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1.
陆生脊椎动物生态学研究的过去、现在和将来(前苏联科学院动物进化形态学与生态学研究所,莫斯科)Past,PresentandFutureofEcologicalResearchonTerrcstrialVctebratcs¥.(InstituteofAnimalEvolutionaryMorphologyandEcology,theFormerAcademyofSclencesofSovietUnion).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(4):66-71。Thispaperdescribesthemainstages,directionsanditemsofecologicalresearchintheformersovietU-nion.EcologicalresearchinthecountrywasrestrodedbymanysuUectiveandoUectivefactorsandstilllagsbehindtheworldlevelinmanyaspectssuchaspopulationdynamicstheory,communityresearch,eco-  相似文献   

2.
沈阳市东陵区景观生态潜力研究   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
沈阳市东陵区景观生态潜力研究赵羿,吴彦明(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)邓百祥(辽宁省水利水电勘测设计研究院,沈阳110006)EcologicalPotentialofLaudscapeinDonglingDistrictofShenyang¥ZhaoYi;WuYanming(InstituteofAppliedEcology,AcademiaSinica,Shenyang110015),DengBaixiang(LiaoningAcademyofWaterCon-servancyandWaterPowerSureeyingandDesigning,Shenyang110006).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(5):1-8。Ecologicalpotentialoflaudscapeconsistsofitsproductivepotential,ecologicalpotentialandpricelesspo-tential.Throughcalculatingdifferentproductivepotentials(photosyntheticpot  相似文献   

3.
铁岭市城市生态环境质量评价   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
铁岭市城市生态环境质量评价李新生(铁岭市环境保护局112000)QualitativeEvaluationofUrbanEco-environmentofTielingMunicipality¥.LiXinsheng(EnvironmentalProlectionAgencyofTielingMunicipality,LiaoningProvince112000).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993.12(3):59-62.Usingecologicalnichetheory,thispapercomprehensivelyevaluatestheurbaneco-environmentofTiel-ingmunicipalityfromaspectsofecological,productive,livingandenvironmentalniches.keywords:ecologicalniche,urbaneco-environment.城市是人类进步、经济发展和社会文明的结晶,是加工物质、提供信息的高效场所。城市在其发展过程中,由于人口增长和人类生活方式、消费水平的变化,带来  相似文献   

4.
植物抗污染进化及其遗传生态学代价   总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29  
植物抗污染进化及其遗传生态学代价熊治廷(武汉大学环境科学系,430072)PolutionResistantEvolutioninPlantsandItsGenecologicalCosts.XiongZhiting(DepartmentofEnv...  相似文献   

5.
生态交错带与生态流   总被引:34,自引:2,他引:32  
生态交错带与生态流王庆锁(中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,北京100094)冯宗炜罗菊春(中国科学院生态环境中心,100080)(北京林业大学,100083)EcotonesandEcologicalFlows.WangQingsuo(AnimalHus...  相似文献   

6.
生态学平衡概念刍议黄富祥刘旭阳(中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093)(湖北大学数学系,武汉430062)AgrumentsabouttheConceptofEcologicalEquilibrium.HuangFuxiang(Instituteo...  相似文献   

7.
生态场理论及生态场特性   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
邹锐 《生态学杂志》1995,14(1):49-53
生态场理论及生态场特性邹锐(云南大理州环科所生态室,671000)TheoryandCharacteristicsofEcologicalField.¥ZouRui(DaliPrefecturalInstituteofEnviron-mentalSi...  相似文献   

8.
农业生态学理论与实践发展的思考雷圣远(四川农业大学,雅安625014)AgroecologicalTkeoryandItsPracticalDevelopment¥.LeiShengyuan(SichuanAgriculturalUniversity,Yaan625014).ChineseJottmalVEcology,1993,12(2):11-12.Agroecologyoriginatesfromgeneralecology,butitstheoryandmethodologyarequitespecific.Inor-dertomakeagroecologybetterservetheprotectionofecologicalenvironmentandthedevelopmentofa-griculturalproduction,it’snecessarytodevelopthetheoryofagroecology,replenishitsbasicknowledgeandstrengthenthetrainingofbasictechnicalabilityinagroecologyteac  相似文献   

