β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体可变区基因的5′RACE扩增及序列分析

目的:克隆并分析抗β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体轻链与重链可变区基因。方法:从分泌抗β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株A8中提取总RNA,根据恒定区序列设计基因特异性引物,通过5′RACE法扩增抗体的轻链和重链可变区基因,测定并分析可变区基因序列,并克隆入pMD18-T载体。结果:重链可变区基因序列全长450bp,编码150个氨基酸残基;轻链可变区基因序列全长429bp,编码143个氨基酸残基。在GeneBank中对氨基酸序列进行比对分析,二者均符合小鼠IgG可变区基因的特征。根据Kabat法则对A8抗体轻链和重链可变区氨基酸序列基因进行分析并确定了3个抗原互补决定区(CDR)、4个框架区(FR)和信号肽。结论:通过5′RACE法得到了抗β淀粉样肽单克隆抗体轻链与重链可变区基因,为进一步研究抗体三维结构,以及对该抗体进行人源化改造奠定了基础。     

抗人前列腺干细胞抗原单克隆抗体可变区基因的5＇RACE扩增及序列分析

目的：克隆并分析抗人前列腺干细胞抗原单克隆抗体轻链和重链的可变区基因。方法：从分泌抗人前列腺干细胞抗原单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株中提取总RNA,根据小鼠IgG恒定区序列设计特异性引物,通过5’RACE法扩增其轻链和重链的可变区基因,克隆入pMD18-T载体,测序并分析其可变区序列。结果：3株抗人前列腺干细胞抗原单克隆抗体的重链可变区基因序列全长均为423bp,编码141个氨基酸残基;轻链可变区基因序列全长均为393bp,编码131个氨基酸残基;在GenBank中对氨基酸序列进行比对分析,均符合小鼠IgG可变区基因的特征;根据Kabat法则对3株抗体轻链和重链可变区氨基酸序列进行分析,确定了3个抗原互补决定区、4个框架区和前导肽。结论：通过5＇RACE法得到了3株抗人前列腺干细胞抗原单克隆抗体轻链与重链可变区基因,为进一步研究抗体三维结构、人源化改造奠定了基础。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素单克隆抗体轻链和重链可变区基因的巢式PCR扩增及序列分析

目的：采用巢式PCR对甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素单克隆抗体的轻链和重链基因进行扩增,对获得的基因进行序列分析,并找出克隆鼠Igκ轻链和重链可变区基因的通用方法。方法：设计22对扩增鼠Igκ轻链可变区和重链可变区基因的引物,对6株鼠抗人甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素单克隆抗体的轻链和重链可变区基因进行克隆并测序,与NCBI公布的鼠免疫球蛋白序列比对分析。结果：巢式PCR方法可以有效避免单克隆抗体克隆过程的假基因,并且得到的单克隆抗体的氨基酸序列均符合鼠免疫球蛋白可变区特征。结论：建立了克隆鼠免疫球蛋白轻链和重链可变区基因的通用方法,为后期克隆鼠源性单克隆抗体的可变区基因提供了基础,并为研究甲型H1N1流感病毒血凝素与抗体的结合位点提供了实验数据。     

抗人血管内皮生长因子单链抗体基因的构建、表达及活性鉴定

鼠单克隆抗体E11能与人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)特异结合,已用于临床检测恶性肿瘤细胞VEGF的表达,并初步证明其体内抑瘤活性。为便于大规模生产,特进行基因工程改造,构建小分子的单链抗体(scFv)。首先通过逆转录及多聚酶链式反应(PCR),分离并克隆E11的可变区基因。经测序表明,E11轻链可变区(VL)基因全长333bp,编码111个氨基酸,归属小鼠轻链可变区基因第Ⅲ亚组。重链可变区VH基因全长369bp,编码123个氨基酸,归属小鼠重链可变区基因Ⅱ(A)亚组。然后用一编码亲水性多肽接头的DNA片断将E11单抗轻、重链可变区基因连接,构建表达质粒pET-15YV,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行表达。表达产物(包含体)经变性及复性后,用免疫组化法检测该单链抗体结合抗原(颊癌)能力。对颊癌组织检测的结果表明,基因工程抗体scFv与亲代抗体一样,具有较高的组织特异性。本研究获得的抗人VEGF单链抗体具有潜在的临床价值,为肿瘤放射免疫显像及以血管为靶标的抗血管生成治疗奠定了基础。     

