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1.
以‘台农1号’芒果为材料,测定了果实生长发育过程中淀粉、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及淀粉酶、蔗糖代谢相关酶———酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖组分与酶活性的关系进行了分析.结果显示,(1)台农1号芒果果实属于单S型生长曲线,发育前期主要积累淀粉、葡萄糖和果糖,果实成熟软化时,淀粉酶活性降至最低,淀粉水解,蔗糖快速积累.(2)酸性转化酶活性在果实整个发育过程中维持最高,完熟时略有降低;蔗糖磷酸合成酶在果实发育前期略有降低,完熟时升至最高;蔗糖合成酶和中性转化酶活性在整个发育期一直很低且较稳定.(3)淀粉含量与淀粉酶活性呈显著正相关,与SPS活性呈极显著负相关,蔗糖、葡萄糖含量均与SPS、SS呈显著、极显著的正相关;果糖含量与SS呈极显著的正相关.研究表明,芒果成熟时淀粉分解、酸性转化酶活性的降低,且蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性的增加是引起果实蔗糖积累的主要因子.  相似文献   

2.
河套蜜瓜果实发育过程中糖积累与蔗糖代谢相关酶的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以河套蜜瓜为试材,采用外部形态观测与内部生理指标测定相结合的方法,对其果实发育过程中果实生长模式以及果实中蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖和淀粉含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性进行测定,以揭示河套蜜瓜果实生长发育过程中糖的代谢积累与相关酶的关系.结果显示:(1)河套蜜瓜果实生长速率呈单"S"曲线,果实发育早期以积累葡萄糖为主,进入成熟期后蔗糖积累量迅速增加,最终由蔗糖和己糖共同构成果实品质.(2)在河套蜜瓜果实成熟期前,蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性维持较低水平,进入成熟期后,SPS活性迅速升高;蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性在成熟期前为分解活性大于合成活性,成熟期后表现为合成活性大于分解活性;在整个果实发育期,酸性转化酶(AI)活性较低,中性转化酶(NI)活性始终高于AI.(3)在果实整个发育期,蔗糖含量与蔗糖代谢酶的净活力呈极显著正相关,蔗糖代谢相关酶共同作用决定果实中蔗糖含量.研究表明,在河套蜜瓜果实发育前期,以蔗糖分解代谢为主,且蔗糖合成酶和中性转化酶是催化蔗糖分解的关键酶;果实成熟期间,蔗糖代谢转为合成方向为主,蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶在蔗糖积累中起主导作用.  相似文献   

3.
李泽坤  陈清西 《西北植物学报》2015,35(10):2056-2061
以可溶性总糖含量差异明显的2个橄榄品种为试验材料,测定果实发育成熟过程中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、可溶性总糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的动态变化,并对果实糖积累与酶活性进行相关性分析,以明确不同橄榄品种果实糖积累差异的生理基础,为进一步在代谢与分子水平探讨橄榄果实糖积累机制提供依据。结果表明:(1)蔗糖快速积累期是橄榄品种间果实蔗糖积累差异的关键时期,并影响成熟时果实可溶性总糖含量的高低,其中‘马坑22’蔗糖快速积累期较长,增长幅度较大,成熟时可溶性糖含量高;成熟时‘马坑22’、‘檀头23’果实内己糖与蔗糖比分别为0.668、0.904。(2)在蔗糖快速积累期内,‘马坑22’酸性转化酶(AI)活性低于‘檀头23’,为其蔗糖积累创造条件,而中性转化酶活性高于后者则有利于其增加果实库强;两品种蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性变化差异不大,说明SPS不是蔗糖积累的关键酶;‘马坑22’蔗糖合成酶(SuSy)合成方向活性在花后144~186d增幅显著高于‘檀头23’,说明SuSy为果实蔗糖积累的关键酶。(3)‘马坑22’蔗糖快速积累主要依靠SuSy合成方向活性变化促进蔗糖合成,‘檀头23’蔗糖快速积累主要依靠SuSy分解方向活性变化促进蔗糖直接进入果实。  相似文献   

4.
龙柚果肉糖积累与蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文探讨龙柚果实发育过程中果肉糖积累与蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的变化。结果表明,在龙柚果实发育过程中,3种可溶性糖含量同步上升,在果实膨大期和成熟期,以蔗糖积累为主。在龙柚糖积累过程中,蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性较高;而蔗糖中性转化酶(NI)活性则随着蔗糖的积累而降低。  相似文献   

