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1.
广西野生稻原生境保护点建设的进展、问题和对策   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3  
广西是我国野生稻资源最丰富的省份之一,虽然广西野生稻资源异位保存工作成绩卓著,但自然居群逐年减少,分布面积急剧下降,导致广西野生稻濒危状况严重。为了遏止广西野生稻濒危加剧的趋势,广西自2002年开始进行野生稻原生境保护点建设工作。本文详细介绍了广西野生稻原生境保护点建设的技术、方法和成效,并根据国际国内原生境保护的发展动态,提出了从合理制定保护点建设规划、建立监测预警体系、加强资源鉴定与利用等几个方面促进广西野生稻原生境保护工作的策略。  相似文献   

2.
云南省野生稻资源保存保护现状   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
1998年和1999年对云南省野生稻原生境进行考察,并结合云南野生稻的历史,阐述了云南野生稻的保护保存现状,云南野生稻原生境正在遭到严重的破坏,野生稻群体锐减,云南野生稻保护保存现状令人担忧。最后提出了保护保存云南野生稻资源的四点建议。  相似文献   

3.
云南省野生稻资源保存保护现状   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
1998年和1999年对云南省野生稻原生境进行考察,并结合云南野生稻的历史,阐述了云南野生稻的保护保存现状,云南野生稻原生境正在遭到严重的破坏,野生稻群体锐减,云南野生稻保护保存现状令人担忧.最后提出了保护保存云南野生稻资源的四点建议.  相似文献   

4.
为了加强海南野生稻资源的保护和研究利用,2002—2013年对海南省18市(县)野生稻资源进行野外调查、资源收集和原、异位保护。初步查明,目前在全省15个市(县)发现154个野生稻自然居群,其中普通野生稻136个、疣粒野生稻11个、药用野生稻7个。收集到野生稻居群87个,其中普通野生稻80个、疣粒野生稻4个、药用野生稻3个,总共2900余份野生稻种茎,经繁殖和编目后妥善保存于海南省农业科学院试验基地的热带野生稻异位保存圃中,并参照农业行业标准-农业野生植物原生境保护点建设技术规范,分别在文昌、琼海、儋州、万宁、陵水和保亭等县(市)建立了6个野生稻原生境保护点,其中普通野生稻4个,疣粒野生稻1个,药用野生稻1个。根据调查结果,对海南野生稻濒危状况及其根源进行了分析,提出了海南野生稻保护相关建议。  相似文献   

5.
云南野生稻生态类型丰富,且具有抗白叶枯病、抗稻瘟病、耐旱、耐寒等栽培稻不具有或已经消失的遗传基因,是水稻品种改良的优良基因库。然而,随着人类社会经济活动对生态环境影响的加剧,这一宝贵的战略性生物资源正面临着快速消失的危险。为了加强云南野生稻资源的保护,近年来,我们对云南野生稻资源开展了原生境保护(物理隔离方式和主流化方式)及非原生境保护(种质库、种质圃、细胞库和DNA库)等保护技术研究,明确了各种保护方法的优缺点和适用性,保护了云南野生稻的多样性和丰富度,为改良栽培稻储备了丰富的基因源。  相似文献   

6.
试论野生稻资源遗传多样性原生境保存   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
我国野生稻资源丰富,分布地域广阔,由于经济建设用地需要,近年来野生稻原生地遭到严重破坏,野生稻原生境保存已是十分紧迫的事情。本文论述了原生境保存的意义,原生境保存地的选择原则及设想,旨在提高全民生态保护意识,加强野生稻资源保护。  相似文献   

7.
广西野生稻种质资源保护利用现状与展望   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
系统阐述了广西野生稻种质资源原生境保护、异位保存以及利用现状,并针对广西野生稻保护和利用中存在的问题,提出了广西野生稻资源研究的建议:(1)加强长期安全保存体系建设,完善原生境保护体系和异位保存体系;(2)全面开展深入的鉴定评价研究,了解现存野生稻种质资源的潜在利用价值;(3)强化种质创新,发掘具有自主知识产权的优异基因;(4)健全共享体系,加强育种利用研究,变资源优势为经济优势;(5)加强野生稻研究的科技合作和学术交流.  相似文献   

8.
试论野生稻资源遗传多样性原生境保存   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
我国野生稻资源丰富,分布地域广阔,由于经济建设用地需要,近年来野生稻原生地遭到严重破坏,野生稻原生境保存已是十分紧迫的事情。本文论述了原生境保存的意义,原生境保存地的选择原则及设想,旨在提高全民生态保护意识,加强野生稻资源保护。  相似文献   

