共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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丹顶鹤与白枕鹤的领域比较研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
丹顶鹤与白枕鹤的领域比较研究ACOMPARATIVESTUDYONTERRITORIESOFWHITENAPEDCRANEANDREDCOROWNEDCRANE关键词丹顶鹤白枕鹤领域KeywordsRedcrownedcrane,Whiten... 相似文献
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白枕鹤的领域防御行为 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
1986—1988年,作者就白枕鹤(Grus vipio)的领域防御行为在黑龙江省扎龙自然保护区进行初步调查。 每年4月中旬,营巢期间白枕鹤的巢区限界已经十分明显,巢区面积不超过10平方公里,多在常年积水的芦苇沼泽之中,其间均有小片耕地作为主要采食地。 除直接观察外,我们按白枕鹤对入侵者的反应程度不同,划分为5个不同等级:无明显反应(R_0);振翅鸣叫(R_1);起飞逼近入侵者(R_2):将入侵者逐出巢区(R_3);啄斗(R_4)。试图以定量的方法研究领域鹤对入侵者的反应。 相似文献
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丹顶鹤与白枕鹤的领域比较 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
有7种濒危鹤类受到现代人的威胁[20],丹顶鹤(Grusjaponensis)和白枕鹤(Grusvipio)是其中两种,分别为我国的Ⅰ、Ⅱ级保护动物。在中国丹顶鹤主要在黑龙江省的乌裕尔河下游和三江平原等地繁殖,数量在482~502之间[7]。吉林省的向海也有40余只繁殖鹤[8,9]。它们在长江中下游的江苏盐城、高邮湖、洪泽湖,安徽省的城东湖、石臼湖、菜子湖越冬[5]。白枕鹤繁殖区在中国东北的乌裕尔河下游、向海、达里诺尔湖以及乌苏里江以东俄罗斯的沿海边区[20]。我国已知的繁殖区内数量不多[1],… 相似文献
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人工饲养下白枕鹤繁殖生态的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
人工饲养下白枕鹤繁殖生态的研究徐新杰,刘冰许郑州动物园450002白枕鹤(OI,s吻功)是国家二级保护动物,《国际濒危物种贸易公约》中列为1级濒危物种【‘]。研究在人工饲养条件下的繁殖生态,是移地保护的重要内容。我们近年进行了该项研究,报告如下。1亲... 相似文献
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为了探讨白枕鹤Grusvipio的巢址选择特征,2007~2009年的4~5月,在黑龙江省扎龙自然保护区采用定点观察法、样方调查法、因子调查法和因子分析及显著性检验等,对白枕鹤的营巢生境类型和营巢生境特征进行了调查。结果表明,白枕鹤对营巢生境类型的要求比较单一,仅选择芦苇沼泽;巢址生境特征具有明显的偏好,即(1)距干扰区的距离多在1.5km以上(86.36%),(2)巢周的水深多小于16cm(95.45%),(3)巢周明水面面积多小于200m2(90.90%),(4)巢距火烧地的距离以1.0~2.5km居多(63.64%),(5)剩余苇丛面积多小于200m2(86.37%)、距剩余苇丛距离多大于30m(81.82%)、剩余苇丛密度多小于500株/m2(77.27%)、剩余苇丛高度以大于1.5m的居多(72.73%)。进一步分析表明,白枕鹤对营巢生境特征的要求具有普遍性和特殊性,表现出一定的适应能力,火烧地、剩余苇丛、干扰区和水是其营巢的主要环境特征。 相似文献
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我园一只雄性丹顶鹤与一只雌性白枕鹤于2001年开始自然配对产蛋,3年共产51枚,经人工孵化育雏,目前存活15只。杂种鹤在第4周后进入快速增长阶段,在12周达到最高峰,16周后增长速度明显下降,18周后部分指标停止增长。外观上,出生至3月龄时,幼鹤整体颜色都呈黄褐色,以后变化基本一致。目前,2001及2002年存活杂种鹤颜色以白色为主,夹杂着灰色羽毛。 相似文献
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为了探讨野生与散养白枕鹤(Grus vipio)觅食生境选择的异同,2004年春季,通过定点观察法、样方法、因子测定法对扎龙湿地二者繁殖前期的觅食生境选择作了对比研究。结果表明,繁殖前期,野生白枕鹤繁殖对觅食生境选择具有严格要求,倾向于选择人为活动较少(1.67km)、靠近明水面(21.0m)、剩余苇丛隐蔽度较高的苔草沼泽生境中觅食;散养白枕鹤对生境类型的要求不高,倾向于选择距人为活动区域较近(0.32km)的生境觅食。 相似文献
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2014年11月至2015年3月,以及2015年11月至2016年3月,利用卫星跟踪技术对6只越冬于鄱阳湖的白枕鹤(Grus vipio)活动区面积进行了研究,利用广义线性混合模型(GLMM)分析了水位、气温、年份、年龄及个体差异对活动区面积的影响,利用Pearson相关分析将对活动区面积影响较大的因子与活动区面积进行了相关性分析。结果发现,两个越冬期内白枕鹤平均周活动区面积,2014至2015越冬期为(57.85±94.67)km~2,2015至2016越冬期为(12.01±17.74)km~2。在两个越冬期内,活动区面积均呈显著下降趋势(2014~2015年,t=﹣2.831,P0.01;2015~2016年,t=﹣3.422,P0.01);气温对活动区面积的影响不显著(P0.05),而水位对活动区面积具有极显著影响(P0.01);2014~2015年水位高度(14.92±0.65)m,2015~2016年水位高度(15.39±0.70)m,周活动区面积与同期水位高度显著正相关(2014~2015年,r=0.370,P0.01;2015~2016年,r=0.380,P0.01)。推测水位的变化影响越冬白枕鹤主要食物的生长及可获得性,进而导致越冬期白枕鹤活动区面积的相应变化。 相似文献
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《Cryobiology》2018
