有机体之间化学相互作用的研究及其应用

有机体之间化学相互作用的研究及其应用宋启示（中国科学院昆明生态研究所,６５０２２３）ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＩｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎＡｍｏｎｇＯｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓａｎｄＴｈｅｉｒＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ￥ＳｏｎｇＱｉｓｈｉ（ＫｕｎｍｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｃｏｌｏ－ｇｙ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ６５０２２３）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（１）：４５－４８。Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｒｅｖｉｅｗｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔａｃｔｉｖｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｆｉｅｌｄｓｏｎｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｍｏｎｇｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓ：（１）ａｌｌｅｌｏｐａ－ｔｈｙａｍｏｎｇｐｌａｎｔｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｗｉｄｅｌｙａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｈｏｒｔｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,（２）ｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎｂｅ－ｔｗｅｅｎｐｌａｎｔｓａｎｄｉｎｓｅｃｔｓ,（３）ｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｍｏｎｇｉｎｓｅｃｔｓａｎｄ（４）ｂｉｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉｎｔｅｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｍｏｎｇｍａｍｍａｌｓａｎｄｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｍａｍｍａｌｓａｎｄｐｌａｎｔｓ．Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔ     

我国新担子菌类补遗

在研究甘肃、四川、云南的担子菌类时发现如下４新种：云南地红菇（ＭａｃｏｗａｎｉｔｅｓｙｕｎｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓＺａｎｇ）,属红菇科（Ｒｕｓｕｌａｃｅａｅ）,地红菇属（ＭａｃｏｗａｎｉｔｅｓＫａｌｃｈｂｒ．）系我国新记录;松针锈耳（ＣｒｅｐｉｄｏｔｕｓｐｉｎｉｃｏｌａＺａｎｇ）绣耳科（Ｃｒｅｐｉｄｏｔａｃｅａｅ）;蛇盖条孢牛肝菌（ＢｏｌｅｔｅｌｕｓｓｅｒｐｅｎｔｉｐｉｌｅｕｓＺａｎｇｅｔＹｕａｎ）,属松塔牛肝菌［疣孢牛肝菌科］（Ｓｔｒｏｂｉｌｏｍｙｃｏｔａｃｅａｅ）;喜杉绒盖牛肝菌（ＸｅｒｏｃｏｍｕｓｐｉｃｅｉｃｏｌａＺａｎｇｅｔＹｕａｎ）,属牛肝菌科（Ｂｏｌｅｔａｃｅａｅ）;长柄灰包（ＬｙｃｏｐｅｒｄｏｎｌｏｎｇｉｓｔｉｐｕｍＺａｎｇｅｔＹｕａｎ）,属灰包科（Ｌｙｃｏｐｅｒｄａｃｅａｅ）。     

荒漠沙蜥的年龄划分

荒漠沙蜥的年龄划分徐海根（国家环保局南京环境科学研究所,２１００４２）杨凤翔,宋志明（兰州大学,７３００００）（四川大学,成都６１００６４）ＡｇｅＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｈｒｙｎｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｐｒｚｅｗａｌｓｋｉｉｏｎＤｅｓｃｒｔｓ￥．ＸｕＨａｉｇｅｎ（ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＥｎｕｉｒｏｎ－ｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,２１００４２）,ＹａｎｇＦｅｎｇｘｉａｎｇ（ＬａｎｚｈｏｕＵｎｉｕｅｒｓｉｔｙ,７３００００）,ＳｏｎｇＺｈｉｍｉｎｇ（ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＵｎｉｕｅｒ－ｓｉｔｙ,Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ６１００６４）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（４）：３０－３２．Ｕｓｉｎｇｍａｒｋ－ｒｅｃａｐｔｕｒｅｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｓｎｏｕｔ－ｖｅｎｔｌｅｎｇｔｈｇｒｏｗｔｈｐａｔｔｅｒｎ,ｆｉｖｅａｇｅｇｒｏｕｐｓｏｆＰｈｒｙ,ｉｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｐｒｚｅｗａｌｓｋｉｉｏｎｄｅｓｅｒｔｓａｒｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｅｃｄ．Ａｎｄｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｄａｔａｏｆｌｉｚａｒｄｓｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏ－ｇｙ,ｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｏｆＰｈｒｙｎｏｃ     

