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1.
鹭科鸟类群落的空间生态和种间关系   总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15       下载免费PDF全文
本文应用空间生态位理论,分析了浙江汰公山常绿落叶针阔混交林鹭类繁殖季节的群落结构。鹭类群落由池鹭Ardeola bcchus、白鹭Egretta garzetta、夜鹭Nycticorax nycticorax、牛背Bubulcus ibis组成。根据鹭类的水平分布、垂直分布、栖位分布的生态位宽度值,采用Schoener(1968)生态位重叠,Cody(1974)“总和α”的方法制作了落落矩陈表和  相似文献   

2.
牛背鹭(Bubulcus ibis)作为入侵物种由非洲向美洲的扩散得到了广泛关注,然而牛背鹭与其竞争物种之间的巢空间生态位分化动态尚不明确。为了解牛背鹭与其他混群繁殖鹭类的巢空间生态位分化动态,2012、2016和2021年春夏季,对中国云南大理古城繁殖鹭类的群落结构和巢空间分布进行了调查。结果表明,2012和2016年中国云南大理古城繁殖鹭类群落的组成物种均为牛背鹭、夜鹭(Nycticorax nycticorax)和白鹭(Egretta garzetta),其中夜鹭为优势鸟种;2021年繁殖群落增加了中白鹭(Ardea intermedia),且牛背鹭变为优势鸟种。从2016年到2021年群落巢密度增加,其中牛背鹭的巢密度明显增加,夜鹭和白鹭巢密度均减少。对比2016和2021年牛背鹭、夜鹭和白鹭3种鹭的巢空间生态位宽度数值的变化,发现牛背鹭利用的巢空间生态位更泛化,而夜鹭和白鹭更特化;巢空间生态位重叠值变化表明,2021年牛背鹭对夜鹭、白鹭的巢址竞争比2016年的更激烈,而且2021年牛背鹭与夜鹭之间的巢址竞争比牛背鹭与白鹭之间的更激烈。研究表明,在2012、2016和2021年,在大理古城鹭类繁殖地中,牛背鹭在与比自身个体大的夜鹭的竞争中胜出,群落优势鸟种由夜鹭变为牛背鹭,繁殖鹭类的群落结构和生态位分化均发生了明显变化。  相似文献   

3.
三种荒漠蜥蜴空间和营养生态位研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
同一荒漠蜥蜴群落中,荒漠沙蜥(Phrynocephalusprzewalskii)和虫纹麻蜥(Eremiasvermiculata),密点麻蜥(Eremiasmultiocellata)占不有同的空间生态位,其间几乎不存在竞争。两个近缘种虽然占有相同空间生态位,但个体大的密点麻蜥食物种类特化,个体小的虫纹麻蜥偏重于利用较小的食物资源。占有相同空间生态位的近缘种,营养生态位向不同方向特化,利用不同的食物资源,从而在竞争中共存,保持群落结构的稳定性。  相似文献   

4.
缙云山大头茶(Gordonia acuminata)生态位研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
杜道林  苏杰  刘玉成   《广西植物》1999,19(4):315-322
基于四川缙云山森林群落演替系列群落取样, 采用Levins 生态位宽度、Feinsing 和Spears相似性比例生态位宽度及Levins 生态位重叠、Petraitis 生态位重叠等计测公式, 对大头茶( Gor donia acuminata) 种群的生态位特征及动态进行了研究。结果表明, 大头茶种群生态位宽度在演替系列群落中由小到大再减小, 它与缙云山森林群落其它优势乔木种群的生态位特定重叠主要表现在同针叶林中的川灰木( Symplocos setchunensis) 、杉木( Cunninghamia lanceolata) 、马尾松(Pinus massoniana) 种群上; 反之, 其它优势乔木种群在大头茶种群上的生态位特定重叠在大头茶纯林中表现较显著; 从总体上, 所选15 个优势种群在各类群落中均不表现出显著的生态位普遍重叠。反映了大头茶种群在缙云山森林群落演替中的先锋拓殖作用, 亦为其常绿阔叶林的重要种群之一, 但它更重要的是一森林群落演替过渡类型的优势种群。  相似文献   

