胡子鲶粘液细胞类型及其在消化道中的分布

利用阿新兰过碘酸雪夫试剂染色方法 ,对胡子鲶粘液细胞类型以及在消化道中的分布进行了研究。根据AB PAS染色结果 ,将粘液细胞分为四型 :Ⅰ型 ,AB PAS染色呈红色 ,含有PAS阳性的中性粘多糖 ;Ⅱ型 ,AB PAS染色呈蓝色 ,含有AB阳性的酸性粘多糖 ;Ⅲ型 ,AB PAS染色呈紫红色 ,主要含有PAS阳性的中性粘多糖 ,同时含有少量AB阳性的酸性粘多糖 ;Ⅳ型 ,AB PAS染色呈蓝紫色 ,主要含有AB阳性的酸性粘多糖 ,同时含有少量PAS阳性的中性粘多糖。同时发现粘液细胞在消化道的各段均有分布 ,但是不同部位的粘液细胞数和类型均有差异。     

人结肠切片三种特殊染色的比较

目的比较人结肠组织切片阿利辛蓝AB染色(Alcian Blue)、过碘酸雪夫氏PAS染色(Periodic Acid Schiff)及洋红三种染色方法及镜下特点。方法取人结肠,Carnoy氏固定液固定,对结肠组织进行阿利辛蓝AB染色、PAS染色及洋红染色,光学显微镜下观察染色效果。结果三种染色都能清晰显示结肠组织的结构,尤其对结肠的粘膜层进行了观察。阿利辛蓝染色使结肠上皮吸收细胞的细胞核染为红色,杯状细胞中的黏液染为蓝紫色;洋红染色使结肠上皮吸收细胞的细胞核染为蓝紫色,杯状细胞中的黏液染为红色。结论阿利辛蓝和洋红染色均能清楚显示杯状细胞中的黏液,且染色后的细胞质和细胞核成为互补色,结构清晰,对比明显。     

病理组织PAS染色影响因素分析

目的分析病理组织过碘酸雪夫氏(periodic acid Schiff, PAS)染色的影响因素,以期提高其染色效果。方法选取已知含有PAS阳性物质的胃粘膜组织,分别制作成蜡块,通过对比试验,比较高碘酸水溶液不同染色时长、雪夫氏(Schiff)试剂不同配制方法、Schiff试剂不同保存时间对PAS染色质量的影响。结果胃粘膜组织在使用高碘酸水溶液染色11～15min优于其他时长,Schiff试剂热配法优于冷配法,试剂保存2个月内的染色效果优于试剂保存大于2个月者。结论胃粘膜组织使用高碘酸水溶液染色11～15min、热配法配制的Schiff试剂、保存在2个月内的Schiff试剂进行染色效果最佳。     

异育银鲫上皮瘤中黏液细胞类型、分布和分泌方式

采用苏木精.伊红(H.E)和阿利新蓝.过碘酸雪夫试剂(AB-PAS,AB染液pH 2.6)染色方法对异育银鲫(carassius auratus gibelio♀×Cyprinus carpio var.singuonensis♂)上皮瘤组织中黏液细胞的类型、分布、大小和分泌方式进行了研究.根据AB-PAS的染色结果,上皮瘤组织中黏液细胞分为4种类型:染成红色的I型黏液细胞,只含有PAS阳性的中性黏多糖;染成蓝色的Ⅱ型黏液细胞,只含有AB阳性的酸性黏多糖;染成紫红色的Ⅲ型黏液细胞,主要含有PAS阳性的中性黏多糖,同时含有少量AB阳性的酸性黏多糖;染成蓝紫色的Ⅳ型黏液细胞,主要含有AB阳性的酸性黏多糖.同时含有少量PAS阳性的中性黏多糖.Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型黏液细胞的数量相对较少,以分散状态分布于上皮瘤组织的上皮细胞之间,以其整个细胞破坏的全浆分泌方式进行分泌.Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型黏液细胞的数量较多,成团的形式分布在上皮瘤组织小叶中央,同样以整个细胞崩解死亡而消失的全浆分泌方式进行分泌.当患病鱼受到刺激时,Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型黏液细胞分泌十分旺盛,分泌物排出后覆盖在上皮瘤组织表面,形成白色的黏液层,黏液细胞崩解死亡消失后在上皮瘤组织中留下许多空洞.患病鱼黏液细胞中.Ⅲ型黏液细胞最大,大小为(19.02±3.21)μm×(14.42±2.69)μm;其次是Ⅳ型黏液细胞,大小为(15.97±3.31)μm×(12.96±2.81)μn;Ⅱ型黏液细胞较小,大小为(13.35±3.81)μm×(11.05±3.00)μm;Ⅰ型黏液细胞最小,大小为(11.73±2.45)μm×(7.71±0.97)μm.各类型黏液细胞的长轴之间及短轴之间均存在显著性差异(P＜0.05).     

