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1.
KISS-1/GPR54基因及其在生殖中的作用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
冯涛  储明星  张英杰 《遗传》2008,30(4):419-425
KISS-1及其受体GPR54基因对青春期的正常启动具有重要作用。青春期开始前后, 动物下丘脑中KISS-1和GPR54 mRNA水平很高, Kisspeptins(KISS-1基因产物)通过激活GPR54增加促性腺激素的释放, KISS-1基因的表达受性腺类固醇激素的调控。GPR54基因突变可以导致人和鼠的特发性促性腺激素分泌不足性腺机能减退症和促性腺激素依赖性性早熟。文章还介绍了KISS-1、GPR54基因的结构、表达、多态性以及和其它生殖调控因子之间的相互关系。  相似文献   

2.
卓琦 《动物学研究》2013,(5):519-530
Kisspeptin是近10年新发现的调控动物生殖内分泌的关键因子,是kiss基因所编码的多肽产物,属神经内分泌肽类激素,为G蛋白偶联受体54(GPR54)的内源性配体。Kisspeptin具多个功能性的分子结构形态,在鱼类中,主要结构形式为Kisspeptin-10肽。Kisspeptin/GPR54系统在生殖中具重要功能。该文综合现有研究资料,就Kisspeptin在鱼类生殖内分泌调控中的概况、Kisspeptin神经元在鱼脑中的分布和定位、鱼类Kisspeptin分子的多态性、Kisspeptin调控鱼生殖内分泌的功能多样性、Kisspeptin调控鱼类生殖内分泌的机制、Kisspeptin的分子进化以及Kisspeptin和其他功能分子对鱼类生殖内分泌的协同调控进行了初步阐述,同时对Kisspeptin在鱼类生殖内分泌调控中的研究进行了展望。  相似文献   

3.
促性腺激素的神经内分泌调控   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
本文简要介绍了哺乳动物胎儿时的促性腺激素的神经内分泌调节及成体时促性腺激素的神经内分泌调节,着重介绍儿茶酚胺、阿片样、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、GPR54(视黄酸家族G蛋白偶联受体)/kisspeptin(GPR54内源性配体)以及Ghrelin(生长激素促分泌素受体的内源性配体)对促性腺激素分泌的调控作用。  相似文献   

4.
动物季节性繁殖分子调控机理研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Huang DW  Chu MX 《遗传》2011,33(7):695-706
动物季节性发情繁殖涉及下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴系统复杂的神经内分泌过程,并受光照周期等环境因素的影响。褪黑激素则作为光周期信号分子调控动物季节性繁殖活动。近年来研究发现,对GnRH分泌有重要影响的Kiss1/GPR54系统既受褪黑激素的调控又受到性腺类固醇激素反馈调节,Kiss1/GPR54系统很可能是调控动物季节性繁殖的关键因子;同时动物季节性繁殖很可能还存在一条涉及TSH-DIO2/DIO3系统的逆向调控通路,该系统同样显著影响GnRH合成释放并受褪黑激素调控。文章就褪黑激素中心信号,特别是Kiss1/GPR54和TSH-DIO2/DIO3系统对繁殖季节性调控的最新研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