洞庭湖滩血吸虫易感地带保水生态灭螺的试验研究

洞庭湖滩血吸虫易感地带保水生态灭螺的试验研究张元培,朱南屏（湖南省水产科学研究所沅江４１３１００）（湖南省华容县血防站４１４２００）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＥＩｉｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｎａｉｌ（Ｏｎｃｏｍｅｌａｎｉａ）ｂｙＲｃｔａｉｎｉｎｇＷａｔｅｒｉｎＢｌｏｏｄＦｌｕｋｅ（Ｓｃｈｉｓｔｏｓｏｍａ）Ｓｕｓｃｅｐｔｉ－ｂｌｅＲｅｇｉｏｎｓＡｒｏｕｎｄＤｏｎｇｔｉｎｇＬａｋｅ￥．ＺｈａｎｇＹｕａｎｐｅｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＦｉｓｈｅｒｉｅｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＨｕｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,Ｙｕａｎｊｉａｎｇ４１３１００）,ＺｈｕＮａｎｂｉｎｇ（ＳｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｎａｉｌＦｅｖｅｒＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆＨｕａｒｏｎｇＣｏｕｎｔｙ,ＨｕｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,４１４２００）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（３）：２３－２５．Ｉｎｂｌｏｏｄｆｌｕｋｅ（Ｓｃｈｉｓｔｏｓｏｍａ）ｓｕｓｃｅｐｔｉｂｌｅｒｅｇｉｏｎｓｏｆｔｈｅｌａｋｅｂｅａｃｈ,ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｉｎｕｎｄａｔｅｄｅｌｉｍｉ－ｎａｔｉｎｇｓｎａｉｌ（Ｏｎｃｏｍｅｌａｎｉａ）ａｒｅｃａｒｒｉｅｄｏｕｔｂｙｂｕｉｌ     

云衫针层孔菌化学成分的研究

从云衫针层孔菌Ｐｈｅｌｌｉｎｕｓ ｙａｍａｎｏｉ（Ｔａｍｚ．）ｓｈａｗ分离得到１２个化合物,借助光谱分析鉴定为：８,１１,１３－ａｂｉｅｔａｄｉｅｎ－１８－ｏｉｃ ａｃｉｄ（１）,１,２－ｂｅｎｚｅｎｅｄｉ－ｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｉｃ ａｃｉｄｂｉｓ（２－ｅｔｈｙｌ－ｈｅｘｙｌ）ｅｓｔｅｒ（２）,ｅｒｇｏｓｔｅｒｏｌ ｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅ（３）,ｅｒｇｏｓｔａ ７,２２（Ｅ）－ｉｄｅｎ－３－ｏｌ（４）,ｅｒｇｏｓｔａ ７,２２（Ｚ）－ｄｉｅｎ－３－ｏｌ（５）,ｏｃｔａｄｅｃａｎｏｉｃ ａｃｉｄ－１,３－ｐｒｏｐａｎｅｄｉｙｌ ｅｓｔｅｒ（６）,ｏｃｔａｄｅｃａｎｏｉｃ ａｃｉｄ（７）,８（１９）,１４－ｌａｂｄａｄｉｅｎ－１３－ｏｌ（８）,ｅｒｇｏｓｔａ－４,６,８（１４）,２２－ｔｅｔｒａｅｎ－３－ｏｎｅ（９）,化合     