5.
四川南充太和鹭科鸟类群落空间生态位和种间关系   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文应用空间生态位理论,分析了四川南充太和白鹭自然保护区慈竹林内鹭类繁殖季节的群落结构,对影响鹭类混群繁殖时空分布的因素及各种群间的相互关系进行了探讨.结果 表明:南充太和白鹭自然保护区栖息有白鹭Egetta garzetta、夜鹭Nycticoraxny cticorax、牛背鹭Bubulcus ibis和池鹭Araeola bacchus 4种鹭类种群.4种鹭类具有明显的水平和垂直分布现象,白鹭、夜鹭的水平生态位宽度较大,在垂直生态位宽度上白鹭、夜鹭、牛背鹭都较大,池鹭的最小;生态位重叠值以白鹭-夜鹭间的最高,夜鹭-池鹭间的最小;4种鹭间的聚类分析结果普遍较高.  相似文献   

6.
无锡太湖地区夜鹭及鹭繁殖生物学研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
1999年4 ̄6月对分布在无锡地区的夜ycticorax nycticorax)和白鹭(Egretta garzetta)的繁殖生物学进行了调查研究。调查地面积约27237.5m^2,植被以马毛松(Pinus massoniana)和香樟树(Cinnamomum hupehanum)为主。研究结果表明:栖息地共有鹭巢近万个,平均密度为0.36个/m^2,每棵树上平均巢数为1.06个,最多达25个/  相似文献   

7.
哀牢山木果石栎群落优势种的生态位宽度与重叠   总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24  
通过多种方法比较研究了哀牢山木果石栎(Lithocarpus xylocarpus)群落8个优势种的生态位宽度和重叠,结果表明,该群落是以木果石栎、腾冲栲(Castanopsis wattii)、滇木荷(Schima noronhae)和景东石栎(Lithocarpus chintungensis)为优势种的共优群落,它们的生态位宽度值分别为0.8732,0.7856,0.6742和0.5798。  相似文献   

8.
野生玫瑰分布及其生态群落类型   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
野生玫瑰分布及其生态群落类型秦忠时,胡群,何兴元,于兴华(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)DistrbutionofwildRosaRugosaandItsEcologicalcommunityType.¥QinZhongshi;HuQu...  相似文献   

9.
沈阳市东陵区丘陵坡地坡面太阳直射光的分布及其分析郭林海(中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,110015)DistributionofDirectSolarRadiationonHillySlopesofDonglingDistrictofShenyangMunicipalityandItsAnalysis¥GuoLinhai(InstituteofAppliedEcology,AcademiaSinica,Shenyang110015).ChineseJournalofEcology,1993,12(1):59-61.Basedonthelatest1:50000topographicmap,the1:100000slopegradationmapisdrawnoutandareacalculationismade.Thedirectsolarradiationintypicalsitesofthedistrictismeasuredandcalculated,andthevariationcurvesofannualfluxofdirectsolarradiationonvariousslopedirecti  相似文献   

10.
生态场理论及生态场特性   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
邹锐 《生态学杂志》1995,14(1):49-53
生态场理论及生态场特性邹锐(云南大理州环科所生态室,671000)TheoryandCharacteristicsofEcologicalField.¥ZouRui(DaliPrefecturalInstituteofEnviron-mentalSi...  相似文献   

11.
广西山口红树林保护区海陆交错带夏季鸟类多样性调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2011年6~8月采用样带法对山口地区海陆交错带的5种生境的鸟类多样性及群落相似性进行了研究,共记录到夏季鸟类31种,隶属于9目20科。在5种生境的鸟类群落中,红树林生境的鸟类群落Shannon-Wiener指数最高,农田生境的均匀度指数最高,农田生境和红树林生境的鸟类群落相似性指数最高,为0.759,桉树林生境和农田生境的相似性指数最低,为0.240。同时还对海陆交错带不同生境鸟类群落的多样性和相似性方面的问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

12.
哀牢山常绿阔叶林鸟类群落初步分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
王直军 《动物学研究》1986,7(2):161-166
常绿阔叶林是云南境内重要的自然资源,也是我国亚热带地区最主要的原生植被类型。是森林生态系统的主要研究对象之一。鸟类是森林生态系统的重要组分,为便于自然保护区的规划、管理及对鸟类资源的保护和研究,本文报道有关哀牢山常绿阔叶林鸟类群落动态。 自然环境和工作概况  相似文献   