单克隆抗体γ3重链可变区cDNA的合成与克隆

用异硫氰酸胍法从分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞中提取总RNA,经oligo(dT)-纤维素柱亲和层析获得poly(A)~ RNA后,用恒定区5′端第122—125号氨基酸密码的互补序列3′A-T-A-G-G-T-G-A-C-C 5′做为引物,进行逆转录酶反应,合成双链cDNA,大小为300bp左右,与重链可变区基因的长度相符。用dC:dG接尾的方法,将ds-cDNA插入pUC19质粒,转化E.coli HB101。分离出重组体之后,经菌落原位杂交,酶切重组质粒DNA及Southern印迹,证明插入片段是重链可变区基因。     

抗HEV嵌合抗体的构建及在CHO细胞中的表达

通过RT-PCR方法从分泌戊型肝炎(戊肝)病毒中和性鼠源单克隆抗体(单抗)8C11的杂交瘤细胞中克隆出抗体基因的重链可变区(VH)、轻链可变区(VK)序列,并分别克隆到含有人gamma 1重链和kappa轻链恒定区序列的pcDNA3.1/Hygro和pcDNA3.1( )质粒中,共转染中华仓鼠卵巢癌细胞(CHO)细胞.RT-PCR结果表明,转染的CHO细胞转录了嵌合重链及轻链基因,间接ELISA及Western blot结果表明:翻译出的两种多肽在细胞内正确组装成嵌合抗体分子,并可分泌至细胞外,表达的嵌合抗体保留了原鼠单抗的抗原结合特异性及对8H3结合抗原的增强作用.8C11嵌合抗体的成功表达可降低鼠源性,为探讨戊肝抗体治疗的可能性奠定了基础.     

免疫球蛋白变区基因的体外扩增及人－鼠嵌合抗体的表达

应用聚合酶链反应法体外扩增抗人小细胞肺癌单克隆抗体的变区基因,经核苷酸序列分析,轻链变区基因为３２４ｂｐ,编码１０８个氨基酸;重链变区基因为３５１ｂｐ,编码１１７个氨基酸。将重链变区基因克隆至ｐＳＶ_２△ＨｇｐｔＨｕγ_３质粒,经一系列克隆、筛选,得一插入方向正确的表达人－鼠嵌合重链抗体的载体－ｐＳＶ_２△Ｈｇｐｔ２Ｆ７ＶＨＨｕγ_３。用电穿孔方法将该质粒导入鼠源骨髓瘤细胞Ｊ５５８Ｌ,用霉酚酸进行初步筛选,最终用兔抗人免疫球蛋白ＩｇＧＦｃ片段的抗体筛选得七株阳性克隆,免疫印迹法结果表明在与人ＩｇＧ相同位置上有一阳性条带。     

免疫球蛋白变区基因的体外扩增及人—鼠嵌合抗体的表达

应用聚合酶链反应法体外扩增抗人小细胞肺癌单克隆抗体的变区基因,经核苷酸序列分析,轻链变基因为３２４ｂｐ,编码１０８个氨基酸,重链变区基因为３１５ｂｐ,编码１１７个氨基酸,将重变区基因克隆至ｐＳＶ２△ＨｇｐｔＨｕγ３质粒,经一系列克隆,筛选,得一插入方面正确的表达人－鼠嵌合重链抗体的载体－ｐＳＶ２△Ｈｇｐｔ２Ｆ７ＶＨＨｕγ３。用电穿孔方法将该粒导入鼠源骨髓瘤细胞Ｊ５８８Ｌ,用霉酚酸进行初步筛选,最终     