云南省虫六新种（目：亚目）

本文报道了采自云南省地表枯枝落叶层的目　６新种,隶属６科６属,分别是褐带单烟Ｃａｅｃｉｌｉｉｕｓｓｐａｄｌｃｉｔａｅｎｓｉｓ（单科Ｃａｅｃｉｌｉｉｄａｅ）,褐痣塔　Ｔａｇａｌｏｐｓｏｃｕｓ　ｐｈａｅｏｓｔｉｇｍｕｓ（双科Ａｍｐｈｉｐｓｏｃｉｄａｅ）,双钩外　Ｅｃｔｏｐｓｏｃｕｓｂｉｕｎｎｃｉａｌｉｓ（外科Ｅｃｔｏｐｓｏｃｉｄａｅ）,中斑围　Ｐｅｒｉｐｓｏｃｕｓｍｅｄｉｍａｃｕｌａｒｉｓ（围　科Ｐｅｒｉｐｓｏｃｉｄａｅ）,小头触　Ｐｓｏｃｏｃｅｒａｓｔｉｓｃａｐｉｔｕｌａｔｉｓ（　科Ｐｓｏｃｉｄａｅ）及单钩苔鼠　Ｌｉｃｈｅｎｏｍｉｍａｈａｍａｔａ（鼠　科Ｍｙｏｐｓｏｃｉｄａｅ）。模式标本保存于北京农业大学昆虫标本馆。文中量度单位为ｍｍ。     

生态农业与乡村经济持续发展

生态农业与乡村经济持续发展张壬午,计文瑛,孙鸿良（天津农业部环境保护研究所,３００１９１）（中国农科院,北京１０００８１）ＥｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄＳｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＲｕｒａｌＥｃｏｎｏｍｙ￥．ＺｈａｎｇＲｅｎｗｕ;ＪｉＷｅｎｙｉｎｇ（Ａｇｒｏ－ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＰｒｏｔｅｃｌｉｏｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ,Ｔｉａｎｊｉｎ３００１９１）,ＳｕｎＨｏｎｇｌｉａｎｇ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｃｓ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８１）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：１９—２０．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｂｒｉｅｆｌｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｃｏｍｐａｒｅｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅ＇＇ｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｒｕｒａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ＇＇（ＳＡＲＤ）ｐｕｔｆｏｒｗａｒｄｂｙＦＡＯ,Ｃｈｉｎａ’ｓｓｕｓｔａｉｎａｂｌｅａ－ｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｉｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙａｎｉｎｇｅｎｉｏｕｓ     

兴安盟山杏灌木草原的排序

兴安盟山杏灌木草原的排序王晓江,章中,刘永军,章海波（内蒙古林业科学研究院,呼和浩特０１００１０）ＯｒｄｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｒｕｎｕｓｓｉｂｉｒｉｃａＳｈｒｕｂ－ＳｔｅｐｐｅｓｉｎＸｉｎｇａｎＬｅａｇｕｅ,ＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａ￥ＷａｎｇＸｉａｏｊｉａｎｇ;ＺｈａｎｇＺｏｎｇ;ＬｉｕＹｏｎｇｊｕｎ;ＺｈａｎｇＨａｉｂｏ（ＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔｒｙＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ,Ｈｕｈｈｏｔ０１００１０）．Ｃｈｉ－ｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（１）：２９－３２。ＴｈｅＰｒｕｎｕｓｓｉｂｉｒｉｃａｓｈｒｕｂ－ｓｔｅｐｐｅｓｉｎＸｉｎｇａｎＬｅａｇｕｅｏｆＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａａｒｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｕｓｉｎｇａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｏｒ－ｄｉｎａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｐｏｌａｒｏｒｄｉｎａｔｉｏｎ（ＰＯ）,ｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ（ＰＣＡ）ｏｒｄｉｎａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｅｎｃｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ（ＣＯＡ）ｏｒｄｉｎａｔｉｏｎ,２２ｐｏｌｔｓｏｆＰｒｕｎｕｓｓｉｂｉｒｉｃａｓｈｒｕｂ－ｓｔｅｐｐｅｓａｒｅｃ     

宽阔水自然保护区的虫草及其相关真菌I.

