褐藻裙带菜色素—蛋白质复合物的分离与命名

以非离子去污剂癸基－Ｎ－甲基葡萄糖胺为增溶剂,采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术从褐藻裙带菜（Ｕｎｄａｒｉａ ｐｉｎｎａｔｉｆｉｄａ Ｈａｒｖ．）的类囊体膜上分离到８种色素－蛋白质复合物。根据其表观分子量、光谱特性和多肽分析结果,并以高等植物菠菜（Ｓｐｉｎａｃｉａ ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ Ｌ．）为对照,按照Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ命名系统,８种色素－蛋白质复合物分别命名为ＣＰⅠ ａ、ＣＰⅠ、ＣＰａ、ＬＨＣ１、ＬＨＣ２、     

发菜类囊体膜色素蛋白复合物分离及其光谱性质的研究

采用改进的Ａｌｌｅｎ’ｓ的绿胶系统,首次对陆生蓝藻发菜（Ｎｏｓｔｏｃ ｆｌａｇｅｌｌｉｆｏｒｍｅ Ｂｏｒｎ．ｅｔ Ｆｌａｈ．）类囊体膜色素蛋白复合物进行了分离,共分离出了１１条绿色的色素蛋白复合物条带。两条浅黄色的条带。其中７条绿色条带属于ＰＳⅠ组分,４条绿色条带属于ＰＳⅡ组分,１条浅黄色条带经光谱分析初步认定为类胡萝卜素蛋白复合物,而另一条浅黄色条带为游离色素。     

莲子在光下萌发过程中叶绿体色素蛋白质复合体及光化活性的变化

实验研究了莲种子（ＮｅｌｕｍｂｏｎｕｃｉｆｅｒａＧａｅｒｔｎ．）在光下萌发过程中叶绿体色素蛋白复合体、多肽组成以及ＰＳⅡ光化活性的变化。结果表明,萌发到第６天的莲胚芽叶绿体,在ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ凝胶柱中只分出两条色素带,分别为捕光叶绿素蛋白复合体（ＬＨＣⅡ）和自由色素（ＦＰ）。萌发到第８天的莲叶绿体可分出ＣＰⅠ,ＬＨＣⅡ１、ＬＨＣⅡ和ＦＰ。仍未检测到ＰＳⅡ反应中心复合物。多肽分析表明：未萌发和萌发到第２天的叶绿体中３０ｋＤ多肽的含量显著,尽管２７ｋＤ多肽在未见光时已开始合成,但其含量很少。随着照光时间增长,３０ｋＤ多肽含量逐渐减少,２７ｋＤ多肽的含量逐渐增多,到第１２天时超过３０ｋＤ多肽的含量。电子传递速率和室温荧光诱导动力学的测定表明：ＰＳⅡ光化活性在莲子萌发到第７天时才开始出现,并随萌发时间增加而升高,与此同时Ｃｈｌａ／ｂ比值由低到高达到正常值。莲子在光下萌发过程中其叶绿体膜成分及膜功能的变化与它的超微结构的变化相符合。结果再次证明,莲胚芽叶绿体在光下的发育具有与其它高等植物所不同的独特途径,这为莲在被子植物系统发育中占有独特地位的看法提供了依据。     

叶片阶段性白化小麦的叶绿体激发能分配和荧光动力学特征

叶片阶段性白化小麦是一种非常特殊的色素突变体。本文对其白色、白绿相嵌及转绿叶片的叶绿体光化活性分别进行了测定。试验表明：（１）白化和白绿相嵌叶片的叶绿体色素合成处于停滞阶段,转绿叶片则处于色素迅速合成阶段;（２）白化、白绿相嵌和转绿叶片叶绿体的激发能传递呈递增趋势;（３）三者对绿体的ＰＳⅡ活性和原初光能转化效率也呈递增趋势;（４）白化叶片叶绿体缺乏ＰＳⅠ和ＰＳⅡ外周天线色素蛋白,白绿相嵌和转绿叶片的类囊体膜多肽组分与正常叶片相近似。     