9.
生态学的精神价值   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
生态学的精神价值陈清硕(江苏农学院扬州225001)SpiritualValueofEcology¥.ChenQingshuo(JiangsuAgriculturalCollege,Yangzhou225001):ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(3):68-72.Thispaperdescribesthefunctionsofecologyintheprogressofsocialideologyandcivilization.Ecologyhelpsbringintobeingtheconstructionofascientificworldoutlookandincreasetheecologicalconscious-nessofmankind.Italsosuppliesatotaldevelopmentalpointofviewforthesocietyandprovidesagreataestheticvalue.Thespiritualvalueofecologyshouldneverbeneglected.Keywords:socialecology,ecol  相似文献   

10.
我国海洋浮游幼虫的生态研究展望   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
郑重 《生态学杂志》1993,12(1):35-36
我国海洋浮游幼虫的生态研究展望郑重(厦门大学海洋系,361005)EcologicalResearchProspectiveofMarinePlanktonicLarvainChina¥ZhengZhong(DepartmentofOceanography,XiamenUniversity,361005).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(1):35-36。ThispaperdealswiththeprospectiveofecologicalresearchonmarineplanktoniclarvainChina,andcon-sistsofthefollowingthreeparts:naturalecology,experimentalecologyandappliedecology.Ineachpartabriefaccountoffutureresearchproblemsisgiven.Theauthorisoftheopinionthatmarineecosys-temshouldbethefocusoffutureresearch,inordertomake  相似文献   

11.
大坝的生态效应:概念、研究热点及展望   总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10  
大坝产生的生态效应涉及范围广、周期长,在对社会经济发展起到积极作用的同时,也对生态、环境造成了一定的影响。在评述国内外对大坝生态效应概念和内涵理解的基础上,提出了大坝生态效应链和生态效应网的概念。依据大坝建设和运行的特点,结合流域生态系统的特征分别论述了大坝对水文、局地生态的调节效应以及屏障效应和岛屿化、截留效应、边缘效应、水温效应等国内外研究的热点。最后,提出了今后大坝生态效应的研究方向:1)生态正效应、生态效应链和生态效应网;2)生态系统过程和状态生态效应;3)不同时空尺度下生态效应及其尺度推绎方法等3个方面的研究。  相似文献   

12.
氮肥形态和用量对藏东南地区烤烟产量和质量的影响   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18  
在藏东南地区进行了氮肥用量和形态对烤烟产量与质量影响的田间试验.结果表明,在施N量0~150kg·hm-2范围内,施N量与烘烤后烟叶产量、产值、氧化钾及总N含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与上中等烟比例、还原糖含量则呈显著负相关,糖/碱比显著下降.氮肥用量75kg·hm-2时,产量、质量最佳.无机氮肥对烤烟产量与质量的效应极显著优于有机氮肥.铵态氮、硝态氮、硝铵态氮肥处理间除上中等烟比例,其它各项指标仅略有差异,但均极显著优于酰胺态氮肥.铵态氮对烤烟产量与质量的影响略优于硝态氮,主要在于烟株吸收和同化过程的差异.  相似文献   

13.
拜泉生态农业建设的生态资产响应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
卢兵友  徐玉新  王如松 《生态学报》2002,22(12):2260-2263
利用指标相对评价法,选择7个关键指标,对黑龙江省皋泉县生态农业建设情况的评价得出,该县生态资产从20世纪70年代末仅占系统自然生态资产总量的13.75%上升到目前的25.21%,说明生态农业建设对缓解生态资产的耗竭,提高其积累速度具有重要作用。  相似文献   