5.
枇杷果实发育过程中糖积累及相关酶活性变化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以'青种'、'霸红'和'鸡蛋白'3个枇杷品种为材料,测定不同果实发育时期果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶即酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖积累与酶活性的关系进行了分析.结果表明:在果实膨大期(5月3日)之前,3种枇杷果实的蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖积累缓慢,之后则迅速积累,存在着明显的转折点;果实成熟(5月23日)之后糖分积累速度趋于平稳.3种枇杷果实在发育过程中转化酶、蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性变化与3种糖积累的动态变化趋势相一致.NI和AI活性在果实膨大期之前都较低且没有明显的变化,之后均快速上升;SS和SPS的活性在果实膨大期之前都很低且几乎无变化,随后'鸡蛋白'的活性迅速上升至果实成熟之后便缓慢上升,而'青种'和'霸红'随果实成熟度的增加而升高,但均低于'鸡蛋白'.可见,枇杷果实膨大期是糖分积累代谢活跃期,其糖积累受蔗糖代谢相关酶综合调控.  相似文献   

6.
宁夏枸杞果实糖积累和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的关系   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7  
通过对枸杞果实发育过程中果实生长模式、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖和淀粉含量及糖代谢相关酶活性的测定,研究了宁夏枸杞果实生长发育过程中糖的代谢积累与相关酶活性的关系.结果表明:(1)宁夏枸杞果实发育呈双S"曲线,果实主要以积累己糖为主.(2)蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性在果实发育初期处于下降的趋势,在花后19d开始上升,果实转色后又逐渐下降;蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性总体表现为SS分解方向的活性大于SS合成方向的活性,说明枸杞果实发育过程中,SS的活性主要以分解方向的为主;酸性转化酶(AI)和中性转化酶(NI)的活性随果实发育呈上升趋势,但在果实成熟后期有所下降,且AI和NI活性高于合成酶类的活性,较高的转化酶类活性促进了果实内部己糖的积累.(3)在枸杞果实生长发育中,葡萄糖和果糖含量与AI和NI均呈极显著正相关,而与其它酶不具有相关性.说明AI和NI在宁夏枸杞果实的糖代谢中起着主要的调控作用.  相似文献   

7.
套袋对梨果实发育过程中糖组分及其相关酶活性的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
以翠冠和黄金梨为试材,测定套袋和未套袋(对照)梨果实发育时期果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和山梨醇含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖组分积累与酶活性的关系进行了分析.结果表明:(1)两梨品种套袋果实在发育过程中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、山梨醇和糖代谢相关酶活性变化趋势与对照基本一致,套袋果实糖含量均低于对照但差异不显著,而各相关酶活性在两类果实间差异表现各异.(2)在梨果实发育早期,果实中以分解酶类为主,糖分积累低;发育后期以合成酶类为主,糖分积累多.(3)两品种套袋和对照果实AI活性与葡萄糖含量均呈显著或极显著正相关,SS合成方向活性与蔗糖含量均为极显著正相关,且翠冠对照果SPS活性与蔗糖含量呈极显著正相关.可见,套袋通过提高果实发育早期转化酶(Inv)活性,降低果实后期蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)的活性来影响糖分积累,从而影响梨果品质.  相似文献   

8.
以不同发育时期灵武长枣为试材,测定果实生长发育过程中叶片、果柄可溶性糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的变化,探讨果实生长发育过程中叶片、果柄糖的积累与蔗糖代谢相关酶活性的关系。结果表明:(1)灵武长枣叶片、果柄均主要以积累蔗糖为主,叶片、果柄中葡萄糖和果糖含量的变化平缓且随果实发育略有上升,蔗糖含量则呈先下降后迅速上升的趋势,且蔗糖含量始终高于葡萄糖和果糖的含量。(2)在果实的整个发育期,叶片和果柄的酸性转化酶(AI)活性均远高于中性转化酶(NI),AI在前期升高后变化较平稳,而蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性的变化各不相同。(3)SS分解方向酶活性(SSd)对叶片和果柄蔗糖的积累具有重要的调节作用。研究认为,蔗糖合成酶分解方向酶活性(SSd)对灵武长枣叶片和果柄蔗糖的积累起主要的调控作用。  相似文献   