The capacity to cryopreserve semen from captive cranes facilitates production of offspring from behaviorally incompatible or geographically separated pairs, and allows for long-term preservation of valuable genetic materials. The present study sought to develop effective cryopreservation protocols for whooping (Grus americana) and white-naped (Grus vipio) cranes, through examining the influences of two permeating (DMA and Me2SO) and one non-permeating (sucrose) cryoprotectants, as well as vitamin E on post-thaw sperm survival. In Study 1, ejaculates (whooping: n = 10, white-naped: n = 8) were collected and cryopreserved in one of six cryo-diluents (crane extender with: DMA; DMA+0.1M sucrose; Me2SO; Me2SO+0.1M sucrose; 0.1M sucrose; 0.2M sucrose) using a two-step cooling method. Frozen samples were thawed and assessed for overall motility, motion characteristics, membrane integrity, morphology, and ability to bind to the inner perivitelline membrane (IPVM). In Study 2, whooping crane ejaculates (n = 17) were frozen in crane extender containing Me2SO alone or with vitamin E (5 μg/mL or 10 μg/mL). Frozen samples were thawed and assessed as in Study 1, except the binding assay. White-naped crane sperm were more tolerant to cryopreservation than whooping crane (15% vs 6% post-thawed motility). In both species, sperm cryopreserved in medium containing Me2SO alone displayed higher post thaw survival and ability to bind to IPVM than the other cryodiluent treatments. Vitamin E supplementation exerted no benefits to post thaw motility or membrane integrity. The findings demonstrated that there was species specificity in the susceptibility to cryopreservation. Nevertheless, Me2SO was a preferred cryoprotectant for sperm from both whooping and white-naped cranes. 相似文献
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Tanaka Y Iguchi K Yoshimura J Nakagiri N Tainaka K 《Journal of theoretical biology》2011,268(1):98-104
Ayu fish form algae-feeding territories in a river during a non-breeding (growing) season. We build a cost-benefit theory to describe the breakdown and formation of territory. In the early stage of a growing season, all fish hold territories at low densities. Once all territory sites are occupied, excess fish become floaters. When fish density further increases, a phase transition occurs: all the territories suddenly break down and fish form a school. In contrast, when the fish density is decreased, territories are suddenly formed from the school. Both theory and experiments demonstrate that ayu should exhibit a historical effect: the breakdown and formation processes of territory are largely different. In particular, the theory in formation process predicts a specific fish behavior: an “attempted territory holder” that tries to have a small territory emerges just before the formation of territory. 相似文献
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Juveniles of Stegastes nigricans occur in adult colonies, solitarily, and occasionally in juvenile colonies. We concentrated on solitary juveniles and those
in adult colonies. We examined the costs and benefits of different settlement strategies, quantified the territory requirements
of adults, and investigated the process of how juveniles make the transition to adult territorial fish. An adequate adult
territory lies next to those of other adults, is proportional in area to the size of the adult, and contains a refuge tunnel
whose entrance is sufficiently large. Compared with solitary juveniles, those <4 cm total length inhabiting adult colonies
experienced reduced heterospecific competition for algal food and consequently benefited from a greater density of algae.