本文报道采用贵州省宽阔水自然保护区的９种虫草,它们是多壳虫草新咱（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｐｏｌｙｃａｒｐｉｃａＬｉａｎｇ＆Ｌｉｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）,鼠尾虫草新种（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｍｕｓｉｃａｕｄａｔａＬｉａｎｇｅｔＬｉｕｓｐ．ｎｏｖ）针孢虫草（ＣｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓａｃｉｃｕｌａｒｉｓＲｅｖ．ｅｘＢｅｒｋ．）罗伯茨虫草（Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓｒｏｂｅｒｔｓｉｉ（Ｈｏｏｋ）,Ｇｒａｙ）下垂虫草（Ｃｏｒｄｙｃｅｐｓ     

氮磷钾肥施用对蔬菜中硝酸盐积累的数学模型

氮磷钾肥施用对蔬菜中硝酸盐积累的数学模型段咏新付庭治（徐州师范学院生物系,２２１００９）（南京大学生物系,２１０００８）ＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌＭｏｄｅｌｏｎＮｉｔｒａｔｅＡｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎＶｅｇｅｔａｂｌｅａｆｔｅｒＡｐｐｌｙｉｎｇＮ,ＰａｎｄＫＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓ￥ＤｕａｎＹｏｎｇｘｉｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＸｕｚｈｏｕＴｅａｃｈｅｒ＇ｓＣｏｌｌｅｇｅ,２２１００９）,ＦｕＴｉｎｇｚｈｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＮａｎｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,２１０００８）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：３４－３６．ＩｎＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ,ａｒｅｇｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｗｏｄｅｌｏｎｎｉｔｒａｔｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｐｉｒａｃｈｉｓｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｅｄ,ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｔｈｅａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｎｉｔｒａｔｅｕｎｄｅｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓｏｆＮ,ＰａｎｄＫｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓ。Ｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｉｓｍｏｄｅｌ,ｔｈｅｎｉｔｒａｔｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｉｎｓｐｉｒａｃｈｃａ     

湿地克隆植物的繁殖对策与生态适应性

湿地是地球上独特的生态系统,它是水陆交替的过渡带,而湿地植物为了适应这种特殊的环境,必须有其相应的生长格局（ｇｒｏｗｔｈｐａｔｔｅｒｎ）和繁殖对策（ｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙ）。有些湿地植物具有密丛型的生态特点,这是对过湿的土壤和氧气供给不足环境的一种适应方式。随着有机质的不断积累,每年从分蘖节向上长出新枝,向下生长不定根,其分蘖节不断上移,以便从地表面上获得氧气,并使植物体免遭埋没,这样年复一年的生长,在地表面上形成了草丘。生殖是生物繁衍后代延续种族最基本的行为和过程,它不仅是…     

克隆植物种群生态学研究透视

克隆植物种群日益受到关注和重视 ,克隆植物种群生态学的研究正在广泛深入地开展。探讨了克隆植物种群研究的最新进展 ,介绍了有关理论、方法和取得的成果 ,并对克隆植物种群在现代生态学中的地位与作用进行了评述     

污染土壤生物恢复技术

污染土壤生物恢复技术张春桂许华夏姜晴楠（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＢｉｏｒｅｍｅｄｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｅｄＳｏｉｌ．ＺｈａｎｇＣｈｕｎｇｕｉ,ＸｕＨｕａｘｉａ,ＪｉａｎｇＱｉｎｇｎａｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐ...     