9.
通过测定不同发育时期肉苁蓉和寄主梭梭体内主要糖类物质含量和蔗糖代谢相关酶活性,以研究寄生植物与寄主植物的糖代谢及其关系。结果表明:未寄生肉苁蓉的梭梭以积累葡萄糖为主,而寄生肉苁蓉的梭梭在夏季休眠期以积累葡萄糖为主,进入秋季旺盛生长期时以积累蔗糖为主。肉苁蓉的糖分积累与梭梭不同,己糖含量约占可溶性总糖的62.45%,而蔗糖仅为可溶性总糖的4.98%,故肉苁蓉为己糖积累型。寄主梭梭同化枝内蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性较转化酶活性和蔗糖合成酶活性低,其中寄生肉苁蓉的梭梭的分解酶类活性高于未寄生肉苁蓉的梭梭。肉苁蓉体内转化酶活性较低,而蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性较高,且蔗糖合成酶活性高于蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性,表现为肉苁蓉中的分解酶类活性高于合成酶类活性,较高的分解酶类活性促进了蔗糖的分解,从而促进了糖分由寄主梭梭向肉苁蓉的不断转移。总体来看,肉苁蓉和寄主梭梭体内糖分的代谢主要以蔗糖合成酶为主,其它2种酶为辅协同参与调控。  相似文献   

10.
于日光温室中栽培的番茄第一花序第一花开花和开花10d时分别作昼间35℃亚高温处理(以25℃为对照),检测不同生育期的番茄叶与果实中同化产物积累与代谢变化的结果表明:番茄开花后叶中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量均下降,花后亚高温处理时期越早,叶中糖含量越低;果实发育过程中的果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量比25℃下的高,但成熟时趋于一致。叶和果实中蔗糖代谢相关酶的活性变化基本一致,酸性转化酶(AI)与中性转化酶(NI)活性下降,蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性升高。  相似文献   

11.
The high sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) capacity and the low soluble acid invertase activity of mature leaves of the first flush of leaves remained stable during second flush development. Conversely, fluctuations of sucrose synthase (SS) activity were in parallel with the sucrose requirement of the second flush. Sucrose synthase activity (synthesis direction) in first flush leaves could increase in 'response' to sink demand constituted by the second flush growth. Only the ptotosynthates provided by flush mature leaves were translocated for a current flush, while the starch content of these leaves remained stable. After their emergence, second flush leaves showed an increase in SPS and SS (Synthetic direction) activities. The high sucrose synthesis in second flush leaves was used for leaf expansion. When young leaves were 30% fully expanded (stage II20), SPS activity showed little change whereas SS activity declined rapidly toward and after full leaf expansion. The starch accumulation in the young leaves occured simultaneously with their expansion. Developing leaves showed a high level of acid invertase activity until maximum leaf expansion (stage II1). In first and second flush leaves, changes in acid invertase activity correlated positively with changes in reducing sugar concentrations. Alkaline invertase and sucrose synthase (cleavage direction) activities showed similar changes with low values when compared with those of acid invertase activity, especially in second flush leaves. The present results suggest that soluble acid invertase was the primary enzyme responsible for sucrose catabolism in the expanding common oak leaf.  相似文献   

12.
Fruits of orange-fleshed and green-fleshed muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were harvested at different times throughout development to evaluate changes in metabolism which lead to sucrose accumulation, and to determine the basis of differences in fruit sucrose accumulation among genotypes. Concentrations of sucrose, raffinose saccharides, hexoses and starch, as well as activities of the sucrose metabolizing enzymes sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) (EC 2.4.1.14), sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13), and acid and neutral invertases (EC 3.2.1.26) were measured. Sucrose synthase and neutral invertase activities were relatively low (1.7 ± 0.3 micromole per hour per gram fresh weight and 2.2 ± 0.2, respectively) and changed little throughout fruit development. Acid invertase activity decreased during fruit development, (from as high as 40 micromoles per hour per gram fresh weight) in unripe fruit, to undetectable activity in mature, ripened fruits, while SPS activity in the fruit increased (from 7 micromoles per hour per gram fresh weight) to as high as 32 micromoles per hour per gram fresh weight. Genotypes which accumulated different amounts of sucrose had similar acid invertase activity but differed in SPS activity. Our results indicate that both acid invertase and SPS are determinants of sucrose accumulation in melon fruit. However, the decline in acid invertase appears to be a normal function of fruit maturation, and is not the primary factor which determines sucrose accumulation. Rather, the capacity for sucrose synthesis, reflected in the activity of SPS, appears to determine sucrose accumulation, which is an important component of fruit quality.  相似文献   