5.
了解少突胶质细胞分化的调控机制对促进中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病髓鞘再生有重要意义。近年来研究发现,G蛋白偶联受体GPR17在调控少突胶质细胞分化和髓鞘再生中发挥了重要作用。本文主要就GPR17的特点及其在少突胶质细胞分化和脱髓鞘疾病中的作用作一简要综述,从而为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病的治疗及药物研发提供新的理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
G蛋白偶联受体54(GPR54, G protein-coupled receptor 54)是kisspeptin (Kiss)的受体蛋白。Kisspeptin/GPR54系统通过调节促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的活性来参与鱼类生殖调控。为了研究Kisspeptin/GPR54系统对达氏鲟(Acipenser dabryanus)GnRH的调控功能, 克隆得到达氏鲟2个gpr54基因的全长cDNA序列, 命名为dsgpr54-1及dsgpr54-2, 分别编码379和368个氨基酸。氨基酸序列比对及进化树分析表明, 达氏鲟Gpr54与四足动物Gpr54序列一致性较高, 亲缘关系较近。荧光定量PCR研究发现, dsgpr54-1的转录本在精巢、卵巢、下丘脑、垂体、中脑及端脑等组织中均有表达, 且在下丘脑中转录水平最高; 而dsgpr54-2仅在脑组织中转录, 且在垂体、中脑及下丘脑中表达丰度均较高。为了研究Gpr54是否可以与其配体Kisspeptin结合调控下丘脑中gnrh基因的表达, 分别合成了达氏鲟Kiss-1和Kiss-2的核心十肽(10 nmol/L、1000 nmol/L), 腹腔注射到9月龄达氏鲟。结果表明, 不同浓度Kiss-1、Kiss-2注射均引起gpr54基因表达量升高, 并且10 nmol/L Kiss-2注射能够显著促进dsgpr54-2的表达(P<0.05)。另外, 不同浓度Kiss-1注射均造成了gnrh转录水平的下降; 而10 nmol/L Kiss-2注射使得gnrh1表达量上升, 而gnrh2的表达量下降, 1000 nmol/L Kiss-2注射则引起gnrh1表达量的下降, gnrh2的表达量没有显著变化。上述研究结果表明, 达氏鲟gpr54基因均能与其配体kiss-1、kiss-2相结合, 但表现出一定的受体-配体选择性差异。Kiss-1、Kiss-2通过激活Gpr54的活性, 调控下丘脑中gnrh基因的表达, 且其调控功能存在差异。  相似文献   

7.
G蛋白偶联受体161(GPR161)是G蛋白偶联受体家族孤儿受体家族成员,在哺乳动物晶状体发育调节和神经胚形成中具有重要作用。近年来研究发现该蛋白罕见地拥有类似支架蛋白的结构特征,暗示其信号转导机制不同于其他G蛋白偶联受体。本研究以家鸡Gallus gallus为动物模型,探究GPR161基因序列信息、分子遗传进化关系以及其组织表达图谱。家鸡GPR161基因编码区序列全长1 566 bp,编码具521个氨基酸的前体蛋白。序列分析显示,家鸡GPR161基因编码区与人Homo sapiens、小鼠Mus musculus、斑马鱼Danio rerio的氨基酸相似度分别为83.0%、82.6%、65.8%。分子进化遗传分析结果显示,GPR161基因在家鸡与斑马鱼的进化关系比家鸡与人或小鼠都更为疏远。利用荧光定量PCR探究家鸡GPR161基因在各组织的表达分布,结果显示,家鸡GPR161基因mRNA在精巢或卵巢、大脑、心脏、肌肉中有较高表达。本研究是鸟类中关于GPR161基因的首次报道,研究结果为进一步探究GPR161基因在鸟类中的生理效应提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
KISS-1和GPR54(Kiss-1受体)基因共同作用组成KISS-1/GPR54系统,参与HPGA启动青春期,调节下丘脑分泌Gn RH,并刺激垂体门脉系统分泌LH、FSH对性腺产生作用,刺激雌激素、睾酮等激素合成,进而促使卵子和精子的产生,使个体具备生殖能力,在生殖中起关键调控作用。该文章对这两个基因在猪的繁育性能中的作用进行简述,旨在探讨和挖掘影响猪繁育的遗传机理及作用,为更有效地提高猪场产量及优良繁育猪种的选育提供参考依据。  相似文献   

9.
孕酮受体基因的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
张宝云  狄冉  储明星  王凭青  鲁浪 《遗传》2008,30(12):1536-1544
摘要: 孕酮作为一种甾体激素, 在各种雌性哺乳动物生殖活动中起关键作用。在人类和其他脊椎动物中, 孕酮的生物活性主要是通过两个孕酮受体PGR-A和PGR-B转录活性的调节来介导。文章介绍了孕酮受体基因的结构、表达调控和多态性, 并讨论了该基因与哺乳动物生殖功能的关系。  相似文献   