13.
四川白坡山自然保护区冬季鸟类群落调查   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
杨彪  冉江洪  蔡国  曾宗永 《四川动物》2006,25(3):509-515
2003年12月对四川白坡山自然保护区的鸟类群落的种类和数量进行了调查,实际发现鸟类151种,结合历史文献23种,保护区鸟类共有174种,隶属于12目41科。保护区有国家级重点保护鸟类14种,四川省保护鸟类2种,我国特有鸟类5种。保护区鸟类区系以东洋界成分为主。利用多样性指数分析了不同群落的鸟类多样性,结果表明:地处1300~2600 m的中山云南松及其混交林群落鸟类多样性最高,原因是该群落中生境类型丰富多样。  相似文献   

14.
Oil palm (Elaies guineensis) plantations are among the fastest growing agroecosystems in the Neotropics, but little is known about how Neotropical birds use oil palm habitats. To better understand the potential value of oil palm as an overwintering habitat for migratory birds, we surveyed birds in oil palm and native forest remnants in Tabasco, Mexico, from 19 December 2017 to 27 March 2018. We collected data on bird abundance and vegetative structure and used generalized linear models and multivariate analysis to assess how oil palm development influenced migrant bird diversity, community assemblages, and abundance. We found that species richness of migratory birds tended to be higher in forest patches than in oil palm, that community assemblages of migratory birds differed between native forest and oil palm plantations, and that differences in migratory bird abundance, and subsequent changes in community assemblages were driven by differences between native forest and oil palm plantations in vegetative structure. The bird community of native forest was characterized by migrant species sensitive to forest loss that forage low in the understory and in the leaf litter, whereas the bird community of oil palm plantations was represented by generalist species that occupy a wider range of foraging niches. Our results suggest that most species of migrant birds responded positively to several forest structural features and that integrating more native trees and increasing the amount of understory vegetation in oil palm plantations may increase the value of working landscapes for migratory birds.  相似文献   

15.
为探讨植被结构和物种组成对鸟类群落多度分布的影响,于2010年5~8月,在阜康地区所涵盖的显域植被梯度带(梭梭、琵琶柴及蒿属荒漠)内分别布设3~4条样线,调查繁殖鸟类群落多度分布及植被参数.借助平均高度和盖度反映植被结构,平均物种数目反映植物组成.从鸟类群落中抽取显著正相关鸟种组合及狭分布鸟种组合,将不同的鸟类组合与植...  相似文献   

16.
Å. Berg 《Bird Study》2013,60(2):153-165
CapsuleThe amount of forest (at local and landscape scales) and occurrence of residual habitats at the local scale are shown to be the major factors influencing bird community composition in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Aims To investigate the importance of local habitat and landscape structure for breeding birds in farmland–forest landscapes in central Sweden.

Methods Breeding birds were censused at 292 points. A detailed habitat mapping was made within 300 m of the points. Within a 300–600 m radius only two major habitats (forests and arable fields) were identified.

Results Cluster analyses of bird communities identified three site types that also differed in habitat composition: (i) partially forested sites in forested landscapes; (ii) heterogeneous sites with residual habitats in mosaic landscapes; and (iii) field-dominated farmland sites in open landscapes. A total of 19 of 25 farmland bird species (restricted to farmland or using both farmland and forest) had the highest abundance in farmland sites with mosaics of forest and farmland, while only six farmland species had the highest abundance in field-dominated sites. The bird community changed from being dominated by farmland species to being dominated by forest species (common in forest landscapes without farmland) at small proportions (10–20%) of forest at the local scale. A major difference in habitat composition between heterogeneous and field-dominated sites was the occurrence of different residual habitats (e.g. shrubby areas and seminatural grasslands). These habitats seemed to influence bird community composition more than land-use, despite covering <10% of the area. Seminatural grasslands were important for bird community composition and species-richness, but grazing seemed to be less important. Among different land-use types, cereal crops were the least preferred fields. Set-asides with tall vegetation and short rotation coppices were positively associated with species-richness of farmland birds.

