湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区棘腹蛙种群初探

2004年5～10月,在湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区,采用标志-重捕法对棘腹蛙种群进行了初步的研究.结果发现,棘腹蛙种群在一年之内的种群变化呈“∧”形,即从出蛰到繁殖高峰期呈上升趋势;高峰期后由于气温、人类的捕捉、洪水等的影响呈下降趋势,同时分析了种群数与海拔、生境等因素的关系.     

基于12S和16S rRNA序列的湍蛙属部分物种的系统发育关系

测定了湍蛙属 6个种共 10个种群 ,以及 4个外群种的线粒体 12S和 16SrRNA基因片段 ,比对后有94 0bp序列 ,发现 35 2个变异位点、 186个简约性位点。运用NJ法、MP法、ML法构建了系统关系树 ,各系统树一致表明内群为一单系群 ,分为两组 :第一组中 ,四川湍蛙两种群先聚合 ,再和棕点湍蛙聚为一支 ;第二组中 ,香港湍蛙和戴云湍蛙聚为一支 ,而香港大屿山离岛湍蛙种群首先与华南湍蛙相聚 ,再与武夷湍蛙构成姐妹支。研究结果表明 :香港地区增加 1种湍蛙分布 ;戴云湍蛙是一有效种 ;四川湍蛙的石棉和洪雅种群间遗传差异达到或超过其他种间的分歧水平。     

湖南省雀形目鸟类新纪录3种

2010年7月26日,在湖南壶瓶山国家级自然保护区(以下简称壶瓶山保护区)南坪分局壶瓶山(110°47’25″E,30°06’44″N,海拔1 566 m)发现褐灰雀(Pyrrhula nipalensis)2只。2011年2月18日,在江坪分局石碾子沟(110°33’35″E,30°0’50″N,海拔439 m)再次发现褐灰雀9只(图1)。该鸟为中等体型的灰色雀,嘴绿灰色,嘴端黑色,眼先及     

湖南壶瓶山发现峨眉柳莺

正2018年5月5日,在湖南石门县壶瓶山国家级自然保护区中部的神水溪先后观察到6只峨眉柳莺(Phylloscopus emeiensis),拍摄到照片(图1),并录制了鸣唱声(图2)。同年5和6月,又先后在壶瓶山自然保护区内的平洞、望月湖、剩头、渫水、油榨湾和壶瓶山主峰共观察到41只峨眉柳莺(表1)。经查阅相关资料(郑作新等2010,邓学建等2013,郑光美2017),确认该鸟种为湖南鸟类分布新记录种。观察发现,     

武夷湍蛙

武夷湍蛙Staurois wuyiensis Liu et Hu俗称“粘搭子”、“岩搭子”;隶于蛙科湍蛙属;于1964年在福建省武夷山区的崇安县三港首次发现,经鉴定研究,定为湍蛙属的一个新种,命名为武夷湍蛙。主要分布于福建武夷山区及闽中、闽东部分地区;安徽黄山和浙江雁荡山也已有发现;在国外则未见报道。     

民族植物学与壶瓶山油脂植物资源的保护及利用

应用民族植物学的方法对壶瓶山油脂植物进行了较为全面的研究,发现壶瓶山油脂植物种类丰富(281种,隶属于70科184属).油脂植物不仅是植物油脂的主要来源,还与人们的生活息息相关.根据植物的文化象征、药用功效和食用特点可以从壶瓶山油脂植物中选择性地开发具有民族特色的野菜,保健食品、民族药物.利用当地民族文化为旅游业的发展提供参考.     

