超临界CO2萃取新疆产孜然油的成分分析

通过对超临界ＣＯ２萃取法萃取的新疆产孜然油的成分进行分析发现,采用超临界萃取法所得的孜然油,其主要几个组分与水蒸气蒸馏法所得孜然精油的成分完全一致,但油的产率和香质均优于水蒸气蒸馏的孜然精油。     

芹菜子的超临界CO2流体萃取物的化学成分研究

本文采用ＧＣ和ＧＣ－ＭＳ技术,就芹菜子的超临界ＣＯ２流体萃取法（ＳＦＥ－ＣＯ２）精油和水汽蒸馏法（ＳＤ）精油的化学组成作了对比研究。结果表明,ＳＤ法精油的主要成分为单萜烯烃类物质,而ＳＦＥ－ＣＯ２法精油为苯并呋喃酮类化合物。共有３２种化合物被鉴定,其中两种为首次在芹子油中被发现。     

沙蚕毒素的等温加湿超临界CO_2-萃取法研究

本文研究了用等温加湿超临界ＣＯ２从海洋蠕虫状动物沙蚕体腔细胞中,提取沙蚕毒素的萃取条件（温度、压力、时间）对萃取过程的影响。探讨了等温加湿超临界ＣＯ２萃取法与传统提取方法比较的最佳选择分离方法。     

云南使君子仁油中挥发性成分的GC—MS分析

采用醇提和乙酸乙酯萃取使君子仁油,用固相微萃取技术对油中的挥发性成分进行GC-MS定性和定量分析。结果表明：使君子仁油的挥发性成分中含有52种精油成分,鉴定出29种化合物,其中蚁酸、乙酸、柠檬烯、甲苯的含量较高,分别为1．65％、6．51％、2．41％、2．75％。使君子仁油中所含挥发性成分大多为有毒和刺激性化合物,为保证用药的安全性,在直接食用种仁驱虫时必须熟食,禁止生食,避免发生中毒现象。     

超临界CO2萃取葡萄籽油的化学成分

葡萄籽油的化学成分,前人曾研究过山葡萄（ Ｖｉｔｉｓ　ａｍｕｒｅｎｓｉｓ Ｒｕｐｒ）种子中的油脂,含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸（中国油脂编写委员会,１９８７）。葡萄（Ｖｉｔｉｓ　ｖｉｎｉｆｅｒａ　Ｌ．）种子油除含上述成分外还含亚麻酸和微量月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸（Ｂｏｍｂａｒｄｅｌｌｅ,１９９５）。但对挥发油,特别是酿酒后的葡萄籽油的成分尚未报道。作者利用超临界ＣＯ２革取装置提取该葡萄籽油,对挥发性成分和脂肪酸进行了研究,现报道如下。ｌ材料与方法 样品由云南红酒业有限公司提供酿酒后的葡萄籽。 超临界 Ｃ…     

超临界二氧化碳萃取亚麻籽油的研究

采用半连续流程以亚麻籽（含水率5％,含油率47％）为原料,超临界CO2为溶剂萃取亚麻籽油。探讨了操作压力,温度,时间,CO2流量及亚麻籽破碎情况对萃取的影响。用国家标准分析了不同萃取条件下得到的亚麻籽油,用GC－MS分析了亚麻籽油的组成,亚麻酸是主要成分,超临界萃取得到的亚麻籽油可作为高质量的保健食用油。     

几种芸香科柑桔类精油的化学成分与香气的研究

采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析方法,定性定量地分析了香柠檬油、柠檬油、甜橙油、柚子皮油、蒸馏桔子油、冷榨桔子油、野香橼叶油、野香橼果油的化学成分。它们的主要成分及含量各不相同,其香气各具特色。本文还讨论了精油中单萜类化合物、葛缕醇、酮类化合物、香茅醛、孟烯醇类化合物对精油品质及香气的影响,也为野香橼叶油、果油及柚子皮油的应用提供理论依据。     