大口黑鲈鳃黏液细胞的组织化学特征及5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞的分布

目的了解大口黑鲈鳃的组织结构,阐明黏液细胞的分布及性质,掌握5-羟色胺(5-Hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)细胞的分布及类型,为鱼体的呼吸和鳃的调节机制提供基础资料。方法采用苏木精-伊红(HE)、阿利新蓝(AB)、过碘酸雪夫(PAS)、阿利新蓝-过碘酸雪夫(AB-PAS)染色和SP免疫组织化学方法分别研究鳃的组织结构、黏液细胞和5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞。结果 AB和PAS染色后,黏液细胞分别呈酸性和中性,其中黏液细胞大小、形态及着色深浅存在差异。AB-PAS染色后,黏液细胞呈酸性、中性、偏酸性和偏中性,上皮以偏中性和偏酸性为主,软骨组织以酸性为主。免疫组化染色后,鳃弓扁平上皮及结缔组织和鳃丝基部有5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞分布,多呈圆形无胞突。结论黏液细胞分布于鳃弓、鳃耙和鳃丝,细胞内以偏酸性和偏中性粘液物质为主。5-HT免疫反应阳性细胞在鳃弓和鳃丝中为封闭型的内分泌细胞,可能参与血流调节及血细胞的更新。     

基底膜染色方法比较及在胃粘膜异型增生与胃腺癌中的应用

目的探讨胃粘膜上皮基底膜有效、便捷、直观的实验方法,及基底膜、Ki67免疫组织化学、粘液多重染色在胃腺癌组织染色中的可行性。方法用过碘酸希夫(periodie acid Schiff,PAS)反应、六胺银法(methenamine silvermethod,PASM)、网状纤维染色、苦味酸-天狼猩红(Picrosirius red,SR)和IV型胶原免疫组织化学5种染色方法对多种胃粘膜异型增生及胃腺癌病理标本基底膜进行染色,并利用Friedman检验、Wilcoxon检验定量分析、比较基底膜阳性区域面积。此外,在同一张胃腺癌组织切片上进行显示基底膜、蛋白质、粘液的多重染色。结果 5种基底膜染色方法中,IV型胶原免疫反应阳性面积与SR染色阳性面积(胃粘膜中-重度异型增生标本除外)无显著性差异、PAS与PASM染色阳性面积无显著性差异、网状纤维染色阳性面积最大。多重染色实验结果显示胃腺癌Ki-67、阿尔新蓝(Alcian blue,AB)-PAS二重染色和Ki-67、AB、SR三重染色,分别显示对应结构,效果良好。结论观察基底膜,胃粘膜中-重度异型增生标本中IV型胶原免疫组织化学与SR染色要分别选用;胃粘膜轻度异型增生及胃腺癌标本中IV型与SR染色可相互替代;PAS与PASM染色法可相互替代,我们推荐较为便捷的SR和PAS染色;网状纤维染色观察比较直观,可选用。此外,SR、PAS也可分别应用于胃腺癌Ki67免疫组织化学与AB的多重染色中,效果良好。     

过碘酸雪夫氏反应和阿利辛兰的双重染色法

过碘酸雪夫氏反应（PAS）主要应用于检测糖原,中性粘多糖,粘蛋白,糖脂。而阿利辛兰（AB）是一种水溶性的多价碱性染料,在3％的乙酸作为溶剂时（pH2．5）,能与硫酸、羧酸及其盐类的酸性粘多糖（PAS反应为阴性）形成盐键,从而染成蓝色,如软骨中的硫酸软骨素为阳性。     

