首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 207 毫秒
1.
诌议土壤盐渍化的生态防治   总被引:25,自引:1,他引:24  
诌议土壤盐渍化的生态防治王春裕(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)DiscusiononEcologicalControlofSoilSalinization.WangChunyu(InstituteofAppliedEcology,Aca...  相似文献   

2.
沈阳市东陵区丘陵坡地坡面太阳直射光的分布及其分析郭林海(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)DistributionofDirectSolarRadiationonHillySlopesofDonglingDistrictofShenyangMunicipalityandItsAnalysis¥GuoLinhai(InstituteofAppliedEcology,AcademiaSinica,Shenyang110015).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(1):59-61.Basedonthelatest1:50000topographicmap,the1:100000slopegradationmapisdrawnoutandareacalculationismade.Thedirectsolarradiationintypicalsitesofthedistrictismeasuredandcalculated,andthevariationcurvesofannualfluxofdirectsolarradiationonvariousslopedirecti  相似文献   

3.
沈阳市东陵区景观生态潜力研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
沈阳市东陵区景观生态潜力研究赵羿,吴彦明(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)邓百祥(辽宁省水利水电勘测设计研究院,沈阳110006)EcologicalPotentialofLaudscapeinDonglingDistrictofShenyang¥ZhaoYi;WuYanming(InstituteofAppliedEcology,AcademiaSinica,Shenyang110015),DengBaixiang(LiaoningAcademyofWaterCon-servancyandWaterPowerSureeyingandDesigning,Shenyang110006).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(5):1-8。Ecologicalpotentialoflaudscapeconsistsofitsproductivepotential,ecologicalpotentialandpricelesspo-tential.Throughcalculatingdifferentproductivepotentials(photosyntheticpot  相似文献   

4.
沿海防护林体系热效应的遥感分析王述礼,金昌杰,关德新(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所110015)RemoteSensingAnalysisontheHeatEffectsofCoastalShelterbeltSystem.¥WangShuli;Ji...  相似文献   

5.
生态场理论及生态场特性   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
邹锐 《生态学杂志》1995,14(1):49-53
生态场理论及生态场特性邹锐(云南大理州环科所生态室,671000)TheoryandCharacteristicsofEcologicalField.¥ZouRui(DaliPrefecturalInstituteofEnviron-mentalSi...  相似文献   

6.
山东省引种乌桕的生态适应性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
山东省引种乌桕的生态适应性分析王华田杨锦(山东农业大学,泰安271018)(山东日照港务局,276826)AnalysisofEcologicalAdaptationofSapiumsabiferumIntroducedtoShandongProvi...  相似文献   

7.
加强农业生态学的实验研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
加强农业生态学的实验研究闻大中(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)StrengtheningExperixnentalResearcbesofAgroecology¥WenDazhong(InstituteofAppliedEcology,A-cadelniaSinica,Shenyang110015).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(2):8-10.Thispaperdescribesthreebasicresearchapproachesinecologicalstudies,andemphasizesontheimpor-tanceofexperimentalapproach,whichshouldbeconsideredasabasicresearchapproachofagroecology.Hoviever,currentexperimentalstudiesofagroecologyinChinaneedstobestrengthened,andmoreef-fortsareneededtoimproveexperimentalresearchfaci  相似文献   

8.
探索CO2失汇之谜   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
Science杂志一年一度的 10大科技进展 (Break through)评选揭晓。大气“CO2 失汇” (Missingcarbonsink)现象的阐明被列为其中之一 (TheNewsandEd itorialStaffsofScience ,2 0 0 1)。这是一件令生态  相似文献   

9.
内蒙古白音敖包自然保护区沙地云杉林的基本特征、存在问题与解决途径徐文铎(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)BasicCharacteristics,ExistingProblemsandTheirSolutlonsforSpruceForestonSandlandofBaiyi-naobaoNaturalReserve,InneerMongolia¥XuWenduo(InstituteofAppliedEcology,AcademiaSinica,Shenyang1100l5)(ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(5):39-44.Spruceforestonsandlandisaspecialtypeofterrestrialforestecosystem,whichonlyexistsattheedgeoftheXiaotengelideserthInnerMongolia,Mongoliafloraisthedominantspeciesintheforest,whichalsoincludesXinganandNorthChinaflora,Thecomposi  相似文献   

10.
青州南部山区冬季鸟类群落生态的初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
青州南部山区冬季鸟类群落生态的初步研究丛建国(山东潍坊教育学院生物系,青州262500)CommunityEcologyofWinterBirdsinSouthernMountoinousDistrictofQingzhou¥CongJoanguo(De-partmentofBiology,WeifangEducationalCollege,ShandongProvince,Qingzhou262500).ChineseJour-nalofEcoloLyy,1993,12(5):52-55。AsurveyonbirdcommunitiesinsouthernmountainousdistanceofQingZhou,ShandongProvince,iscouducted30speciesarefoundand4time;dominantspeciea,Thenumberofspeciesanddensityofbirdcommunityarevariedwithdifferenthabitats,UsingFuzzyanalysismethod,6bird.Communitiesareclassitied  相似文献   