10.
哺乳动物的性别决定相关基因的作用机理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
哺乳动物的性别决定是以Sry基因为主导,其它多个基因参与的级联调控的机制。近年来的研究表明,Sry、Sox9、Wt1、Sf1、Amh、Dax1、Dmrt1、Wnt4等基因都参与性别决定的级联过程。哺育动物性别决定相关基因的研究,对性分化与生殖发育过程的了解具有十分重要的意义。主要论述了参与哺乳动物性别决定与调控的相关基因、可能作用机制及其研究进展等。  相似文献   

11.
Kisspeptins are neuropeptides that induce the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone via the activation of the cognate receptor, G-protein coupled receptor 54 (GPR54). The kisspeptin–GPR54 axis is associated with the onset of puberty and the maintenance of the reproductive system. In this study, several fluorescent probes have been designed and synthesized for rat GPR54 through the modification of the N-terminus of rat kisspeptins to allow for the visualization of the expression and localization of kisspeptin receptor(s) in living cells and native tissues. The tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) and rhodamine green (RG)-labeled kisspeptins exhibited good binding and agonistic activities towards GPR54, and the results of the application studies demonstrated that these fluorescent probes could be used effectively for the detection of GPR54 receptors in flow cytometry and confocal microscopy experiments.  相似文献   

12.
Kisspeptins, endogenous peptide ligands for GPR54, play an important role in GnRH secretion. Since in vivo administration of kisspeptins induces increased plasma LH levels, GPR54 agonists hold promise as therapeutic agents for the treatment of hormonal secretion diseases. To facilitate the design of novel potent GPR54 ligands, residues in kisspeptins that involve in the interaction with GPR54 were investigated by kisspeptin-based photoaffinity probes. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of novel kisspeptin-based photoaffinity probes, and the application to crosslinking experiments for GPR54-expressing cells.  相似文献   

13.
Kisspeptins, coded by the KiSS-1 gene, regulate aspects of the reproductive axis by stimulating GnRH release via the G protein coupled receptor, GPR54. Recent reports show that KiSS/GPR54 may be key mediators in photoperiod-controlled reproduction in seasonal breeders, and that KiSS-1/GPR54 are expressed in the hypothalamus, ovaries, placenta, and pancreas. This study examined the expression of KiSS-1/GPR54 mRNA and protein in ovaries of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Ovaries from cycling hamsters were collected during proestrus (P), estrus (E), diestrus I (DI), and diestrus II (DII). To examine KiSS-1/GPR54 during stimulated recrudescence, additional hamsters were maintained either in long day (LD 16L:8D, control) or short day (SD 8L:16D) for 14 weeks and then transferred to LD for 0-8 weeks. Staining of KiSS-1/GPR54 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in steroidogenic cells of pre-antral and antral follicles, and corpora lutea. Immunostaining peaked in P and E, but decreased in the diestrus stages (P < 0.05). In recrudescing ovaries, KiSS-1/GPR54 immunostaining was low after 14 weeks of SD exposure (post-transfer [PT] week 0), and increased during the early weeks of recrudescence. Expression of KiSS-1/GPR54 mRNA was low with short day exposure, but increased during recrudescence and was higher at PT week 8 as compared to PT weeks 0 and 2 (P < 0.05). The elevated KiSS-1/GPR54 expression during P and E suggests a potential role in ovulation in Siberian hamsters. Transient increases in KiSS-1/GPR54 expression following LD stimulation are also suggestive of possible involvement in ovulation and/or restoration of ovarian function.  相似文献   

14.
Kisspeptins, a family of peptide products derived from the KiSS-1 gene, activate their cognate receptor GPR54 in various target tissues to exert disparate functions, including inhibition of tumor metastasis and control of reproductive function. In contrast to the plethora of studies that have analyzed in recent years the regulatory functions of the KiSS-1/GPR54 system, only a limited number of reports have been primarily focused on delineating the intracellular signaling pathways involved. Nevertheless, there is solid evidence indicating that kisspeptin can activate a wide variety of signals via GPR54. These include typical G-protein (Galphaq/11)-coupled cascades, such as activation of phospholipase C (PLC), and subsequent accumulation of inositol-(1,4,5)-triphosphate (IP3), intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, and activation of protein kinase C. However, kisspeptin also activates pathways related to mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), especially ERK1/2, and p38 and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt. Additionally, the kisspeptin/GPR54 pair can also influence cell signaling by interacting with other receptors, such as chemokine receptor CXCR4, and GnRH receptor. Kisspeptin can also affect other signaling events, like expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (via NFkappaB), and that of calcineurin. The information gathered hitherto clearly indicates that activation of a specific set of interconnected signals is selectively triggered by kisspeptin via GPR54 in a cell type-dependent manner to precisely regulate functions as distinct as hormone release and cell migration. In this scenario, it will be important to decipher kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling mechanisms in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues by studying additional models, especially on natural kisspeptin targets expressing endogenous GPR54.  相似文献   