中药现代化与超临界流体萃取的应用

论述了超临界流体萃取技术在中药开发及产业化中应用的优越性,萃取能力强、提取率高、有效成分高度富集;操作温度低,有铲成分不被破坏;提取时间快、生产周期短,操作参数容易控制,有效成分及产品质量稳定,超临界ＣＯ２具有灭菌作用;应用于药物分析,是一种高效的分析手段,能客观地反应３中药有交成分的起初含量;该不仅工艺上优越,质量标准容易控制,其萃取药药理、临床效果能够保主或更好;流程简单、操作方便,节省劳动力     

芫荽子的超临界CO2流体萃取研究

本文用超临界ＣＯ２流体技术对芫荽子的萃取进行了研究,探讨了原料粒度、温度、压力、流体密度对萃取效率的影响,并对其中挥发油的选择性萃取作了初步探索。     

缬草根油的化学成分

缬草根油的化学成分先静缄,袁果,张永祥,袁家谟,罗新文（贵州省生物研究所,贵阳５５０００９）（晴隆县柑桔场,晴隆５６１４００）关键词缬草,精油,超临界ＣＯ＿２萃取ＴＨＥＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＩＣＯＮＳＴＩＴＵＥＮＴＳＯＦＥＳＳＥＮＴＩＡＬＯＩＬＦＲＯＭＲＯＯ...     

Inhibitory effect of essential oils against herpes simplex virus type 2.

Essential oils from anise, hyssop, thyme, ginger, camomile and sandalwood were screened for their inhibitory effect against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro on RC-37 cells using a plaque reduction assay. Genital herpes is a chronic, persistent infection spreading efficiently and silently as sexually transmitted disease through the population. Antiviral agents currently applied for the treatment of herpesvirus infections include acyclovir and its derivatives. The inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were determined at 0.016%, 0.0075%, 0.007%, 0.004%, 0.003% and 0.0015% for anise oil, hyssop oil, thyme oil, ginger oil, camomile oil and sandalwood oil, respectively. A clearly dose-dependent virucidal activity against HSV-2 could be demonstrated for all essential oils tested. In order to determine the mode of the inhibitory effect, essential oils were added at different stages during the viral infection cycle. At maximum noncytotoxic concentrations of the essential oils, plaque formation was significantly reduced by more than 90% when HSV-2 was preincubated with hyssop oil, thyme oil or ginger oil. However, no inhibitory effect could be observed when the essential oils were added to the cells prior to infection with HSV-2 or after the adsorption period. These results indicate that essential oils affected HSV-2 mainly before adsorption probably by interacting with the viral envelope. Camomile oil exhibited a high selectivity index and seems to be a promising candidate for topical therapeutic application as virucidal agents for treatment of herpes genitalis.     

DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF ORAL PUNGENCY1

Pungent spices are well-recognized for their aromatic and pungent nature; however, relatively little is known about their pungent or ‘burning’ responses. Therefore, this research was undertaken to characterize oral pungency of the principal irritants or red pepper (capsaicin), black pepper (piperine), cinnamon (cinnamaldehyde), cumin (cuminaldehyde), cloves (eugenol), ginger (ginger oleoresin), and alcohol (ethanol). These compounds were evaluated for four pungent qualities (burning, tingling, numbing, overall), two temporal qualities (lag time, overall duration), and three spatial qualities (longitudinal location, lateral location, localized/diffuse). The pungency of cinnamaldehyde was primarily burning and tingling. It had a quick onset and rapid decay. The pungency of eugenol had a long-lasting, predominantly numbing effect. The pungency piperine, capsaicin and ginger were primarily burning, but had different temporal and spatial responses. The pungency of ethanol was most diffuse in nature, with some burning and tingling sensations. It had the shortest perceived onset and overall duration. The pungency of cuminaldehyde was equally burning, tingling and numbing.     