Belowground bud production is linked to population establishment in Sorghastrum nutans (Poaceae)

Belowground bud production mediates many responses of tallgrass prairie grasses to temporal environmental variation, and clonal spread contributes to dominance in successional plant communities. However, we know little about the importance of these regenerative traits for vegetation establishment in grassland restoration and about their regional variability. Further, geographic seed or transplant sources affect plant performance. We investigated the effects of seed source on the number of belowground buds per tiller, clonal spread (total rhizome length adjusted for plant biomass), and population establishment in the native C₄ grass Sorghastrum nutans sown into tallgrass prairie restorations using reciprocal common gardens in three sites (in Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma). We characterized buds per tiller and clonal spread at the plant level and related both traits to population establishment at the restoration plot level. Plant-level bud production significantly differed among seed sources and common garden sites, and was positively associated with plot-level establishment (density and canopy cover), but plant-level clonal spread did not differ among seed sources or common garden sites and was not associated with the plot-level establishment. Our results are among the first to link bud production, which varied among source populations, to differences in plant population establishment. These results suggest that we should more often consider differences among sources in traits closely tied to post-seeding population establishment. The use of sources that possess such traits may facilitate successful establishment in restoration settings.     

克隆植物中国沙棘生长对外源植物激素的响应

关于植物克隆生长调节问题,目前集中于外在机制的研究。为了探讨中国沙棘克隆生长调节的内在机制,采用3×3回归设计进行田间试验,期望了解不同生长性状对IAA和CTK用量及其配比的响应规律。结果表明:(1)生长性状对激素用量的响应规律呈典型的钟形曲面模式,即各生长指标均存在一个产量峰值,峰值以前生长指标随IAA、CTK用量的增大而提高,峰值以后生长指标随IAA、CTK用量的增大而下降。(2)不同生长指标对激素用量及其配比的响应规律具有一定差异,较高的IAA比例有利于促进树高生长,较高的CTK比例有利于促进地径和冠幅生长,而几乎相等的IAA和CTK用量有利于种群生物量积累。(3)在激素用量适宜的情况下,中国沙棘生长潜力得到充分发挥,形成高大的个体,较多的子株,有利于提高种群对生境资源的占据和利用,并提高排斥其他植物种类入侵的能力;当激素用量过高或过低时,中国沙棘以降低生长量为代价,形成矮小的个体,减少子株数量,有利于削弱个体之间的竞争。这一结果为了解中国沙棘克隆生长内在调节机制提供了线索。(4)根据不同生长指标的激素效应方程,求出了相应的IAA和CTK的最佳用量和最佳配比,以及合理施激素区域和最低成本线。(5)克隆子株数量增幅与地径和冠幅生长量增幅呈极显著正相关、与种群生物量增幅呈显著正相关,即适宜的IAA和CTK用量既可加速个体生长、也能促进克隆子株的产生。     

论克隆植物的遗传多样性

概述了克隆植物的类型与特点 ,对克隆植物的遗传多样性及其遗传结构的一些特点进行了综述 ,并讨论了克隆植物遗传变异的来源。总体而言 ,克隆植物拥有比早期推测大得多的遗传变异 ,虽然克隆种与其近缘有性繁殖种相比 ,遗传多样性较低 ,但广泛的遗传单态性却很罕见。克隆植物种群的遗传结构有所改变 ,广布基因型很少 ,大多数基因型仅分布于某一种群之内 ,种群间基因型多态性存在广泛的变异。不同克隆植物之间遗传多样性相差很大 ,遗传结构也有巨大差异。说明除生殖模式外 ,其他的一些因素 ,如地理分布范围、生境特点 ,散布方式和种群历史等都对克隆植物遗传多样性有重要影响。     

论克隆植物的遗传多样性

概述了克隆植物的类型与特点,对克隆植物的遗传多样性及其遗传结构的一些 特点进行了综述,并讨论了克隆植物遗传变异的来源。总体而言,克隆植物拥有比早期推测大得多的遗传变异,虽然克隆种与其近缘有性繁殖种相比,遗传多样性较低,但广泛的遗传单态性却很罕见。克隆植物种群的遗传结构有所改变,广布基因型很少,大多数基因型仅分布于某一种群之内,种群间基因型多态性存在广泛的变异。不同克隆植物之间遗传多样性相差很大,遗传结构也有巨大差异。说明除生殖模式外,其他的一些因素,如地理分布范围、生境特点,散布方式和种群历史等都对克隆植物遗传多样性有重要影响。     

Prolonged clonal growth: escape route or route to extinction?