15.
KiSS1 was discovered as a metastasis suppressor gene and subsequently found to encode kisspeptins (KP), ligands for a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR54. This ligand-receptor pair was later shown to play a critical role in the neuro-endocrine regulation of puberty. The C-terminal cytoplasmic (C-ter) domain of GPR54 contains a segment rich in proline and arginine residues that corresponds to the primary structure of four overlapping SH3 binding motifs. Yeast two hybrid experiments identified the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A-C) as an interacting protein. Pull-down experiments with GST fusion proteins containing the GPR54 C-ter confirmed binding to PP2A-C in cell lysates and these complexes contained phosphatase activity. The proline arginine rich segment is necessary for these interactions. The GPR54 C-ter bound directly to purified recombinant PP2A-C, indicating the GPR54 C-ter may form complexes involving the catalytic subunit of PP2A that regulate phosphorylation of critical signaling intermediates.  相似文献   

16.
The KiSS1/GPR54 system in fish   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Elizur A 《Peptides》2009,30(1):164-170
  相似文献   

17.
Kisspeptins (Kp), peptide products of the Kisspeptin-1 (KISS1) gene are endogenous ligands for a G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54). Previous findings have shown that KISS1 acts as a metastasis suppressor in numerous cancers in humans. However, recent studies have demonstrated that an increase in KISS1 and GPR54 expression in human breast tumors correlates with higher tumor grade and metastatic potential. At present, whether or not Kp signaling promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness, required for metastasis and the underlying mechanisms, is unknown. We have found that kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), the most potent Kp, stimulates the invasion of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells using Matrigel-coated Transwell chamber assays and induces the formation of invasive stellate structures in three-dimensional invasion assays. Furthermore, Kp-10 stimulated an increase in matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-9 activity. We also found that Kp-10 induced the transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Knockdown of the GPCR scaffolding protein, β-arrestin 2, inhibited Kp-10-induced EGFR transactivation as well as Kp-10 induced invasion of breast cancer cells via modulation of MMP-9 secretion and activity. Finally, we found that the two receptors associate with each other under basal conditions, and FRET analysis revealed that GPR54 interacts directly with EGFR. The stability of the receptor complex formation was increased upon treatment of cells by Kp-10. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel mechanism by which Kp signaling via GPR54 stimulates breast cancer cell invasiveness.  相似文献   

18.
Kisspeptins, the products of KiSS-1 gene acting via G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), have recently emerged as fundamental gatekeepers of gonadal function by virtue of their ability to stimulate gonadotropin secretion. Indeed, since the original disclosure of the reproductive facet of the KiSS-1/GPR54 system, an ever-growing number of studies have substantiated the extraordinary potency of kisspeptins to elicit gonadotropin secretion in different mammalian species, under different physiologic and experimental conditions, and through different routes of administration. In this context, studies conducted in laboratory rodents have been enormously instrumental to characterize: (i) the primary mechanisms of action of kisspeptins in the control of gonadotropin secretion; (ii) the pharmacological consequences of acute vs. continuous activation of GPR54; (iii) the roles of specific populations of kisspeptin-producing neurons at the hypothalamus in mediating the feedback effects of sex steroids; (v) the function of kisspeptins in the generation of the pre-ovulatory surge of gonadotropins; and (iv) the influence of sex steroids on GnRH/gonadotropin responsiveness to kisspeptins. While some of those aspects of kisspeptin function will be covered elsewhere in this Special Issue, we summarize herein the most salient data, obtained in laboratory rodents, that have helped to define the physiologic roles and putative pharmacological implications of kisspeptins in the control of male and female gonadotropic axis.  相似文献   

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