13.
小麦开花后旗叶中蔗糖合成与籽粒中蔗糖降解   总被引:26,自引:1,他引:25  
在小麦开花后,旗叶中蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性在开花后14d内一直维持较高水平,蔗糖合成酶(SS)的活性在开花后14-28d较高,蔗糖的含量与SPS活性呈显著正相关,籽粒中蔗糖合成酶(SS)在开花后28d内一直维持较高的活性;与此相对应,籽粒蔗糖的含量在开花后28d内呈明显的下降趋势。而旗叶和籽粒中SS活性均与籽粒淀粉的积累速率呈极显著正相关。  相似文献   

14.
杨梅果实发育进程中的碳水化合物代谢   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
以‘乌紫’和‘荸荠’两个杨梅品种为试材,测定了干鲜重、糖含量、可滴定酸含量、蔗糖和己糖代谢相关酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,杨梅果实的干鲜重、含糖量的快速增长和可滴定酸含量的快速下降均发生在果实发育后期。成熟‘乌紫’杨梅果实的蔗糖含量约占总糖的2/3以上,而‘荸荠’杨梅仅为总糖的49%。‘荸荠’杨梅的转化酶和蔗糖合酶分解活性随着果实发育呈上升趋势,‘乌紫’杨梅的则变化不大。两个品种的蔗糖磷酸合酶活性随着果实发育呈上升趋势,但蔗糖合酶合成活性到果实发育中期后下降。两个品种的己糖激酶活性变化相似,但果糖激酶活性的变化趋势不同。  相似文献   

15.
We examined variability in sucrose levels and metabolism in ripe fruits of wild and domestic Vaccinium species and in developing fruits of cultivated blueberry (V. ashei and V. corymbosum). The objective was to determine if sufficient variability for fruit sucrose accumulation was present in existing populations to warrant attempts to breed for high-sucrose fruit, which potentially would be less subject to bird predation. Threefold differences in fruit sucrose concentration were found among Vaccinium species, ranging from 19 to 24 mg (g fresh weight)?1 in V. stamineum and V. arboreum to approximately 7 mg (g fresh weight)?1 in cultivated blueberry (V. ashei and V. corymbosum) and V. darrowi. Hexose levels were similar among species, ranging from 90 to 110 mg (g fresh weight)–1, and glucose and fructose were present in equal amounts. Soluble acid invertase (EC 3.2.1.26) activity was negatively correlated with fruit sucrose concentration. There was no apparent correlation between fruit sugar concentration and either sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) or sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14) activities, both of which were low for all species studied. Developmental increases in fruit sugar levels of cultivated blueberry followed a pattern similar to that observed in fruit fresh weight accumulation. Hexose concentrations ranged from 6 to 30 mg (g fresh weight)?1 during the first 60 days after anthesis. Between 60 days and fruit ripening (80 days), hexose levels rose from 30 to 80 mg (g fresh weight)?1. Sucrose was not detected in fruits until ripening, when low levels were found. Insoluble acid invertase activity was relatively high early in fruit development, decreasing as soluble acid invertase activity increased. Between 60 days and fruit ripening, soluble acid invertase activity increased from 3 to 55 μmol (g fresh weight)–1 h–1. Both sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities were low throughout development. The extent of sucrose accumulation in fruits and the degree of variability for this trait among Vaccinium species support the feasibility of developing high sucrose fruits, which would be a potentially valuable addition to current strategies of minimizing crop losses to birds.  相似文献   

16.
Low temperature represents one of the principal limitations in species distribution and crop productivity. Responses to chilling include the accumulation of simple carbohydrates and changes in enzymes involved in their metabolism. Soluble carbohydrate levels and invertase, sucrose synthase (SS), sucrose-6-phosphate synthase (SPS) and alpha-amylase activities were analysed in cotyledons and embryonic axes of quinoa seedlings grown at 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C in the dark. Significant differences in enzyme activities and carbohydrate levels were observed. Sucrose content in cotyledons was found to be similar in both treatments, while in embryonic axes there were differences. Invertase activity was the most sensitive to temperature in both organs; however, SS and SPS activities appear to be less stress-sensitive. Results suggest that 1) metabolism in germinating perispermic seeds would be different from endospermic seeds, 2) sucrose futile cycles would be operating in cotyledons, but not in embryonic axes of quinoa seedlings under our experimental conditions, 3) low temperature might induce different regulatory mechanisms on invertase, SS and SPS enzymes in both cotyledons and embryonic axes of quinoa seedlings, and 4) low temperature rather than water uptake would be mainly responsible for the changes observed in carbohydrate and related enzyme activities.  相似文献   

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