异胫长小蠹属中国记录种

我国2007年修订公布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》将异胫长小蠹属非中国种作为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。因此开展该类群中国记录种的厘订工作具有重要意义。本文记述了异胫长小蠹属中国记录种13种,即针叶异胫长小蠹Crossotarsus coniferae、缺刻异胫长小蠹C.emancipatus、外齿异胫长小蠹C.externedentatus、壳斗异胫长小蠹C.fagacearum.、黄翅长小蠹C.flavomaculotus、端刺异胫长小蠹C.impariporus,日本异胫长小蠹C.niponicus、黑异胫长小蠹C.piceus、台湾异胫长小蠹C.sauteri、简长小蠹C.simplex、鳞异胫长小蠹C.squamulatus、端异胫长小蠹C.terminatus和华氏异胫长小蠹C.wallacei,对这些种类的主要形态特征进行了描述,并编制了种类检索表。同时整理出了这些种类的寄主及分布。     

基于mtDNA COⅠ基因的十种长小蠹分子系统进化研究（鞘翅目：长小蠹科）

全世界记录的长小蠹（鞘翅目：长小蠹科）有1 500余种,其分类地位一直存在争议。本研究通过分子基因信息探讨长小蠹科昆虫的分子系统进化关系,测定了中对长小蠹Euplatypus parallelus（Fabricius）、希氏长小蠹E. hintzi Schaufuss、散对长小蠹E. solutus Schedl、杯长小蠹Dinoplatypus cupulatus Chapuis、小杯长小蠹D. cupulatulus Schedl、芦苇黄截尾长小蠹D. calamus Blandford、五棘长小蠹Diapus quinquespinatus Chapuis、锥长小蠹Treptoplatypus solidus Walk、栎长小蠹Platypus quercivorus Murayama和东亚长小蠹P. lewisi Blandford等长小蠹科5属10种mtDNA COⅠ基因部分序列（549 bp）;采用MEGA3.1分析了序列组成及遗传距离,应用PAUP4.0分别构建了长小蠹NJ,MP和ML等3种分子系统树,同时结合长小蠹的形态分类,探讨10 种长小蠹及其所在属的系统进化。结果表明：长小蠹科昆虫在碱基使用频率上有很大的偏向性;长小蠹科与外群小蠹科松瘤小蠹Orthotomicus erosus Wollaston之间的遗传距离（0.288～0.338）远大于科内种间距离（0～0.226）;Diapus属分化最早,Euplatypus属独成一支,Treptohlatypus, Dinoplatypus和Platypus 3属分化为一支。长小蠹科分子系统进化研究结果与Wood（1993）新修订的分类系统基本一致,说明长小蠹科的分类系统更趋于合理。     

异胫长小蠹属中国记录种

我国2007年修订公布的《中华人民共和国进境植物检疫性有害生物名录》将异胫长小蠹属非中国种作为我国进境植物检疫性有害生物。因此开展该类群中国记录种的厘订工作具有重要意义。本文记述了异胫长小蠹属中国记录种13种,即针叶异胫长小蠢Crossotarsus conife瑚、缺刻异胫长小蠹cemancipatus、外齿异胫长小蠹cexternedentatus、壳斗异胫长小蠹cfagacearum、黄翅长小蠹c伽o,,啪u纽础、端刺异胫长小蠢Cimpariporus,日本异胫长小蠢cniponicus、黑异胫长小蠹c．piceus、台湾异胫长小蠢csauteri、简长小蠹csimplex、鳞异胫长小蠹c．squamulatus、端异胫长小蠢Cterminatus和华氏异胫长小蠹c．wallacei,对这些种类的主要形态特征进行了描述,并编制了种类检索表。同时整理出了这些种类的寄主及分布。     

基于mtDNA CO I基因的十种长小蠹分子系统进化研究 (鞘翅目:长小蠹科)

全世界记录的长小蠹(鞘翅目:长小蠹科)有1 500余种,其分类地位一直存在争议.本研究通过分子基因信息探讨长小蠹科昆虫的分子系统进化关系,测定了中对长小蠹Euplatypus parallelus(Fabricius)、希氏长小蠹E. hintzi Schaufuss、散对长小蠹E. solutus Schedl、杯长小蠹Dinoplatypus cupulatus Chapuis、小杯长小蠹D.cupulatulus Schedl、芦苇黄截尾长小蠹D.calamus Blandford、五棘长小蠹Diapus quinquespinatus Chapuis、锥长小蠹Treptoplatypus solidus Walk、栎长小蠹Platypus quercivorus Murayama和东亚长小蠹P.lewosi Blandford等长小蠹科5属10种mtDNA CO I基因部分序列(549 bp);采用MEGA3.1分析了序列组成及遗传距离,应用PAUP4.0分别构建了长小蠹NJ,MP和ML等3种分子系统树,同时结合长小蠹的形态分类,探讨10种长小蠹及其所在属的系统进化.结果表明:长小蠹科昆虫在碱基使用频率上有很大的偏向性;长小蠹科与外群小蠹科松瘤小蠹Orthotomicus erosus Wollaston之间的遗传距离(0.288～0.338)远大于科内种间距离(0～0.226);Diapus属分化最早,Euplatypus属独成一支,Treptohlatypus,Dinoplatypus和Platypus 3属分化为一支.长小蠹科分子系统进化研究结果与Wood(1993)新修订的分类系统基本一致,说明长小蠹科的分类系统更趋于合理.     

