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1.
石油污染土壤的生物修复技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
简要综述了土壤生物修复技术及其在石油污染土壤修复中的应用现状,着重讨论了生物强化修复技术及其应用过程中所涉及的关键技术问题;介绍了真菌-细菌协同修复石油污染耕地以及该技术与秸秆填埋发酵相集成修复油-盐混合污染耕地的研究成果。  相似文献   

2.
石油污染土壤的生物修复与土壤酶活性关系   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11  
研究了不同油浓度污染土壤经过两个为期125d的生物修复后的土壤中过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和脂肪酶的酶活变化,分析了土壤中3种酶活性的变化特征与规律。结果表明,随着油浓度的增加,土壤中过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性下降,脂肪酶活性增加;经过生物修复后,土壤中的过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性在第二周期要比第一周期提高,而脂肪酶活性下降;这3种土壤酶活性变化受污染物浓度影响不显著,但不同浓度油污染土壤的修复对过氧化氢酶的影响要大于对多酚氧化酶和脂肪酶的影响。  相似文献   

3.
植物修复油污土壤是控制环境污染的有效途径,但在实际应用中存在着植物生物量较小、生长缓慢等不足。将具有修复功能的外源基因引入植物中,使转基因植物的生物修复功能大大增强,为解决土壤石油污染问题提供了有效手段。文章系统论述了转基因植物对石油污染土壤中有机污染物,尤其是对持久性有机污染物(POPs)的吸收、转化和降解作用以及近年来所取得的突破性进展,并指出了利用生物基因修复技术进行土壤石油污染研究的发展趋势。  相似文献   

4.
不同类型原油污染土壤生物修复技术研究   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:15  
对不同类型原油污染土壤在实用规模的预制床上采用堆制技术进行生物修复 .通过投加肥料、菌剂、控制水分和pH ,可使微生物获得较好的生态环境 .当稀油、高凝油、特稠油和稠油污染的土壤中原油总量为 2 5 .8~ 77.2 g·kg-1土时 ,经过近 2个月的运行 ,石油总量的去除率可达 38.37%~ 5 6 .74 % .石油中芳烃、沥青和胶质混合物是制约石油快速降解的主要因素 .在处理过程中筛选出石油降解的优势菌株 ,其中有 6株真菌、6株细菌和 1株放线菌 .研究结果为石油污染土壤异位生物修复技术实用化提供了理论依据 .  相似文献   

5.
石油烃污染土壤的生物修复   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从中原油田污染土壤中通过实验室驯化培养分离到一组能以中原原油为碳源的快速生长的石油烃降解菌.用该组降解菌接种原油污染土壤,研究其原位生物联合修复实验,接种降解菌的各区分别种植大豆、施有机肥料、施有机肥料和锯末,与空白试样作对比.经过120d的联合修复,各区石油降解菌的总数(lgcfu/g)由接种时的5.25分别变为7.79、4.96、5.15、4.67.石油烃降解率分别达到89.4%、72.5%、76.7%、49.2%.表明分离的该组石油烃降解菌是一组高效降解菌且其与植物联合修复石油污染土壤能显著提高修复效果.  相似文献   

6.
生物修复技术是处理石油污染土壤最简单有效的方法之一。本文在系统概述土壤石油污染的环境危害及多种土壤修复技术的基础上,着重介绍了菌根生物修复技术,论述了菌根真菌对土壤中石油污染物的降解效果,探讨了菌根真菌降解污染物的可能机制:酶作用、根际作用、共代谢作用、基因调控;讨论了石油污染土壤的菌根生物修复前景和发展趋势。  相似文献   

7.
低温微生物修复石油烃类污染土壤研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Wang SJ  Wang X  Lu GL  Wang QH  Li FS  Guo GL 《应用生态学报》2011,22(4):1082-1088
耐冷菌、嗜冷菌等低温微生物广泛存在于极地、高山以及高纬度等土壤环境中,是石油烃类污染物在低温条件下降解与转化的重要微生物资源.利用低温微生物的独特优势,石油污染土壤的低温生物修复技术的研究成为当前热点领域.本文系统综述了低温石油烃降解菌的分类及冷适机制,低温微生物对不同类型石油烃组分的降解特征和降解机理,低温环境中接种降解菌、添加营养物质和表面活性剂等强化技术在石油污染土壤中生物修复的应用.以及微生物分子生物学技术在低温微生物降解石油烃的研究现状,为拓展我国石油污染土壤生物修复技术提供参考.  相似文献   

8.
石油污染土壤植物-微生物修复研究进展   总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34  
依据国内外近10年来有关石油污染土壤生物修复研究的成果,综合阐述了石油污染土壤的植物修复、微生物修复及植物-微生物联合修复方法研究,重点讨论植物-微生物联合作用,主要包括植物根际微生物、根分泌物以及菌根对石油污染物降解的影响,提出了污染土壤原位修复中需要重视的问题.  相似文献   