菠菜和黄瓜光系统Ⅱ捕光叶绿素a／b蛋白质复合体的比较研究

用菠菜（Ｓｐｉｎａｃｉａ ｏｌｅｒａｃｅａ Ｍｉｌｌ．）和黄瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｍ ｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ．）叶片的叶绿体制备出光系统Ⅱ捕光叶绿素ａ／ｂ 蛋白质复合体（ＬＨＣⅡ）,并对这两种ＬＨＣⅡ的聚合状态的Ｃｈｌａ／ｂ 值、光谱特性以及多肽组分进行了比较研究。实验结果表明,菠菜ＬＨＣⅡ的Ｃｈｌａ／ｂ 为１．３３,黄瓜ＬＨＣⅡ的Ｃｈｌａ／ｂ 为１．１７。其光谱特性说明黄瓜的ＬＨＣⅡ更富含Ｃｈｌｂ。它们的多肽组分存在着明显差异,菠菜的ＬＨＣⅡ含有２７ ｋＤ和２５ ｋＤ ２个多肽,而黄瓜的ＬＨＣⅡ只含有２７ ｋＤ １个多肽,这表明２５ ｋＤ多肽含有较少的Ｃｈｌｂ。叶绿素蛋白质复合体的分析结果表明,菠菜ＬＨＣⅡ的单体、二聚体及三聚体均由２个多肽组成;而黄瓜的ＬＨＣⅡ不同聚合状态均由１个多肽组成     

盐酸胍处理大麦类囊体膜对金属阳离子调节激发能分配的影响

以大麦（ＨｏｒｄｅｕｍＶｕｌｇａｒｅＬ）叶片为实验材料,研究盐酸胍处理大麦类囊体膜对金属阳离子调节激发能分配的影响。结果表明：当未用盐酸胍处理时,Ｍｇ２＋对类囊体膜的Ｆ６８６／Ｆ７３６比值有显著的刺激作用,而用不同浓度盐酸胍处理类囊体膜,则明显阻滞Ｍｇ２＋调节激发能向ＰＳＩＩ分配,表明盐酸胍处理可能损伤类囊膜上ＬＨＣ—ＩＩ与Ｍｇ２＋调节作用有关的蛋白质,从而导致Ｍｇ２＋调节效应降低．用ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ方法研究盐酸胍处理后的类囊体膜色素蛋白复合物的组成变化,结果表明盐酸胍处理导致ＭＩＣ—ＩＩ中ＭＩＣＰ１和ＬＨＣＰ２组分消失,这说明盐酸胍处理阻滞Ｍｇ２＋调节效应可能与ＬＪＩＣ—ＩＩ上的ＬＨＣＰ１,ＬＨＣＰ２受损有关。     

不同光质对黄瓜叶片光合特性的影响

将黄瓜（ Ｃｕｃｕｍｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓ Ｌ．） 幼苗培养在相同辐照度（２０ μｍｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－１） 的白光、红光和蓝光下,研究了光质对黄瓜叶片的光合作用特性的影响。实验结果表明,生长在白光下的叶片,其叶绿素（Ｃｈｌ）含量分别比红光和蓝光下高７ ％ 和２２４％ ,在蓝光下的含量最低。生长在红光下的黄瓜叶片有较低的Ｃｈｌａ／ｂ 比值和较高的Ｃｈｌ ｂ 含量。低温（７７ Ｋ）荧光发射光谱和Ｃｈｌａ 荧光动力学诱导的实验结果表明,红光下的叶片具有较高的光系统Ⅱ（ＰＳⅡ） 活性和较低的光系统Ⅰ（ＰＳⅠ）活性,蓝光下的叶片具有较低的ＰＳⅡ活性和较高的ＰＳⅠ活性。红光下叶片的放Ｏ２ 速率比白光下叶片的放Ｏ２ 速率高４４９％ ,而蓝光下的叶片放Ｏ２ 速率略低于白光下的。表明光质对调节黄瓜叶片ＰＳⅠ和ＰＳⅡ的发育和光合活性以及光合放Ｏ２ 速率具有重要作用。     

