liver, heart, kidney, spleen, stomach, skeletal muscle and lung from several species of reptiles: The values found in liver (U/mg protein) of one animal were: 4.5 for an ammono-ureotelic turtle (Trionyx sinensis japonicus); 3.7 for an ureo-uricotelic tortoise (Testudo elegans); 13–23 for three species of uricotelic snakes: Elaphe quadrivirgata, Elaphe conspicillata and Elaphe climacophora. These findings suggest that in the liver of snakes, c-N-II may participate in the production of uric acid as an end product of amino acid metabolism.     

Lactate dehydrogenase genes of caiman and Chinese soft-shelled turtle, with emphasis on the molecular phylogenetics and evolution of reptiles.

L-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cDNAs encoding for LDH-A(4) (muscle) and LDH-B(4) (heart) isozymes from caiman (Caiman crocodilus apaporiensis) belonging to the order Crocodilia and Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) belonging to the order Chelonia were sequenced. The phylogenetic relationships of the newly determined cDNA and their deduced protein sequences, as well as the previously published sequences of vertebrate LDH isozymes, were analyzed by various phylogenetic tree construction methods. These results indicated that Chelonia is indeed more closely related to Crocodilia. The divergent times between caiman and alligator, turtle and soft-shelled turtle, and Chelonia and Crocodilia were estimated to be approximately 36, 100 and 177 million years, respectively.     

Saving the endangered Mary River turtle: Enhancing conservation outcomes through community engagement

Australian biodiversity is facing an extinction crisis; yet, government spending on conservation is wholly inadequate. The involvement of local communities in fundraising, direct actions, and habitat restoration is becoming vital in the fate of threatened species. Here, we review the research outputs and impact generated from 22 years of conservation-driven collaboration between researchers and a local community focused on saving the endangered Mary River turtle (Elusor macrurus). The study found that this collaboration generated a significant body of research that advanced the ecological knowledge of the species and ensured the findings were being applied towards the conservation of the turtle, locally and nationally. While the national listing status of E. macrurus as endangered has not changed over the past 22 years, the knowledge gained about the turtle's biology and its use to better advise development and water resources in the catchment suggests that the species' future is brighter than when it was first discovered in 1994. This review demonstrates the potential of local communities in driving and supporting conservation initiatives and provides a blueprint for scientific endeavours that inform adaptive community conservation programmes for threatened species.     

中国濒危鱼类、两栖爬行类和哺乳类的地理分布格局与优先保护区域——基于《中国濒危动物红皮书》的分析

《中国濒危动物红皮书》依据我国动物所面临的濒危,对我国濒危动物的濒危等级划分,种群现状,致危因素和保护措施等进行了描述说明,首批收录了535种濒危动物。本文以《中国濒危动物红皮书》中所收录的352种濒危脊椎动物（不含鸟类（以下简记为“濒危植物”）为研究对象,整理统计了现有濒危物种的分布资料,在GIS支持下,对中国濒危动物的地理分布进行了研究。结果表明,中国濒危动物物种呈明显的集聚分布,最密集的地区是横断山区,海南岛,西双版纳和云贵高原;而在华北平原,内蒙古东部,黄土高原和东北平原等地区出现大片空白区。影响濒危动物分布的主要因素有热量和水分条件,地形条件等自然条件以及历史开发,人为破坏等人文条件。山地因地形屏障作用而保留了较多的古老物种,其较为复杂的环境因子也有益物种的生存,因而物种丰富度较高。大多数动物对于水分和热量的依赖性较强,因此水热条件对其分布的限制作用十分明显。人为破坏较为严重的地区,濒危物种稀少;污染,开荒等引起的环境问题对于现存动物的威胁很。运用Dobson排除算法得到云南勐腊县等9个县分布有168种濒危动物,占全国总数（海生种类及仅分布于台湾和香港的特有种除外）的51．5％,而其土地面积之和仅为全国陆地总面积的0．9％。而云南勐腊县等94个县市就分布有中国所有的濒危动物。这些地区是我国生物多样性保护应该优先考虑的地方。     

Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships in the critically endangered Asian box turtle genus Cuora

Turtles are currently the most endangered major clade of vertebrates on earth, and Asian box turtles (Cuora) are in catastrophic decline. Effective management of this diverse turtle clade has been hampered by human-mediated, and perhaps natural hybridization, resulting in discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear markers and confusion regarding species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships among hypothesized species of Cuora. Here, we present analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data for all 12 currently hypothesized species to resolve both species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships. Our 15-gene, 40-individual nuclear data set was frequently in conflict with our mitochondrial data set; based on its general concordance with published morphological analyses and the strength of 15 independent estimates of evolutionary history, we interpret the nuclear data as representing the most reliable estimate of species boundaries and phylogeny of Cuora. Our results strongly reiterate the necessity of using multiple nuclear markers for phylogeny and species delimitation in these animals, including any form of DNA "barcoding", and point to Cuora as an important case study where reliance on mitochondrial DNA can lead to incorrect species identification.