9.
石油污染土壤的生物修复技术   总被引:48,自引:6,他引:48  
1 前 言在石油生产、贮运、炼制加工及使用过程中 ,由于事故 ,不正常操作及检修等原因 ,都会有石油烃类的溢出和排放。例如 ,油田开发过程中的井喷事故 ;输油管线和贮油罐的泄漏事故 ;油槽车和油轮的泄漏事故 ;油井清蜡和油田地面设备检修 ;炼油和石油化工生产装置检修等。石油烃类大量溢出 ,应当尽可能予以回收 ,但有的情况下回收很困难 ,即使尽力回收 ,仍会残留一部分 ,对环境 (土壤、地面和地下水 )造成污染。其进入土壤后 ,会破坏土壤结构 ,分散土粒 ,使土壤的透水性降低。其富含的反应基能与无机氮、磷结合并限制硝化作用和脱磷酸作…  相似文献   

10.
中原石油污染土壤原位微生物生态修复技术的应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用优化原位土著微生物菌群辅以物理和化学相结合的生态修复技术, 进行了河南中原油田石油残留污染土壤的野外修复应用研究。修复结果显示, 土壤中残留石油含量平均在2 898.25 mg/kg时, 经过99 d微生物生态修复技术的实施, 土壤中石油含量降解可达99%以上, 为油田区土壤石油残留污染的修复提供了技术方法和推广应用的可行性研究。  相似文献   

11.
由中国社会科学院经济研究所、农业经济研究所、城乡建设环境保护部环保局、中国生态学学会和中国《人与生物圈》国家委员会于1984年2月14日至21日在北京联合召开全国生态经济科学讨论会暨中国生态经济学会成立大会。出席会议的有来自28个省市的代表,其中有自然科学、社会科学的专家、学者、教授、科技人员和新闻出版部门的同志,共170人。中央领导和有关部委的领导同志对这次会议的召开十分重视,万里副总理亲自到会作了报告,并对学会今后的工作、任务提出了具体要求。林业部部长杨钟同志、城乡建设环境保护部部长李锡铭同志、农牧渔业部顾问边疆同志、国家计划委员会副主任柳随年同志,以及几位著名科学家、经济学家出席了大会,并讲了话,热烈祝贺中国生态经济学会的成立,大力支持开展生态经济学的研究。这次会议的目的:一是以“生态平衡和社会主义建设”为  相似文献   

12.
中国水青冈分布,生长和更新特点   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
吴刚 《生态学杂志》1997,16(4):47-51
中国水青冈分布、生长和更新特点吴刚(中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085)Distribution,GrowthandRevegetationalCharacteristicsofFagusinChina.WuGang(ResearchCen...  相似文献   

13.
    
Enhanced bioremediation of phenanthrene-contaminated soil with Mycobacterium pallens was conducted. Kaolinite was used in the tests as a soil matrix and was artificially contaminated with phenanthrene at a concentration of 2 mg phenanthrene per gram dry soil. Mycobacterim pallens at concentration of 108 colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter was used as a potential microorganism to degrade phenanthrene. Aspects of the study included evaluating efficacy of using Mycobacterium pallens for degrading phenanthrene, electrokinetics for delivering nutrients and microorganisms to contaminated soil, and solar panels for generating power for electrokinetic bioremediation. A novel anode-cathode configuration, in which the anode and cathode are placed in the same compartment, was implemented to control/minimize changes in pH during electrokinetic bioremediation. The nutrients (NO3?), electrical current, temperature, Mycobacterium pallens (CFU), and phenatherene concentration were evaluated. The results showed that solar panels generated sufficient power for electrokinetic bioremediation. The highest current obtained was generated when bacteria and nutrients were added to the soil. This was associated with the highest phenanthrene removal from the soil (50% of the initial concentration). Additionally, we determined that the novel anode-cathode configuration in the electrokinetic bioremediation cell was successful in delivering the bacteria and nutrients to the contaminated soil and in maintaining a relatively neutral pH around the electrode compartments, which improved the remediation. Overall, this study showed that the use of solar power with electrokinetic bioremediation can provide a cost-effective approach to reduce and remove hydrocarbon contaminations in soil.  相似文献   

14.
石油污染土壤堆制微生物降解研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
采用异位生物修复技术堆式堆制处理方法 ,对辽河油田原油污染土壤进行了生物修复处理研究 .处理工程设 4个处理料堆单元 ,每个处理单元长 118.5cm ,宽 6 5 .5cm ,高 12 .5cm .研究结果表明 ,当进行处理的石油污染土壤中石油烃总量为 5 .2 2 g·10 0 g-1土时 ,利用黄孢原毛平革菌 (Phanerochaetechrysospori um) ,经过 5 5d的运行 ,石油烃总量去除率达 5 4.2 % .堆制处理中影响污染土壤石油烃总量生物降解的主要变化因子为污染土壤的O2 和CO2 含量、降解石油烃微生物的数量、污染土壤pH的变化 .通过监测这些数据的变化 ,可直接反映该工程的处理石油污染土壤的效果 .本处理工程采用定期通风措施 ,操作简单、运行费用低廉 ,为石油污染土壤生物修复实用化提供了一种简单易行的污染土壤清洁技术 .  相似文献   