抗HFRSV人单抗可变区基因克隆及其序列测定

从杂交瘤细胞株87—2提取细胞总RNA．反转录合成cDNA链,进行PCR反应。其中扩增重链可变区一对引物分别与人免疫球蛋白重链v区基因5＇端和J区基因3＇端互补;扩增人λ轻链可变区引物与人免疫球蛋白λ轻链v区基因5＇端和J区基因3＇端互补。将重、轻链可变区基因的PCR扩增产物分别插入M13噬菌体．经转化筛选分别获得重组克隆。双脱氧法测定其序列,所得核苷酸序列经计算机分析,轻、重链可变区基因长度分别为309bp和405pb,编码103个氨基酸和135个氨基酸,有明显抗体可变区特征,具有骨架区和抗原互补区。     

抗人黑色素瘤单链抗体基因在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

应用RT-PCR技术从分泌抗人黑色素瘤单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞HB8760中克隆了抗体轻、重链可变区基因,用(Gly₄Ser)₃连接肽基因将V_H、V_L连接成ScFv基因,并进行了序列测定。ScFv基因全长927bp,其中VH基因长360bp,编码120个氨基酸,V_L基因长324bp,编码108个氨基酸。在大肠杆菌融合表达载体pGEX-4T-1中表达了GST-ScFv融合蛋白,表达产量占菌体总蛋白的29%。凝血酶消化后的产物具有黑色素瘤细胞结合活性。     

一种具有人VEGF结合活性的人源单一重链可变区的克隆与表达

为避免一种来自五特征转基因小鼠的全人VEGF单克隆IgM抗体分子量大的不足,本研究探讨了该抗体单一重链可变区的功能特性。首先,PCR获得该抗体的重链可变区,将该序列克隆至pET28a表达载体内,在大肠杆菌中进行了诱导表达。通过变性纯化和复性等方法获得了具有生物学活性的16kDa重组抗体片段——rhVVH。体外结合实验表明,rhVVH保留有完整免疫球蛋白的人VEGF结合活性。人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)增殖抑制实验表明:rhVVH可以剂量依赖性的抑制HUVEC的增殖。上述结果揭示了该抗体单一重链可变区保留有完整抗体的部分功能,为进一步开展全人源VEGF单克隆IgM抗体小型化研究奠定了基础。     

人免疫球蛋白重链可变区基因引物设计方法的改良

针对抗体胚系基因数据库的数据不断更新和完善,为获得人全部免疫球蛋白(Ig)重链可变区基因,改进引物设计方法,自主设计针对可变区基因高度保守的框架区1(FR1)和框架区4(FR4)的引物,提取未经免疫的健康人外周血单个核细胞,通过RT-PCR扩增重链可变区基因.其DNA序列与GenBank数据库和IMGT/V-QUEST软件比对,序列分析符合人免疫球蛋白重链基本框架结构,为胚系基因重排产生的序列.多个克隆的测序结果对比分析显示了良好的多样性.获得的重链序列为研制基因工程抗体及构建噬菌体抗体库奠定了物质基础,也为扩增其他物种Ig可变区基因的引物提供新的设计思路.     

Antigen specificity and high affinity binding provided by one single loop of a camel single-domain antibody

Detailed knowledge on antibody-antigen recognition is scarce given the unlimited antibody specificities of which only few have been investigated at an atomic level. We report the crystal structures of an antibody fragment derived from a camel heavy chain antibody against carbonic anhydrase, free and in complex with antigen. Surprisingly, this single-domain antibody interacts with nanomolar affinity with the antigen through its third hypervariable loop (19 amino acids long), providing a flat interacting surface of 620 A(2). For the first time, a single-domain antibody is observed with its first hypervariable loop adopting a type-1 canonical structure. The second hypervariable loop, of unique size due to a somatic mutation, reveals a regular beta-turn. The third hypervariable loop covers the remaining hypervariable loops and the side of the domain that normally interacts with the variable domain of the light chain. Specific amino acid substitutions and reoriented side chains reshape this side of the domain and increase its hydrophilicity. Of interest is the substitution of the conserved Trp-103 by Arg because it opens new perspectives to 'humanize' a camel variable domain of heavy chain of heavy chain antibody (VHH) or to 'camelize' a human or a mouse variable domain of heavy chain of conventional antibody (VH).     