翼蓼和中华抱茎蓼挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别从翼蓼和中华抱茎蓼中提取其挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对挥发油中的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对百分含量.结果表明:翼蓼中总共鉴定出31种成分,中华抱茎蓼中鉴定出21种成分,分别占到挥发油总含量的84.0%和93.8%,翼蓼挥发油中主要成分是表蓝桉醇(15.9%)、甲苯(8.6%)、反式橙花叔醇(6.9%);中华抱茎蓼挥发油主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(19.9%)、2,4-戊二酮(17.2%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(11.7%)、3-甲基-2,3-二氢苯并呋喃(10.7%).     

Chemotaxonomic Investigations of Peel and Petitgrain Essential Oils from 17 Citron Cultivars

Chemical compositions of essential oils from 17 citron cultivars were studied using GC and GC/MS. To the best of our knowledge, chemical compositions of peel and petitgrain oils from seven of them were reported for the first time. Combined analysis of peel and petitgrain essential oils led to the identification of 37 components (amounting to 98.2–99.9% of the total oil) and 42 components (97.0–99.9%), respectively. Statistical analysis was applied to identify possible relationships between citron cultivars. The levels of seven components, i.e., limonene, β‐pinene, γ‐terpinene, neral, geranial, nerol, and geraniol, indicated that the cultivars could be classified in four main chemotypes for peel and petitgrain oils. Chemotaxonomic investigations were carried out to establish relations between the morphological characteristics of citron cultivars and their corresponding oil compositions.     

In vitro activity of essential oils extracted from plants used as spices against fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida spp

In the present study, the antifungal activity of selected essential oils obtained from plants used as spices was evaluated against both fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible Candida spp. The Candida species studied were Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, and Candida krusei. For comparison purposes, they were arranged in groups as C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and Candida non-albicans. The essential oils were obtained from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn, Lippia graveolens HBK, Ocimum basilicum L., Origanum vulgare L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Salvia officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., and Zingiber officinale. The susceptibility tests were based on the M27-A2 methodology. The chemical composition of the essential oils was obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and by retention indices. The results showed that cinnamon, Mexican oregano, oregano, thyme, and ginger essential oils have different levels of antifungal activity. Oregano and ginger essential oils were found to be the most and the least efficient, respectively. The main finding was that the susceptibilities of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, and Candida non-albicans to Mexican oregano, oregano, thyme, and ginger essential oils were higher than those of the fluconazole-susceptible yeasts (P<0.05). In contrast, fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and Candida non-albicans were less susceptible to cinnamon essential oil than their fluconazole-susceptible counterparts (P<0.05). A relationship between the yeasts' susceptibilities and the chemical composition of the essential oils studied was apparent when these 2 parameters were compared. Finally, basil, rosemary, and sage essential oils did not show antifungal activity against Candida isolates at the tested concentrations.     

矿物油乳剂拒避橘小实蝇的有效组分分析

高品质的矿物油乳剂可用于有机食品生产,在害虫综合治理中有良好的应用前景。矿物油是包含多种化学成分的混合物,其组成成分和比例决定其理化性质并关系到其防治病虫害的效果。已有研究报道表明,矿物油乳剂对许多害虫有拒避作用,但其机理及相关性组成成分尚未研究清楚。本实验测定了4种矿物油乳剂即SK绿颖农用喷洒油、加德士-路易夏用油、安波尔喷洒油、法夏乐石蜡油（分别简称为SK,Caltex,Ampol和Citrole油）和Caltex油＜120℃,＞120℃,＜105℃,105~120℃及SK油＜110℃、＞110℃等6种分子蒸馏组分的正构烷烃碳数当量nCy值、碳数分布值及其对橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的产卵拒避效果。室内生物测定结果显示,橘小实蝇在SK,Caltex,Ampol和Citrole油0.5%水乳液及清水浸蘸处理后的香蕉上平均产卵孔数分别为17.850±1.282,3.400±0.630,15.850±1.439,20.650±1.212和19.050±1.155,在同样方法处理的阳桃上平均产卵孔数分别为15.500±3.969,3.000±0.707,13.750±4.131,17.250±4.385和62.000±4.708。橘小实蝇在6种分子蒸馏组分0.5%水乳液处理后的香蕉上的平均产卵孔数分别为4.400±1.166,8.200±0.583,5.400±1.720,2.400±1.077,4.800±1.594和12.200±2.63,显示不同矿物油的拒避效果差异显著（P<0.05）,拒避效果最好的矿物油的正构烷烃碳数当量nCy值在nC23左右.矿物油对橘小实蝇的产卵拒避效果与其相应的碳数分布值的Spearman等级相关性分析显示,其拒避效果与矿物油中的C23组分的含量呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）。这可为进一步分析矿物油乳剂拒避害虫的作用成分和探索其机理提供参考。     