15.
一株表面活性剂产生菌的筛选及其特性研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
从氧化沟含油污水中分离得到1株能产生物表面活性剂菌株S6(Pseudomonas sp.),经生理生化实验和16SrDNA序列分析鉴定,S6为铜绿假单胞菌。红外光谱分析得知S6在代谢过程中能够产生糖脂类表面活性物质。其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为50mg/L,可将水的表面张力由72mN/m降到33.9mN/m。发酵液的表面张力和排油直径的测定结果显示发酵液在不同的盐度、pH和溶解氧量条件下,具有较稳定的表面活性。通过正交实验确定了优化培养基条件为葡萄糖10g、尿素5g、磷酸二氢钾1g、微量元素液2mL、pH8.0、水1000mL;S6在优化培养基中合成生物表面活性剂的产量为0.173g/L。  相似文献   

16.
The use of white-rot fungi as a biotechnological tool for cleaning the environment of recalcitrant pollutants has been under evaluation for several years. However, it is still not possible to find sufficiently detailed investigations of this subject to conclude that these fungi can decontaminate the environment. In the present review, we have summarized and discussed evidence about the potential of white-rot fungi to degrade such pollutants as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dyes or antibiotics as an example of the complex structures that these microorganisms can attack. This review also discusses field experiment results and limitations of white-rot fungi trials from contaminated sites. Moreover, the use of catabolic potential of white-rot fungi in biopurification systems (biobeds) is also discussed. The current status and future perspectives of white-rot fungi, as a viable biotechnological alternative for improvement of environmental health are noted.  相似文献   

17.
Fermented whey has previously been shown to stimulate biodegradation of n-hexadecane in diesel contaminated soils. The proposed explanation for the stimulatory effect is that fermented whey provides easily accessible carbon and micronutrients, which give rise to an increased degrading biomass.The objective of this work has been to investigate the role of the different carbon sources and vitamins in fermented whey on the microbial degradation of n-hexadecane in soil.The effects of lactose, lactate, vitamins and free amino acids were tested in combinations according to a full factorial design experiment, at concentrations corresponding to those present in fermented whey. The target substance was 14C-labeled n-hexadecane in nutrient amended soil microcosms contaminated with 5000 mg diesel fuel kg−1 dw. Biodegradation was monitored by determination of evolved 14CO2.Significant effects on the biodegradation of n-hexadecane were observed for lactate and amino acids additions in a sandy soil. Lactate showed both an inhibitory effect in the early phase of the experiment and a stimulatory effect in the later phase. The effect of amino acids was slightly stimulatory, mainly evident as a shortening of the lag time.The degree of n-hexadecane degradation at the end of the experiment was correlated with the total concentration of organic compounds added to the soil.

Scientific relevance

There are a handful papers describing the potential of using organic amendments (often industrial by-products) with a content of both easily accessible carbon and micronutrients, to enhance the bioremediation of polluted soils. Enhanced biodegradation is often reported and the proposed explanations are that the combination of easily accessible carbon and micronutrients increases the degrading biomass.In this paper, we examine the effect of fermented whey on the degradation of n-hexadecane and correlate the observed effects on the biodegradation with the main components lactate, amino acids, lactose and B-vitamins. This has to our knowledge never been done before.  相似文献   

18.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This work studied the bioremediation of weathered crude oil (WCO) in coastal sediment samples using central composite face centered design (CCFD) under response surface methodology (RSM). Initial oil concentration, biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were used as independent variables (factors) and oil removal as dependent variable (response) in a 60 days trial. A statistically significant model for WCO removal was obtained. The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9732) and probability value (P < 0.0001) demonstrated significance for the regression model. Numerical optimization based on desirability function were carried out for initial oil concentration of 2, 16 and 30 g per kg sediment and 83.13, 78.06 and 69.92 per cent removal were observed respectively, compare to 77.13, 74.17 and 69.87 per cent removal for un-optimized results.  相似文献   

19.
    
Oil contamination is a worldwide concern now. However, oil contaminated environment is enriched with microorganisms that can utilize petroleum oil and use hydrocarbon for their growth, nutrition and metabolic activities. In the present study, bacteria present in the oil contaminated soil were isolated by enrichment culture technique using Minimal Salt (MS) media supplemented with diesel oil and burned engine oil as a sole carbon source. The isolated bacteria were characterized by morphological and biochemical tests and identified by molecular tool through cycle sequencing method. Three isolates were morphologically characterized as gram-negative, cocci shaped and 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that the isolates are closely related to Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., and Enterobacter sp. respectively. Growth condition was optimized at pH 7.0 and temperature 37 °C. All the isolates were susceptible to several antibiotics and they have no antagonistic effect with soil beneficial bacteria. Three isolates were grown in two different concentrations of diesel oil and burned engine oil (4% v/v and 8%, v/v) respectively. Study revealed that with increasing the concentration of diesel oil in the media the growth rate of all the isolates were decreased. In contrast, the growth rates of all the three isolates were increased, with increasing concentration of burned engine oil. In our study, all the isolates showed their degradation efficacy in 4% v/v diesel oil and in 8% v/v burned engine oil. So, our research clearly shows that the isolates could be potentially used for bioremediation purposes for cleaning up petroleum polluted area.  相似文献   

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