9.
论述了野生稻保护的意义;原生境保护、异生境保存所取得的主要进展;提出存在的问题,以及今后发展的思路。  相似文献   

10.
中国农业野生植物原生境保护实践与未来研究方向   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
农业野生植物原生境保护已成为国内外生物多样性保护热点。截止2011年底,我国利用物理隔离和主流化两种保护方法已建成各类农业野生植物原生境保护点226个,保护物种52个,分布于27个省(自治区、直辖市),其中物理隔离保护点154个,保护物种39个,分布于27个省(自治区、直辖市),主流化保护点72个,保护物种31个,分布于15个省(自治区、直辖市)。本文通过对我国已建成的农业野生植物原生境保护点的调查和分析,比较了物理隔离和主流化两种保护方法的优缺点,总结了两种保护方法建设农业野生植物原生境保护点的经验和存在的主要问题,提出了解决这些问题的思路与对策。在此基础上,结合国际上生物多样性保护的发展趋势,探讨了我国未来农业野生植物原生境保护的发展方向和关键措施。  相似文献   

11.
中国野生稻资源及其抗虫性   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
野生稻在中国有3种:普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.),药用野生稻(O.officinalis Watt.et Watt)和疣粒野生稻(O.meyeriana Baill)。主要分布在热带亚热带的江河流域。多项研究表明,野生稻对多种害虫有较强的抗性,利用野生稻的优良特性采用杂交技术选育出新的抗虫品种,或从野生稻中提取抗虫物质对野生稻的利用和环境保护有重要意义。  相似文献   

12.
中国野生稻遗传资源的保护及其在育种中的利用   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
我国有三种野生稻,即普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)、药用野生稻(O.officinalis)和瘤粒野生稻(O.meyeriana)。这三种野生稻均被列为国家二级保护植物(渐危种)。调查结果表明,野生稻由于其自然群落大量丧失而濒危,濒危程度为普通野生稻>药用野生稻>瘤粒野生稻。造成濒危的主要原因是人为的破坏活动。人类的经济活动导致了野生稻生境丧失、生境质量不断恶化、栖息地越来越少;人类的活动也导致了外来种的入侵。目前,对野生稻的保护措施主要有就地保护(原地保护或原位保护)和迁地保护(易地保护或异位保护)。易地保护包括以种子保存的种质厍、以种茎保存的种质圃和以器官培养物作为材料的超低温保存。野生稻具有许多优良特性,如特强的耐寒性、高的抗病虫性、优质蛋白质含量高、功能叶片耐衰老的特异性、特强的再生性、良好的繁茂性及生长优势等等,这些优良特性已被广泛用于水稻常规育种和杂交育种中,并取得了巨大的社会效益和经济效益。有关野生稻生物技术方面的研究,如花药培养、原生质培养、体细胞杂交和基因工程等方面已取得了较大的进展。野生稻将在水稻育种中发挥越来越重要的作用。  相似文献   

13.
In addition to rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, there are three wild rice species, namely O.rufipogon Griff, O. officinalis Wall and O. granulata Baill, in Yunnan Province, China. Each species has different subtypes and ecological distributions. Yunnan wild rice species are excellent genetic resources for developing new rice cultivars. The nutritional components of the husked seeds of wild rice have not been investigated thus far. Herein, we report on the contents of total protein, starch, amylose, 17 amino acids, and five macro and five trace mineral elements in husked seeds from three wild rice species and six O. sativa cultivars. The mean (± SD) protein content in the husked rice of O. rufipogon, O. officinalis, and O. granulata was (14.5 ± 0.6)%, (16.3 ± 1. 1)%, and (15.3 ± 0.5)%, respectively. O. officinalis Ⅲ originating from Gengma had the highest protein content (19.3%). In contrast, the average protein content of six O. sativa cultivars was only 9.15%. The total content of 17 amino acids of three wild rice species was 30%-50% higher than that of the six cultivars. Tyrosine, lysine, and valine content in the three wild rice species was 34%-209% higher than that of the cultivars. However, the difference in total starch content among different O. sativa varieties or types of wild rice species was very small. The average amylose content of O. rufipogon, O. officinalis,and O. granulata was 12.0%, 9.7%, and 11.3%, respectively, much lower than that of the indica and japonica varieties (14.37%-17.17%) but much higher than that of the glutinous rice cultivars (3.89%). The sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and ferrite content in the three wild rice species was 30%-158% higher than that of the six cultivars. The considerable difference in some nutritional components among wild rice species and O. sativa cultivars represents a wide biodiversity of Yunnan Oryza species. Based on the results of the present study, it is predicted that some good genetic traits, especially high protein and ideal amylose content, of Yunnan wild rice species may be useful in improving the nutritional value of rice. This is the first report regarding the amino acid, mineral element, protein and amylose content of husked seeds of some Yunnan wild rice species that have important genetic characteristics for rice quality and nutritional value.  相似文献   