A cost of recruiting into an adult colony, however, was increased attacks by adults. Juveniles that settled in adult colonies
avoided attacks by retreating into small holes inaccessible to adults. As juveniles in adult colonies grew, they were chased
less often by adults, whereas they themselves chased adults and heterospecific fish more often. Because territory size correlated
with fish size in adult colonies, its area had to expand as the young fish grew, and that expansion was done at the expense
of neighbors. Obtaining the space needed by an adult may be possible only when the juvenile settles directly into an adult
colony. Juveniles that first settle down solitarily, or in juvenile colonies, may later attempt to enter adult colonies. However,
because they do so as larger juveniles, they would have difficulty insinuating themselves into small refuges, which is essential
for retreat from the adults.
Received in revised form: 4 January 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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胡列也吐位于内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟陈巴尔虎旗境内 ,地理位置在东经 4 9°4 8′,北纬 1 1 8°2 7′ ,总面积为 4 0km2 。 1 998年笔者对本区的鹤类资源进行了为期一年的调查。本区共有 5种鹤栖息 ,本次共记录到 4种鹤计 78只。其中白头鹤 52只 ,丹顶鹤 1 1只 ,白枕鹤 4只 ,蓑羽鹤 1 1只。灰鹤在本区有分布 ,但本次调查未见。此外还记录到我国最大的白头鹤夏季集群。 相似文献
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Satellite tracking and avian conservation in Asia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using satellite tracking, we have followed the migration of birds in Asia for more than 10 years. We have investigated the migration patterns of around 15 species of birds, focusing on, but not limited to, cranes (Gruidae) and storks (Ciconiidae). To relay bird locations, we employed platform transmitter terminals in combination with ARGOS satellites. Location data were then utilized in a variety of applications, from determining migration routes, stopover patterns and wintering sites, through more advanced analyses including using various data overlays to examine habitat use, occupation of nature reserves, differential migration patterns between adults and juvenile birds, and the connectivity and network structure of migration pathways. We have also developed recommendations for spatial improvements to nature reserves. We emphasize the importance of continued empirical research and development of analytical methodologies involving satellite location data in concert with effecting conservation outcomes using satellite-derived data. 相似文献
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海南长臂猿(Nomascus hainanus)是野外研究最少的长臂猿种类之一。在过去的十多年中,只了解其种群数量、种群结构、栖息地和有关于其食物种类的极少量信息。对于世界上最濒危的灵长类之一的海南长臂猿,在长达4年的野外研究中,主要采用扫描取样法和焦点动物取样法观察到了4次海南长臂猿的合群现象,并发现了现存的两群海南长臂猿之间的合群行为不同于其他长臂猿,如白掌长臂猿(Hylobates lar)的合群行为。在海南长臂猿的合群行为中,只观察到了雌雄性成年个体和雄性亚成体以及青年雄性个体之间的鸣叫和追逐行为,而没有发现像白掌长臂猿样的两群体成员间的玩耍和理毛行为,更没有偷情行为和白掌长臂猿那样致命的激烈打斗行为的存在,即只存在着鸣叫行为和竞争性行为。两群体的雌性成年母猿根本就不参与到追逐行为中,它们只是在相距合群行为发生地点20—30m处休息和观望。同时,海南长臂猿相遇的持续时间也不像其他种类的长臂猿那样长,只有24—51min。另外,也没有发生打斗行为。对于海南长臂猿雌雄性成年个体在群体相遇时的行为,我们认为是它们对其领域的保护,而未成年个体则是通过参与这种追逐方式学习如何保护自己今后的领域。 相似文献