14.
《植物生态学报》2015,39(9):932
The concept of ecological thresholds was raised in the 1970s. However, it was subsequently given different definitions and interpretations depending on research fields or disciplines. For most scientists, ecological thresholds refer to the points or zones that link abrupt changes between alternative stable states of an ecosystem. The measurement and quantification of ecological thresholds have great theoretical and practical significance in ecological research for clarifying the structure and function of ecosystems, for planning sustainable development modes, and for delimiting ecological red lines in managing the ecosystems of a region. By reviewing the existing concepts and classifications of ecological thresholds, we propose a new concept and definition at two different levels: the ecological threshold points, i.e. the turning points of quantitative changes to qualitative changes, which can be considered as ecological red lines; the ecological threshold zones, i.e. the regime shifts of the quantitative changes among different stable states, which can be considered as the yellow and/or orange warning boundaries of the gradual ecological changes. The yellow thresholds mean that an ecosystem can return to a stable state by its self-adjustment, the orange thresholds indicate that the ecosystem will stay in the equilibrium state after interference factors being removed, whereas the red thresholds, as the critical threshold points, indicate that the ecosystem will undergo irreversible degradation or even collapse beyond those points. We also summarizes two types of popular Methods in determining ecological thresholds: statistical analysis and modeling based on data of field observations. The applications of ecological thresholds in ecosystem service, biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management research are also reviewed. Future research on ecological thresholds should focus on the following aspects: (1) methodological development for measurement and quantification of ecological thresholds; (2) emphasizing the scaling effect of ecological thresholds and establishment of national-scale observation system and network; and (3) implementation of ecological thresholds as early warning tools in ecosystem management and delimiting ecological red lines.  相似文献   

15.
In 1987, Bradshaw proposed that ecological restoration is the ultimate “acid test” of our understanding the functioning of ecosystems ( Bradshaw 1987 ). Although this concept is widely supported academically, how it can be applied by restoration practitioners is still unclear. This is an issue not limited to Bradshaw’s acid test, but moreover, reflects a general difficulty associated with the polarization between conceptual restoration (restoration ecology) and practical restoration (ecological restoration), where each has functioned to certain degree in isolation of the other. Outside of the more obvious pragmatic reasons for the relative independence between ecological restoration and restoration ecology, we propose that a more contentious explanation is that the approach taken toward understanding ecosystem development in restoration ecology is tangential to what actually takes place in ecological restoration. Current paradigms assume that the process of ecosystem development in restoration should follow the developmental trajectories suggested by classical ecological succession models. However, unlike these models, ecosystem development in restoration is, at least initially, largely manipulated by people, rather than by abiotic and biotic forces alone. There has been little research undertaken to explore how restoration activities impact upon or add to the extant ecological processes operating within a restoration site. Consequently, ecological restoration may not be so much an acid test of our understanding the functioning of ecosystems, but rather, an acid test of our understanding mutually beneficial interactions between humans and ecosystems.  相似文献   

16.
龙开胜  刘澄宇 《生态学报》2015,35(10):3464-3471
生态地租是反映生态资源利用的经济社会效果的超额利润。在将生态地租这一超额利润用于生态环境补偿的思路框架下,整个生产行业应获得的平均利润不会受到损害,因而具有较高的可行性。结合生态地租分配和调节的税收、收费、价格等手段,赋予不同经济主体收益享有权利以及生态环境保护责任,提出生态环境补偿的生态税、地租分享、受益负担和价格补偿等方案选择并作对比,然后以我国生态资源利用和经济产出为参照值模拟不同方案的效应。结果表明,不同补偿方案在补偿主体、补偿原则、补偿形式和适用范围方面存在明显差别,并且针对不同方案,分别在生态税税率达到8.6%、政府和集体享有13.4%的生态地租、受益者补偿支付额为5916元a-1人-1以及产品价格上升23.8%等不同补偿水平情形下,生态资源消耗和社会经济产出才能保持在资源生物承载力范围之内。同时,各补偿方案在责任主体以及调节手段上的差异,也会导致不同方案选择在社会福利、利益分配和技术创新等效应上的差异。因此,生态环境补偿实践中,具体补偿方案选择应根据当地实际情况进行综合决策,无差别化的方案将无法实现生态环境保护目标。  相似文献   