14.
Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) is an AA genome Oryza species that was most likely domesticated from wild populations of O. rufipogon in Asia. O. rufipogon and O. meridionalis are the only AA genome species found within Australia and occur as widespread populations across northern Australia. The chloroplast genome sequence of O. rufipogon from Asia and Australia and O. meridionalis and O. australiensis (an Australian member of the genus very distant from O. sativa) was obtained by massively parallel sequencing and compared with the chloroplast genome sequence of domesticated O. sativa. Oryza australiensis differed in more than 850 sites single nucleotide polymorphism or indel from each of the other samples. The other wild rice species had only around 100 differences relative to cultivated rice. The chloroplast genomes of Australian O. rufipogon and O. meridionalis were closely related with only 32 differences. The Asian O. rufipogon chloroplast genome (with only 68 differences) was closer to O. sativa than the Australian taxa (both with more than 100 differences). The chloroplast sequences emphasize the genetic distinctness of the Australian populations and their potential as a source of novel rice germplasm. The Australian O. rufipogon may be a perennial form of O. meridionalis.  相似文献   

15.
我国北回归线区域普通野生稻遗传多样性和遗传结构研究   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
选择分布于水稻染色体组的26对SSR引物,对集中分布于广西来宾市北回归线附近的13个普通野生稻居群的342份材料进行遗传多样性和遗传结构研究。结果表明,该地区的野生稻无论在种内(A=9.154,Ae=4.446,I=1.547,He=0.671)还是居群水平上(P=95%,A=4.219,Ae=2.394,I=0.905,He=0.476)遗传多样性都十分丰富,高于同类研究水平。供试居群的遗传分化系数Gst为0.30,表明30%的遗传变异存在于居群间,大部分遗传变异存在于居群内。居群间的遗传一致度变化范围为0.332~0.903,且居群间地理距离越近,遗传一致度越高,说明北回归线附近的普通野生稻居群符合"隔离-距离"模型。综合上述研究结果和我国野生稻保护现状,建议对居群G13和G06实施优先保护。  相似文献   

16.
In the genus Oryza, interspecific hybrids are useful bridges for transferring the desired genes from wild species to cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). In the present study, hybrids between O. sativa (AA genome) and three Chinese wild rices, namely O. rufipogon (AA genome), O. officinalis (CC genome), and O. meyeriana (GG genome), were produced. Agricultural traits of the F1 hybrids surveyed were intermediate between their parents and appreciably resembled wild rice parents. Except for the O. sativa × O. rufipogon hybrid, the other F1 hybrids were completely sterile. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used for hybrid verification. Wild rice genomic DNAs were used as probes and cultivated rice DNA was used as a block. With the exception of O. rufipogon chromosomes, this method distinguished the other two wild rice and cultivated rice chromosomes at the stage of mitotic metaphase with different blocking ratios. The results suggest that a more distant phylogenetic relationship exists between O. meyeriana and O. sativa and that O. rufipogon and O. sativa share a high degree of sequence homology. The average mitotic chromosome length of O. officinalis and O. meyeriana was 1.25- and 1.51-fold that of O. sativa, respectively. 4',6'-Diamidino- 2-phenylindole staining showed that the chromosomes of O. officinalis and O. meyeriana harbored more heterochromatin, suggesting that the C and G genomes were amplified with repetitive sequences compared with the A genome. Although chromocenters formed by chromatin compaction were detected with wild rice-specific signals corresponding to the C and G genomes in discrete domains of the F1 hybrid interphase nuclei, the size and number of O. meyeriana chromocenters were bigger and greater than those of O. officinalis. The present results provide an important understanding of the genomic relationships and a tool for the transfer of useful genes from three native wild rice species in China to cultivars.  相似文献   