进口美国松木中截获齿小蠹的鉴定(鞘翅目:小蠹科)

本文对2010—2015年全国口岸从美国进境松木中截获的齿小蠹进行了分析,分别对美云杉齿小蠹Ips borealis、美雕齿小蠹I.calligraphus、混点齿小蠹I.confusus、重齿小蠹I.duplicatus、南部松齿小蠹I.grandicollis、蒙大拿齿小蠹I.montanus、似混齿小蠹I.paraconfusus、白云杉齿小蠹I.perturbatus、美松齿小蠹I.pini、平额重齿小蠹I.plastographus、十二齿小蠹I.sexdentatus、云杉八齿小蠹I.typographus 12种昆虫的进境寄主进行统计,对截获频次进行分析对其成虫的主要形态特征进行了描述,编制了分种检索表,对检疫鉴定工作具有指导意义。     

不同颜色粘虫板对多毛小蠹和皱小蠹的诱集效果

试验对比了红、黄、蓝、绿、黑、白六种颜色粘虫板对新疆吐鲁番地区杏树上多毛小蠹(Scolytus seulensis)和皱小蠹(Scolytus rugulosus)的引诱效果,结果表明红色和黑色粘虫板对多毛小蠹的引诱效果明显高于其他颜色;其中黑色粘虫板对皱小蠹的引诱效果最强,平均每块黑板诱捕到(11.8±5.0)头皱小蠹,红色次之,其他颜色对两种小蠹均无明显的引诱效果;红色粘虫板对多毛小蠹的引诱效果最强,平均每块红板诱捕到(16.±3.0)头多毛小蠹,黑色次之,其他颜色对两种小蠹均无明显的引诱效果.通过色板引诱虫量的变化体现出两种小蠹的不同扬飞高峰期,多毛小蠹的扬飞高峰期应在六月初,而皱小蠹的扬飞高峰出现在六月中旬.     

云南横坑切梢小蠹生物学研究

横坑切梢小蠹Tomicus minor (Hartig)是云南松Pinus yunnanensis Franchet的主要次期性害虫之一。1980年以来,该虫与纵坑切梢小蠹T. piniperda（L.）一起在中国西南部大量发生,导致数十万公顷云南松林受害。本文报道了横坑切梢小蠹在云南地区的生活史、生长、发育、繁殖等生物学特征。横坑切梢小蠹年生活史为一代,前后两代在冬春季有部分重叠。成虫羽化于4月下旬开始陆续,5 月下旬结束。成虫羽化后即飞到树冠上蛀食枝梢,直到11月发育成熟,开始繁殖。在此期间,每头成虫可以蛀食4～6个枝梢。横坑切梢小蠹在云南没有越冬习性。繁殖期从11月至次年3月。成虫主要在已经受到纵坑切梢小蠹危害的树木的中、下部产卵。繁殖期较纵坑切梢小蠹约迟1周。由于横坑切梢小蠹从枝梢到树干对云南松持续危害,对树木的危害性较在其它地区更为严重。横坑切梢小蠹利用受到纵坑切梢小蠹蛀害的树木繁殖产卵,加强了蠹虫对云南松树的危害,加速了受害树木的死亡进程。横坑切梢小蠹的上述生物生态学特征是该虫对云南松造成严重危害的重要原因。从横坑切梢小蠹虫体和虫坑中检测到伴生真菌云南半帚孢Leptographium yunnanensis。横坑切梢小蠹对该菌的带菌率在蛀梢期为11.5%;在蛀干中期约为10%～26%。     

光滑材小蠹生物学特性观察

光滑村小蠹XyleborusgermanusBlandford属鞘翅目小蠹科,是近几年发生在板栗树上的一种毁灭性蛀干害虫。调查表明在我省秦岭沿线发生面积占栗林总面积（包括野生板栗〕的85．8％,被害株率达2％～19.1％,严重地块可达30％多;平均虫口密度17．8头／株,最多达350头以上。被害树由于该虫沿年轮横向蛀坑凿道,切断树木输导组织,使树体水分及养分输送中断而枯死。自1990年以来,我们对该虫的生物学特性进行了研究,现将结果整理如下。l寄主与分布光滑材小合是一种杂食性害虫,在我省秦岭沿线危害9种树木的主干（见表）。2生活史光滑村小合1…     

榆梢小蠹Cryphalus sp.坑道系统的形成过程

在对榆梢小蠹Cryphalus sp.雌雄成虫形态特征细致比较的基础上,系统持续地研究了其坑道系统的形成过程。榆梢小蠹雌雄成虫个体大小差异不大,但雌雄次性征可见,主要区别在于额面是否有隆突和前胸背板后部鳞片多寡。主坑道内的成虫配比方式多为1雌1雄和2雌1雄,少有3雌1雄。榆梢小蠹的坑道系统形成可分为5个阶段,即侵入、召唤交尾、主坑道形成、产卵和子坑道形成,一般共历时40 d左右。     

江西材小蠹族Xyleborini(Coleoptera:Scolytinae)分类研究

为明确江西材小蠹族种类,通过系统调查,对江西材小蠹族昆虫进行了分类学研究。研究发现江西材小蠹族共16属21种,其中江西新记录种13种,中国新记录种3种:Ancipitis depressus(Eggers)、Debus fallax(Eichhoff)、Leptoxyleborus sordicauda(Motschulsky)。文中给出了标本信息及其在中国的分布、寄主和部分具有重要经济意义的种类的生物学特性以及新记录种的主要形态特征和成虫特征图。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.