樟树叶挥发性成分研究

通过GC/MS方法,对湖南樟树嫩叶、老叶以及枯叶挥发油的成分和抗氧化性能进行了研究,分析鉴定了其中含量占95%以上的31个化合物.结果表明:嫩叶中以Copaene(28.55%)、石竹烯(25.81%)和α-石竹烯(12.69%)为主要成分;老叶挥发油以芳樟醇含量最高(78.30%);枯叶挥发油主含石竹烯(38.64%...     

The larvicidal effect of neemazal T/S,clove oil and ginger oil on tomato leafminer,Tuta absoluta compared to coragen

The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and biochemical changes of Tuta absoluta 3^rd instar larvae affected by neemazal T/S, clove oil and ginger oil. These compounds were evaluated compared to the recommended pesticide, Coragen 20% SC. by means of sublethal concentrations, LC₂₅ and LC₅₀ under constant laboratory conditions. Results showed that neemazal T/S is more toxic than detected oils compared with higher toxicity of coragen with LC₅₀ values of 57.52, 159.94, 633.38 and 930.71 μg mL^?1 for coragen, neemazal, ginger oil and clove oil, respectively. There were highly significant differences between all treatments and untreated larvae. Neemazal possessed the greatest effect on activity level of most physiological parameters than selected oils. Larval content of digestive enzymes was decreased significantly 48 h after all treatments except for lipase, α-esterase and β-esterase (in case of coragen and clove oil). Also, total proteins, total carbohydrates, total lipids and total free amino acids take the same trend. Based on this study, these sublethal doses caused a significantly dose-dependent perturbation in determined components.     

三种桉叶油化学成分研究

通过水蒸汽蒸油试验,发现已贮藏半年多的风干桉叶,仍有较高的含油量。云南省弥勒产的直杆桉(Eucalyptus maidenii)得油率为4.14％,蓝桉(E.globulus)为3.5％,福建省惠安产的窿缘桉(E.exserta)为1.2％,桉叶油生产厂也可以通过贮藏的风干桉叶生产桉叶油。通过气相色谱和质谱分析,从直杆桉叶油中鉴定出44个组份,蓝桉叶油中鉴定出35个组份,窿缘桉叶油中鉴定出26个组份。三种桉叶油单萜部分的组份基本一致,只是相对含量各有不同。桉油素含量,以直杆桉最高为68.02％,其次是蓝桉为67.54％,窿缘桉最低为34.33％。直杆桉、蓝桉可以怍材、油两用树种,窿缘桉不宜作油用树种。     

Chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Helichrysum species from Tanzania

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Helichrysum cymosum and H. fulgidum, from Tanzania, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of sixty-five compounds, representing 92.4% and 88.2% of the two oils, respectively, were identified. trans-Caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, beta-pinene, p-cymene, spathulenol and beta-bourbonene were found to be the main components. Furthermore, the oils were tested against six gram (+/-) bacteria and three pathogenic fungi. It was found that the oil of H. fulgidum exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, while the oil of H. cymosum was not active at all.