Studies on the influence of different designs of eukaryotic vectors on the expression of recombinant IgA

Production and application of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are second only to vaccines in the world pharmaceutical market. The most common therapeutic antibodies are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the IgG isotype that are produced in eukaryotic CHO cells. In recent years, there has been a considerable interest in developing treatment medications based on IgA antibodies, which can have a wide range of effector functions on human mucous membranes. To study the expression level of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in mammal cells, we designed a set of bipromoter (CMV and EF1α) vectors. The vectors contain gene fragments that encode the heavy chain variable domain (VH) and the light chain variable domain (VL) of the human monoclonal antibody FI6v3 against the hemagglutinin of influenza virus A. They also contain gene fragments that encode the light chain (kappa type) constant domain and the heavy chain constant domain of the human antibody IgA1. The expression vectors differed in the orientation of the promoters and the presence or absence of introns. Two variants of the full-length light and heavy chains were cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector in head-to-head and head-to-tail orientations. The resulting plasmids were transfected into CHO-DG44 and HEK-293T cells. The antibody expression level for the stable transfection of CHO-DG44 and HEK-293T cell cultures was determined by ELISA. The results of the experiments showed that the expression of FI6v3-IgA1 antibodies significantly increased when eukaryotic cells were transfected with the plasmid pBiPr-ABIgA1FI6-Iht in which the heavy chain of IgA1 contains introns and the promoters are arranged head-to-tail.     

Efficient generation of monoclonal antibodies from single rhesus macaque antibody secreting cells

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are used as a preclinical model for vaccine development, and the antibody profiles to experimental vaccines in NHPs can provide critical information for both vaccine design and translation to clinical efficacy. However, an efficient protocol for generating monoclonal antibodies from single antibody secreting cells of NHPs is currently lacking. In this study we established a robust protocol for cloning immunoglobulin (IG) variable domain genes from single rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) antibody secreting cells. A sorting strategy was developed using a panel of molecular markers (CD3, CD19, CD20, surface IgG, intracellular IgG, CD27, Ki67 and CD38) to identify the kinetics of B cell response after vaccination. Specific primers for the rhesus macaque IG genes were designed and validated using cDNA isolated from macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Cloning efficiency was averaged at 90% for variable heavy (VH) and light (VL) domains, and 78.5% of the clones (n = 335) were matched VH and VL pairs. Sequence analysis revealed that diverse IGHV subgroups (for VH) and IGKV and IGLV subgroups (for VL) were represented in the cloned antibodies. The protocol was tested in a study using an experimental dengue vaccine candidate. About 26.6% of the monoclonal antibodies cloned from the vaccinated rhesus macaques react with the dengue vaccine antigens. These results validate the protocol for cloning monoclonal antibodies in response to vaccination from single macaque antibody secreting cells, which have general applicability for determining monoclonal antibody profiles in response to other immunogens or vaccine studies of interest in NHPs.     

Cloning and sequencing of immunoglobulin variable-region genes using degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotides and polymerase chain reaction

A procedure is described for using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and clone the cDNA from mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) variable (V) regions. This method uses a set of universal 5'-oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers that are degenerate and allow for the amplification of Ig V-region sequences from gamma and mu heavy chains and from kappa light chains. Selective first-strand cDNA synthesis is performed using Ig constant region primers and then a PCR is achieved by using the appropriate universal 5'-primer. The universal Ig heavy-chain primer was used to amplify the V-region cDNA from gamma and mu isotypes and the universal light-chain primer was used to amplify three separate kappa light V-region sequences. This procedure was used to obtain Ig V-region gene sequences from hybridomas secreting IgG1/kappa, IgG2b/kappa and IgM/kappa isotypes.