海南省尖峰岭保护区海南特有两栖类分布和种群密度调查

2005年8月、10月和2006年3月、7月,4次对海南省尖峰岭自然保护区的两栖类进行了专项调查,共发现海南特有两栖类8种,样带法计算种群数量最大的是细刺蛙（681只／km^2）,依次为脆皮蛙（376只／km^2）、小湍蛙（298只／km^2）、海南溪树蛙（207只/km^2）、海南湍蛙（90只／km^2）、海南疣螈（31只／km^2）、鳞皮厚蹼蟾（12只／km^2）、眼斑小树蛙（4只／km^2）。建议保护区对这些特有种开展长期的种群数量监测和分布范围调查。     

横断山区四种湍蛙的细胞遗传学研究

通过染色体组型分析,C带(BSG技术)分析及一种简便的Ag-NORs带分析,对四川湍蛙、理县湍蛙、棕点湍蛙和棘皮湍蛙的种间关系、染色体的演化及其性染色体等问题进行了初步探讨。结果表明:(1)四川湍蛙、理县湍蛙和棕点湍蛙之间的亲缘关系较近,而它们与棘皮湍蛙的亲缘关系较远;(2)在近缘种的分化中,染色体结构异染色质的变化和臂间倒位是重要的因素之一,这在小型染色体上表现得尤为突出;(三)四川湍蛙具有在形态上分化很明显的性染色体。C带分析表明,此性染色体主要由常染色质构成,但在其Y染色体的长臂上存在明显的中间C带,推测尚处于性染色体分化的初期阶段。     

从12S rRNA基因序列研究中国蛙科24种的进化关系

测定了中国蛙科动物24种和蟾蜍科的中华大蟾蜍线粒体12S rRNA基因长约400bp片段的序列。采用邻接法,对其数据的系统发生分析表明24种可分成3个支系：第一个支系包括棘腹蛙、合江棘蛙、棘胸蛙、大头蛙、虎纹蛙、倭蛙、泽陆蛙共７种,其中３种棘蛙组成一个单系;第二个支系由３种湍蛙,即戴云湍蛙、华南湍蛙和武夷湍蛙组成,应属于湍蛙亚科;第三支系包含余下的１４种蛙,其中５种林蛙和４种臭蛙分别组成一个单系;２种侧褶蛙先聚合后,再与弹琴水蛙聚合,２种粗上先聚合在一起,再与由林蛙组成的单系群聚合。第三支系首先与第二支系相聚,然后它们与第一支系形成姐妹群,即由蛙亚科的７个物种组成的第一支系,不与蛙亚科另１４个物种组成的第三支系直接聚合,表明第一支系的物种可能不属于蛙亚科。此外,分子证据提示把陆蛙属、大头蛙属、虎纹蛙属、棘棘属、臭蛙属、粗皮蛙属和侧褶蛙属从原来的蛙属分出有其合理性。、     

云南高黎贡山发现僜湍蛙和察隅湍蛙

2021年4和5月及7和8月在云南省高黎贡山开展两栖爬行动物调查过程中,采集到无尾目（Anura）蛙科（Ranidae）湍蛙属（Amolops）标本8号,通过形态学与分子系统学鉴定为僜湍蛙（Amolops deng）和察隅湍蛙（A. chayuensis）,为云南省两栖动物分布新纪录种。僜湍蛙雌性体长63.1 ~ 68.5 mm（n = 3）,雄性体长49.3 ~ 52.9 mm（n = 3）,头长大于头宽,鼓膜明显且纵径大于横径,掌突三个,颞褶不显,背侧褶直达胯部,后肢前伸贴体时胫跗关节超过吻端,形态特征与模式标本基本一致;察隅湍蛙雄性体长44.7 ~ 44.8 mm（n = 2）,具咽侧下外声囊,颞褶及背侧褶明显,前后肢均具褐色条纹,形态特征与模式标本基本一致。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因和COI基因片段进行系统发育分析表明,僜湍蛙和察隅湍蛙均和其模式产地西藏的序列聚成单系支。此外,基于16S rRNA计算本次采集的标本与模式产地西藏的序列间遗传距离均较小,僜湍蛙是0.8% ~ 1.2%,察隅湍蛙是0.2%。综上,确定云南高黎贡山采集到的两种湍蛙分别是僜湍蛙和察隅湍蛙。僜湍蛙此前记录仅分布于西藏察隅县和墨脱县,察隅湍蛙仅分布于西藏察隅县和八宿县,僜湍蛙在福贡县和贡山县及察隅湍蛙在贡山县的分布为首次记录;本研究进一步更新了察隅湍蛙分布的海拔海拔范围,较此前纪录低1 385 m高至2 884 m,这提示其有更广阔的生态位。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.