Many plant species have the capability to reproduce sexually as well as clonally. The balance between clonal reproduction and sexual reproduction varies between different species. It was estimated that 66.5% of all central European flora may form independent but genetically identical daughter plants. Also within species there is great variation in the ratio clonal/sexual reproduction. Clonal reproduction can be considered as an alternative life cycle loop that allows persistence of a species in the absence of the ability to complete the normal life cycle (i.e. seed production, germination and recruitment). Plant populations exhibiting prolonged clonal growth have been referred to as 'remnant populations'. A remnant population in general is defined as "a population capable of persistence during extended time periods despite a negative population growth rate (λ<1) due to longlived life stages and life cycles, including loops, that allow population persistence without completion of the whole life cycle". Here we argue that prolonged and nearly exclusive clonal growth through environmental suppression of sexual reproduction can ultimately lead to local sexual extinction and to monoclonal populations of a species, and that this may imply significant consequences for population viability. Especially obligate or mainly outcrossing clonal plant species may be vulnerable for sexual extinction. We argue that the consequences of reduced sexual recruitment in clonally propagating plants may be understudied and underestimated and that a re-evaluation of current ideas on clonality may be necessary.     

松嫩草地两种趋异型羊草克隆构型特征比较

This paper studied the clonal architecture of two divergent Leyrnus chinensis types (grey-green type and yellowgreen type) in Songnen grassland, and compared their internode length, spacer length, interbranching length, interbranching angle, and ramet population density and height under the same habitat. The results showed that there was no significant difference in these clonal characteristics except spacer length and ramet population density between the two types of L. chinensis, and yellow-green type, with less spacer length and more ramet density than grey-green type, should be more adaptable to the resourceful habitat. Moreover, the V-indices of the clonal architecture of two divergent L. chinensis types were all close to 1, and the difference was not significant. Therefore, both of the two types belonged to typical guerilla clonal plant.     

Clonal diversity and structure within a population of the pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus foraged by Bewick's swans

Clonal diversity within plant populations is affected by factors that influence genet (clone) survival and seed recruitment, such as resource availability, disturbance, seed dispersal mechanism, propagule predation and the age of the population. Here we studied a population of Potamogeton pectinatus, a pseudo-annual aquatic macrophyte. Within populations reproduction appears to be mainly asexually through subterranean propagules (tubers), while recruitment via seeds is believed to be relatively unimportant. RAPD markers were used to analyse clonal diversity and genetic variation within the population. Ninety-seven genets were identified among 128 samples taken from eight plots. The proportion of distinguishable genets (0.76) and Simpson's diversity index (0.99) exhibited high levels of clonal diversity compared to other clonal plants. According to an analysis of molecular variance (amova) most genetic variation occurred between individuals within plots (93-97%) rather than between plots (8-3%). These results imply that sexual reproduction plays an unexpectedly important role within the population. Nevertheless, autocorrelation statistics revealed a spatial genetic structure resulting from clonal growth. In contrast to genetic variation, clonal diversity was affected by several ecological factors. Water depth and silt content had direct negative effects on clonal diversity. Tuber predation by Bewick's swans had an unexpected indirect negative effect on clonal diversity through reducing the tuber-bank biomass in spring, which on its turn was positively correlated to clonal diversity. The disturbance by swans, therefore, did not enhance seed recruitment and thus clonal diversity; on the contrary, heavily foraged areas are probably more prone to stochastic loss of genets leading to reduced clonal diversity.