17.
城市园林植物配置的生态方法   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
简述园林植物的概念、作用和生态学原理。通过论述园林植物的配置方式与城市生态环境之间的关系,分析了厦门城市园林植物配置的现状,并阐明了园林植物配置的生态方法。  相似文献   

18.
大型煤电基地(CEBs)是我国煤基能源和材料集中开发区域和国家能源战略安全重要支撑,合理评价CEBs开发生态影响是CEBs可持续协调开发、科学管理中的难点问题。研究将CEBs开发视为系统工程,与自然生态系统(NES)相关联,深入研究大型煤电基地生态系统(CEBES)的驱动行为、内在结构及主要关系、生态影响途径、生态累积过程和生态累积效应及阈值分析方法。基于CEBs空间和功能定位提出CEBs的概念、内涵和特点,融合构建的CEBES涵盖到自然资源、能源开发行为(煤、电等)、其他人类活动(农、牧、城)和大气、水、土壤及生物域;研究表明CEBES的生态累积状态受三种行为驱动和影响(自然行为、能源开发行为和其他人类活动),通过融合、传导和辐射耦合作用,表现为生态要素损伤、系统结构变化和系统状态失衡三级状态,生态累积具有影响多态性、空间多尺度和过程渐变性特点;明确了生态累积过程、累积效应和阈值及其相互关系,引入反映生态影响累积程度的生态损伤系数,提出四类生态阈值(生态要素、内部结构、系统状态和行为调控);基于系统性和实用性筛选反映生态累积相对状态的60项指标,构建具有“三力”驱动、分区要素耦合和系...  相似文献   

19.
基于生态保护红线的生态安全格局构建   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
生态保护红线是国家依法在重点生态功能区、生态环境敏感区和脆弱区等区域划定的严格管控边界, 是国家和区域生态安全的底线。随着生态保护红线理念正式上升为国家战略, 以及划定技术与方法的发展完善, 生态保护红线正成为生态安全领域的核心议题。由于生态保护红线具有明显地理边界, 合理整合了多部门的生态保护成果, 并更加全面地关注了多种生态过程, 为生态安全格局的构建与优化提供了新思路。本文在梳理生态安全格局研究进展和生态保护红线划定科学本质与内涵的基础上, 探索将生态保护红线区作为生态安全格局的源地, 并以此为基础进一步构建生态廊道、生态战略节点等, 从而形成涵盖重要生态功能保护格局、人居环境安全格局、生物多样性维系格局的生态安全格局体系。以生态保护红线为基础的生态安全格局建设, 将有效保护、恢复和重建自然生态系统的完整性, 维持重要生态服务功能的可持续性。今后需深入探讨生态保护红线区内生态过程-功能-格局之间的内在联系, 并在生态安全格局海陆统筹保护、配套相应管控措施、建立监督评估机制等方面做进一步研究。  相似文献   

20.
随着生态文明理念的不断落实和土地多功能管理的转型,土地整治的生态化发展开始进入全面创新与实践探索的关键时期.系统梳理土地整治的生态环境效应理论研究与实践探索的发展过程,明确“新时代”下学科研究的服务方向和实施路径,对于实施“生态化”土地整治战略非常重要.本文以2000年以来国内外有关土地整治生态环境效应的文献为分析对象,采用Citespace 1.0软件的文献计量分析及文献归纳方法,对土地整治的生态环境效应研究热点进行识别,并从生态环境要素、生态景观、生态系统服务3个方面总结并提炼了土地整治生态环境影响的作用机制.在此基础上,从区域生态系统服务水平测度及障碍因子诊断、土地整治对区域生态系统服务的影响效应及其机制、基于生态系统服务提升的生态化土地整治模式构建等方面提出未来“生态化”土地整治的应用路径,旨在为我国“山水林田湖草”生命共同体的修复与建设提供科学依据.  相似文献   

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