两种海马鳃组织和消化道的黏液细胞类型及分布

运用阿新兰(AB,pH 2.6)和过碘酸雪夫氏(PAS)反应染色方法,对三斑海马(Hippocampus trimaculatus)和日本海马(H.japonicus)鳃组织与消化道中的黏液细胞类型及分布进行了研究。染色结果显示:两种海马的鳃组织和消化道中均含有黏液细胞,日本海马的鳃组织中含有Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型黏液细胞,三斑海马的鳃组织中含有Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型黏液细胞。两种海马消化道各部位的黏液细胞类型和数量有明显差异:日本海马的食道中Ⅰ型细胞最多,而三斑海马的食道中Ⅳ型细胞最多;日本海马的前肠中只含有Ⅰ型细胞,而三斑海马的前肠中含有Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞,其中Ⅰ型细胞含量最多;日本海马的中肠中含有Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞,其中Ⅲ型细胞含量最多,而三斑海马中肠中只含有Ⅰ型细胞;日本海马与三斑海马的后肠中都分布有Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞,两者不同的是,日本海马的后肠中Ⅲ型细胞含量最多,三斑海马的后肠中Ⅳ型细胞含量最多。     

室间质控中AB-PAS染色的异常着色原因分析

目的 分析室间质控工作中AB-PAS染色异常着色产生的原因。方法 选取有局部肠上皮化生的完整胃壁组织的连续切片,分别进行PAS和AB单一染色,以及以下3种不同顺序的AB、PAS和Mayer苏木精（Mayer）联合染色：ABPAS-Mayer、PAS-AB-Mayer或PAS-Mayer-AB联合染色。结果 单一PAS染色时,胃黏膜上皮内的中性黏液和化生肠上皮杯状细胞内的混合性黏液均显示玫瑰红色;单一AB染色时,仅化生肠上皮杯状细胞内的混合性黏液显示湖蓝色;AB-PASMayer联合染色时,胃小凹上皮呈玫瑰红色,化生肠上皮呈紫蓝色,差异明显且细胞核着色清晰;PAS-AB-Mayer联合染色时,胃小凹上皮和化生肠上皮内杯状细胞均呈蓝紫色,无法区别,但细胞核着色正常;PAS-Mayer-AB联合染色时,胃小凹上皮和化生肠上皮内杯状细胞均呈蓝紫色,无法区别,而且细胞核着色不佳。结论 行AB和PAS联合染色时必须严格按照先行AB染色后行PAS染色,最后行苏木素Mayer染色的染色步骤,不能将染色顺序随意打乱,否则会出现中性、酸性和混合性黏液物质混染,或者细胞核不着色等异常染色结果,进而干扰病理诊...     

三种淡水鱼消化道黏液细胞的组织化学染色

目的：探索淡水鱼消化道黏液细胞的组织化学染色。方法：利用阿利新蓝和过碘酸雪夫试剂染色对鲶鱼（Silurus aso-tus）、鲢鱼（Hypophthalmichthys molirtix）、鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）消化道黏液细胞的类型与分布进行了观察,结果：AB-PAS（Alcian blue and periodic acid schiff’s reation）染色后动物消化管黏液细胞表现为4个类型：Ⅰ型玫瑰红色、Ⅱ型蓝绿色、Ⅲ型紫红色、Ⅳ型蓝紫色。除鲫鱼外动物食管始部黏液细胞多为圆形或椭圆形,食管中部黏液细胞主要是Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型杯状细胞。除鲫鱼动物胃体柱状黏膜上皮细胞与胃腺颈部细胞主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型,黏液颗粒主要集中在细胞的核上区。链鱼、鲶鱼胃腺黏液细胞为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型。链鱼、鲶鱼小肠的杯状细胞主要为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型。鲫鱼小肠杯状细胞主要有Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型。这三种动物大肠杯状细胞主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.     

（鱼句）亚科花（鱼骨）型鱼类骨骼系统的比较

对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。