17.
The wild rice species Oryza rufipogon with wide intraspecific variation is thought to be the progenitor of the cultivated rice species Oryza sativa with two ecotypes, japonica and indica. To determine the origin of cultivated rice, subfamily members of the rice retroposon p-SINE1, which show insertion polymorphism in the O. sativa -O. rufipogon population, were identified and used to "bar code" each of 101 cultivated and wild rice strains based on the presence or absence of the p-SINE1 members at the respective loci. A phylogenetic tree constructed based on the bar codes given to the rice strains showed that O. sativa strains were classified into two groups corresponding to japonica and indica, whereas O. rufipogon strains were in four groups, in which annual O. rufipogon strains formed a single group, differing from the perennial O. rufipogon strains of the other three groups. Japonica strains were closely related to the O. rufipogon perennial strains of one group, and the indica strains were closely related to the O. rufipogon annual strains, indicating that O. sativa has been derived polyphyletically from O. rufipogon. The subfamily members of p-SINE1 constitute a powerful tool for studying the classification and relationship of rice strains, even when one has limited knowledge of morphology, taxonomy, physiology, and biochemistry of rice strains.  相似文献   

18.
普遍野生稻和亚洲栽培稻遗传多样性的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用 44个 RFLP标记对来自中国、印度、泰国等亚洲 10个国家的普通野生稻(简称普野,下同)和来自多个国家的75个栽培稻品种,从多态位点的比率、等位基因数、基因型数、平均杂合度及平均基因多样性等多个方面,比较了不同国家和不同地区的普通野生稻、栽培稻籼粳亚种及栽培稻与普野之间遗传多样性的差异。结果表明:中国普野的遗传多样性最大;其次是印度普野;南亚普野的平均基因多样性大于东南亚普野,而多态位点的比率、等位基因数及基因型数等却低于东南亚普野;栽培稻的遗传多样性明显小于普通野生稻。在所检测的44个位点中,栽培稻的多态位点数仅为野生稻的3/4,等位基因数约为野生稻的60%,基因型种类约为野生稻的1/2。栽培稻中籼稻的遗传多样性高于粳稻。在平均每个位点的实际杂合度上,以中国普野杂合度最高,普通野生稻是栽培稻的2倍。说明从野生稻演化成栽培稻的过程中,经过自然选择和人工选择,杂合度降低,等位基因减少,基因多样性下降。  相似文献   

19.
云南野生稻叶茎根组织结构特性的比较研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用徒手切片法对云南3种野生稻和栽培稻的叶片、茎秆及根的组织结构进行比较研究,以明确野生稻的内部结构,为进一步揭示其结构与云南野生稻的生长势旺盛、营养吸收能力强、抗某些病虫害能力强的关系奠定基础。结果表明,(1)云南野生稻与栽培稻叶片主脉、茎秆及根的组织结构差异显著,其中景洪疣粒野生稻、景洪药用野生稻与栽培稻的差异最明显。(2)在叶主脉结构中,景洪疣粒野生稻无气腔结构,维管束数量少、面积小;景洪药用野生稻、3个普通野生稻材料存在多个维管束和气腔结构,维管束、束内导管直径及气腔面积较栽培稻大,而栽培稻中的气腔均为2个。(3)在茎秆结构方面,景洪疣粒野生稻茎秆最小,维管束数量最少,其茎壁内的维管束排列方式与栽培稻不同;景洪药用野生稻和普通野生稻茎秆及茎壁较栽培稻粗厚,维管束数量也较栽培稻多,普通野生稻的茎壁中有通气组织。(4)在根的组织结构中,3种野生稻的导管数量较多,导管直径及中柱面积较栽培稻大,外皮层出现了具有凯氏带功能的凯氏点等。  相似文献   

20.
广东普通野生稻调查、收集与保护建议   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了全面了解广东省普通野生稻自然生存现状,更好地为我国野生稻资源的长远保护提供决策依据,2005-2016年我们对广东普通野生稻自然生存状况进行了实地调查。结果查明,目前广东共有25个县(市)尚存普通野生稻,尚有分布点118个,其中103个有历史资料记载,15个为本次调查新发现。根据历史资料统计,广东省原有普通野生稻分布点1083个,但截至目前野生稻已全部消失的分布点有980个,分布点丧失率90.49%,呈现严重濒危的趋势。调查发现,造成野生稻大量消失的原因主要有垦荒造田、水利建设、城镇建设、养殖业发展、除草剂使用、环境污染和外来物种侵袭等。调查的同时,从118个点共收集了1371份种茎样本进行异位保存,为普通野生稻资源持续利用提供了更大的物质保障。此外,对广东普通野生稻的长远保护提出了建议。  相似文献   

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