11.
Investigation of microbial communities of Antarctica soils is a very important field of research that expands our knowledge of microbial participation in primary soil formation and specific features of their communities in extreme habitats, and it is of considerable interest in directed search of for microorganisms as potential biotechnological objects. The results of long-term (2012–2017) complex studies on soil microbial communities of the Russian East Antarctica polar stations at Shirmakher oasis (Novolazarevskaya station), the Larsemann Hills (Progress station), and the Tala Hills (Molodezhnaya station) are presented in this review. The assessment of biomass of soil microorganisms by the methods of direct microscopy has been carried out for the first time for this region. The general amount of microbial biomass is small; the fungi dominate (77–99%). The unique features of Antarctic soils are the high content and morphological diversity of small forms of microorganisms: fungi are presented by mainly single-celled structures (small spores and yeasts), while bacteria by ultrafine (filtering) forms. At the same time, microorganisms can significantly contribute to such important ecological functions of soil as the emission of greenhouse gases, especially during the warm season with the stable positive temperatures of the soil. This should be considered during creation of models and forecasts of global warming. The use of various isolation techniques for the analysis of the soil microbial population, together with the succession approach, significantly expand the information about taxonomic diversity of cultivated fungi and bacteria in Antarctica soils.  相似文献   

12.
为了了解青藏高原东缘高山森林-苔原交错带土壤微生物的特征和季节变化, 研究了米亚罗鹧鸪山原始针叶林、林线、树线、密灌丛、疏灌丛和高山草甸土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)和可培养微生物数量的季节动态。结果表明, 植被类型和季节动态对MBCMBN和微生物数量都有显著影响。不同时期的微生物在各植被类型间分布有差异, 植物生长季初期和生长季中期, 树线以上群落的MBC高于树线下的群落, 而到生长季末期恰恰相反, 暗针叶林、林线和树线的MBC显著升高, 各植被之间MBC的差异减小; 微生物数量基本上也是以树线为界, 树线以下群落土壤微生物数量显著低于树线以上群落, 其中密灌丛的细菌数量最高; 可培养微生物数量为生长季末期>生长季初期>生长季中期。生长季末期真菌数量显著增加, 且MBC/MBN最高。统计分析表明, MBN与细菌、真菌、放线菌数量存在显著的相关关系, 而MBC仅与真菌数量存在显著相关关系( p < 0.05)。植物生长季末期大量的凋落物输入和雪被覆盖可能是微生物季节变异的外在因素, 而土壤微生物和高山植物对有效氮的竞争可能是微生物季节变异的内在因素。植物生长季初期对氮的吸收和土壤微生物在植物生长季末期对氮的固定加强了高山生态系统对氮的利用。气候变暖可能会延长高山植物的生长季, 增加高山土壤微生物生物量, 加速土壤有机质的分解, 进而改变高山土壤碳的固存速率。  相似文献   

13.
研究了天台山8种土壤环境的微生物区系,细菌生理群分布、组成和多样性。结果表明:黄山松林、竹林和云锦杜鹃林土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌数量较多,而柳杉林土壤中较少。微生物数量与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量以及土壤凋落物的关系较大。每种土壤环境的细菌、真菌和放线菌占微生物总量的比例为:细菌数量最多,放线菌居中,真菌较少。土壤细菌生理群在天台山8种土壤环境中的分布有较大的差异。好气纤维素分解菌、好气固氮菌、氨化细菌、有机磷分解菌、无机磷分解菌在8种土壤环境中均占有较大的比例,是每种土壤环境的优势菌群,而反硝化细菌和反硫化细菌在每种土壤环境中占有的数量比例均相对较小,处于次要地位。七子花林、竹林、云锦杜鹃林和日本花柏林土壤细菌生理群的Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均较小,柳杉林、茶园、金钱松林、黄山松林土壤细菌生理群的Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数相对较大。  相似文献   

14.
短期放牧对草甸草原土壤微生物与土壤酶活性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
【目的】为呼伦贝尔草甸草原生态系统的保护、恢复及重建提供微生物学基础数据。了解草原土壤微生物和酶活性对放牧强度的响应。【方法】分别采集六个不同放牧强度的土壤样品,测定土壤微生物数量、土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性,分析短时期不同放牧强度土壤微生物数量、土壤微生物量和土壤酶活性的变化特征及其相互关系。【结果】不同放牧强度下,菌群数量分布为细菌>放线菌>真菌;土壤微生物数量、微生物量均表现为放牧区高于对照区;在土壤表层(0 10 cm),土壤过氧化氢酶、转化酶和蛋白酶活性表现出随放牧强度的增加先上升后略降的趋势,且放牧区均高于对照区,与土壤表层比较,在较深层(10 cm 20 cm),土壤细菌、真菌的数量和微生物量碳、氮下降幅度随放牧强度的增大而增大。土壤微生物数量、微生物量及土壤酶活性的垂直分布为0 10 cm>10 cm 20 cm。相关分析结果表明:放牧干扰条件下,土壤微生物数量与微生物量之间均存在显著或极显著的相关性。土壤酶活性与微生物数量、微生物量密切相关,过氧化氢酶、转化酶与细菌、放线菌极显著相关(P<0.01)、与微生物量碳显著相关(P<0.05);蛋白酶与真菌及微生物量碳、氮极显著相关(P<0.01),与细菌显著相关(P<0.05)。【结论】适度放牧可使土壤微生物数量、微生物量和土壤酶活性增加。土壤微生物数量、微生物量与土壤酶活性之间具有密切关系。  相似文献   