抽薹期叶绿素缺乏油菜突变体类囊体膜的研究

以抽薹期野生型油菜和黄化突变体叶片为材料,分析了叶片和类囊体膜的不合色素组成、色素与蛋白相对含量;比较了类囊体膜光谱特性（室温吸收光谱、荧光光谱和圆二色谱）;用温和电泳、ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析了类囊体色素蛋白和多肽组成。结果显示：与野生型相比,突变体叶片的蛋白质含量不变,而Ｃhaa和Ｃhlb的含量均减少;突变体类囊体膜的Ｃhla/Chlb比值较高,Ｃhl/蛋白质比值较低,ＬＨＣⅡ色素蛋白复合物的单体和三聚体含量明显减少。突变体的天线系统相对较小、捕光效率较低。     

盐胁迫下CO_2浓度倍增对冬小麦叶绿体光能吸收和激发能分配的影响

研究了在盐胁迫下ＣＯ２浓度倍增对冬小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）京冬８号叶片光合色素含量,叶绿体对光吸收能力,激发能在两个光系统之间分配和一些荧光诱导动力学参数的影响。结果表明,ＣＯ２倍增能提高冬小麦叶片单位鲜重叶绿素（Ｃｈｌ）和类胡萝卜素（Ｃａｒ）的含量,以及含等量Ｃｈｌ的叶绿体对光能的吸收能力,增强Ｍｇ２＋对两个光系统（ＰＳⅠ和ＰＳⅡ）之间激发能分配的调节能力;ＣＯ２倍增还提高荧光猝灭速率（ΔＦｖ／Ｔ）,而降低荧光半上升时间（Ｔ１／２）。然而,盐胁迫的作用则与高ＣＯ２浓度恰恰相反。     

D1／D2／Cyt—559复合物的共振拉曼光谱

光系统Ⅱ（ＰＳⅡ）反应中心Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ－５５９复合物在４８８ｎｍ处激发的共振拉曼谱显示４个主要谱带,其峰位分别在１５３２（ｖｌ）１１６５（ｖ２）１０１０（ｖ３）和９７０（ｖ４）ｃｍ＾－１处,表明ＰＳⅡ反应中心结合的β－胡萝卜素分子是全反式构型。Ｄ１／Ｄ２／Ｃｙｔｂ－５５９复合物在色素抽提液的拉曼光谱也显示４个主要的拉曼峰,其中ｖ４谱带的强度急剧下降,说明ＰＳⅡ反应中心内部结合的β－胡萝卜素     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Determination of stoichiometry of radioiodination of proteins

A sensitive method for the detection of small quantities of hydrophobic antioxidant free radical scavengers such as butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) in aqueous samples is described. The procedure involves extraction of the hydrophobic free radical scavenger into an organic solvent phase, followed by the subsequent reaction of an aliquot of this extract with the stable cation radical tris(p-bromophenyl)amminium hexachloroantimonate (TBACA). In experiments with BHT and BHA, the loss of TBACA absorbance at 730 nm was found to be linearly proportional to the amount of antioxidant added, with quantities of BHT as small as 200 pmol being easily detectable. In aqueous suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles, assays of the aqueous BHT concentration showed that BHT partitioned strongly into the membrane phase, achieving very high BHT/phospholipid ratios. For a given concentration of BHT, partitioning into the membrane phase was greater in large, multilamellar liposomes than in either small, single-walled vesicles or in purified rat brain synaptic vesicle membranes. Direct assay of BHT and BHA in phospholipid membranes, however, was complicated by a nonspecific interaction between TBACA and the phospholipid.