Conclusion In general, the composition of the landscape was important for bird community composition, although amount and distribution of forests, occurrence of residual habitats and land-use of fields at the local scale had the strongest influence on bird community composition. The possible implications of these patterns for managing farmland–forest landscapes are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
Ara Monadjem  M.D. Anderson 《Ostrich》2013,84(3-4):100-105
Population density and community structure of birds was studied at three sites in broadleaved (combretaceous) woodland in the lowveld of Swaziland. Birds were surveyed monthly using a standard point count technique. A total of 94 species of birds was recorded. Species richness at the three sites ranged between 57 and 73 species. Population density was similar at the three sites and ranged from 11.8 to 13.9 birds/ha. Biomass of birds was also similar at the three sites. Resident birds only accounted for 49% of all species, but made up 85% of the individuals and 82% of the biomass. There was a relatively large number of vagrant species, but they only accounted for 10% of the individuals and 14% of the biomass. Species richness of intra-African and Palaearctic migrants was low, and they contributed little to the bird density or biomass. In terms of diet, most birds were insectivorous, with mixed diet and granivorous species contributing approximately equally to biomass. Frugivorous species and raptors contributed little. The avifauna of broadleaved woodland in Swaziland is compared with that of other broadleaved woodlands in southern Africa and with that of Acacia savanna in Swaziland. Broadleaved woodland in Swaziland appears to support an avifauna which is depauperate compared to that of Acacia savanna, but not distinct from it.  相似文献   

18.
浙江古田山自然保护区鸟类群落生态研究   总被引:39,自引:1,他引:39       下载免费PDF全文
丁平  诸葛阳  姜仕仁 《生态学报》1989,9(2):121-127
对古田山地区鸟类进行的调查表明:该地区鸟类群落的主要鸟类共计48种,其中优势种有14种,占29.17%。根据鸟类生境的分布系数分析。中性分布型有(25—100%)28种,占58.33%。不同生境内鸟类群落的种类数目和群体密度存在差异,结构复杂的生境,其鸟类群落由三个分布群组成,如农田村落、农田河滩、混交林和阔叶林;结构简单的生境,如竹林、针叶林和迹地灌丛,其鸟类群落由二个分布群所组成。各种鸟类分布群在鸟类群落内的比例随栖息地结构的变化而改变。由于栖息地结构的变化同样也导致鸟类群落其他参数的变化,如Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度、种间相遇机率PIE等。  相似文献   

19.
Hunting in tropical forests decimates large mammals, and this may have direct and indirect effects on other trophic levels and lead to trophic cascades. We compared replicated sites of hunted and protected forests in southeastern Nigeria, with respect to community composition of primates, other mammals, birds, plant seedlings, and mature trees. We make predictions regarding the community composition at the different trophic levels. In forests where large primates are rare, we hypothesize that their ecological role will not be fully compensated for by small frugivores. We apply multivariate methods to assess changes in community composition of mammals, birds, and seedlings, controlling for any differences between sites in the other groups, including mature trees. Medium and large (4–180 kg) primates were much rarer in hunted sites, while porcupine and rock hyrax increased in abundance with hunting. In contrast, the community composition of birds was similar in both types of forests. Seedling communities were significantly related to the community composition of mammals, and thus strongly affected by hunting. In protected forests primate dispersed plant seedling species dominated, whereas in hunted forests the seedling community was shifted towards one dominated by abiotically dispersed species. This was probably both a consequence of reduced seed dispersal by primates, and increased seed predation by rodents and hyrax. Hence we found no evidence for buffering effects on tree regeneration through functional compensation by non‐hunted animals (such as birds). Our results highlight how seedling communities are changed by the complex plant–animal intera ctions, triggered by the loss of seed dispersers. The results predict a rarity of primate‐dispersed trees in future tropical forest canopies; a forest less diverse in timber and non‐timber resources.  相似文献   

20.
《Ostrich》2013,84(3-4):185-192
Comparative surveys of bird species richness and abundance showed that a total of 69 bird species was recorded on 1 km transects (n = 996) through shrubland, with a total estimated density of birds of 32.7 ± 32.8 (S.D.) birds/km2, of which resident birds made up 24.4 ± 21.0 birds/km2, nomads made up 1.9 ± 11.7 birds/km2 and local nomads made up 6.3 ± 20.1 birds/km2. There was no correlation in general between total bird numbers or total bird biomass and rain, but numbers and biomass of nomads showed the strongest correlations with rainfall two months previously. A total of 86 species was recorded on 276 surveys along a 1 km stretch of drainage line woodland. Species richness varied from an average of about nine species to 24 species each month, and only showed a marked change during the 'dry' period of 1990 to early 1991. Density of birds in this woodland was 59.2 ± 20.8 birds/km. Biomass of birds was relatively constant throughout the study period, with marked increases in certain months when large species were present.  相似文献   

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