15.
Fang LN  Yang XD  Du J 《应用生态学报》2011,22(4):837-844
In January 2006 - September 2007, a controlled litter-removal and root-cutting experiment was conducted to study the effects of different land use patterns (secondary forest or rubber plantation) on soil microbial biomass carbon in Xishuangbanna, China. After the secondary forest converted into rubber plantation, soil nutrient contents and plant carbon input decreased obviously, and soil microbial biomass carbon had a significant decrease. These two forest types had a higher soil microbial biomass carbon in rainy season than in dry season. In secondary forest, soil microbial biomass carbon was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature; while in rubber plantation, the microbial biomass carbon was positively correlated with soil moisture. In secondary forest, soil microbial biomass carbon was controlled by the nutrient inputs from plant roots, but less affected by litter amount. Also in secondary forest, soil microbial biomass carbon was significantly positively correlated with fine-root biomass and its C and N inputs. In rubber plantation, both the fine-root biomass and its C and N inputs and the litter amount had lesser effects on soil microbial biomass carbon. These results suggested that planting rubber induced the decreases of soil nutrient contents and pH value, and, added with serious artificial disturbances, reduced the soil microbial biomass carbon and changed its controlling factors, which in turn would affect other soil ecological processes.  相似文献   

16.
草原土壤微生物受放牧的影响及其季节变化   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
以内蒙古克什克腾旗西部的典型草原为对象,研究轻度放牧区(LG)、中度放牧区(MG)、重度放牧区(HG)土壤中的微生物数量、微生物生物量和土壤呼吸强度的季节变化以及放牧强度对它们的影响。结果表明,微生物数量、微生物生物量以及土壤的呼吸作用强度均有较明显的季节性变化,峰值均出现在8月份,而且三者之间具有极显著的正相关关系;轻度和中度放牧有利于土壤中的微生物数量、生物量的增加,而重度放牧则导致土壤中微生物数量和生物量的减少。  相似文献   

17.
微生物和蚯蚓的协同作用对土壤肥力影响的研究   总被引:16,自引:4,他引:12  
张立宏  许光辉 《生态学报》1990,10(2):116-120
  相似文献   

18.
 通过稀释平板法和常规化学分析法, 对伊犁河谷地区3种龄级(5年、10年、15年)的速生杨欧美黑杨(Populus × euramericana)人工林的土壤微生物数量、组成和土壤养分变化进行了研究。结果表明, 3种不同林龄林地土壤微生物集中分布在10–40 cm土层, 数量和种类组成随季节变化有明显差异。随着林龄的增长, 土壤微生物总数、细菌数量减少, 真菌和放线菌数量在10年生人工林最高, 这一规律随季节变化。三大类土壤微生物的组成比例相对稳定, 不随季节变化而变化。土壤有机碳、氮含量主要集中在0–20 cm土层, 随土壤深度的增加逐渐减少, 其含量及分布受季节和土壤深度不同程度的影响。土壤有机碳含量随林龄的增长而逐渐增高, 有机氮则先减后增。相关分析表明, 土壤微生物总数与土壤有机碳呈负相关, 真菌数量与土壤有机氮呈正相关。3种林地土壤有机C/N比与土壤细菌数量/真菌数量比例一致, 说明速生杨人工林在一定生长年龄内能提高土壤的固碳能力, 改善土壤肥力。  相似文献   

19.
长期施肥对土壤微生物的影响及其在养分调控中的作用   总被引:78,自引:9,他引:69  
为揭示长期施肥条件下土壤微生物类群及其与土壤养分的关系,对北京褐潮土定位试验田第12年的土壤微生物以及土壤养分因子进行了测定和分析.结果表明,NPK与有机肥长期配合施用能明显提高土壤各养分含量,增加土壤微生物的数量.猪粪比玉米秸秆能更好地培肥地力,创造有利于土壤微生物生长繁育的土壤生态化学环境.土壤微生物与土壤养分之间具有很好的相关性.其中,细菌、固氮菌数量与有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷含量呈显著正相关;本研究未观察到真菌、放线菌数量与土壤养分因子之间有明显的相关性.  相似文献   

20.
In model experiments, the influence of pharmaceutical antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, pharmazin, and nystatin) in different doses (100, 300, 450, and 600 mg/kg) on a number of microorganisms of the chernozem region has been studied. All the studied doses of antibiotics had reliable and overwhelming impacts on the amount of soil microorganisms. The time between a dose of antibiotics and a change in the number of microorganisms in the soil is shown to have a linear dependence. The studied groups of soil microorganisms in relation to pharmaceutical antibiotics showed a hierarchy of resistance (high concentration): Azotobacter > amylolytic bacteria > ammonifying bacteria > micromycetes.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号