共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
为了解小长蝽Nysius ericae(Schilling)线粒体基因组结构及长蝽总科的分子系统发育关系。本试验采用Illumina MiSeq测序平台对小长蝽线粒体基因进行测序,对基因组序列进行拼装、注释和特征分析,利用最大似然法和贝叶斯法构建基于12种长蝽总科昆虫线粒体全基因组核苷酸序列的系统发育树。小长蝽线粒体基因组全长为16 330 bp(GenBank登录号:MW465654),基因组包括13个蛋白编码基因(PCGs),22个tRNA基因,2个rRNA基因和1段非编码控制区。11个蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子为典型的ATN;cox1,nad4l的起始密码子为TTG。cob的终止密码子为TAG,其余蛋白编码基因的终止密码子为TAA。只有trnS1缺少DHU臂,其余tRNA基因均能形成典型的三叶草结构。12种长蝽总科昆虫线粒体全基因组序列构建的昆虫系统发育树结果显示,小长蝽与Nysius plebeius具有更近的亲缘关系,且与传统形态学分类基本一致。小长蝽线粒体基因组符合长蝽总科线粒体基因组的一般特征。结果表明小长蝽与N. plebeius的亲缘关系更近。 相似文献
2.
黑麂线粒体基因组序列分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用PCR产物直接测序方法测定了黑麂线粒体基因组全序列 ,初步分析了其基因组特点并定位了各基因的位置 .结果显示 :黑麂的线粒体基因组全序列长度为 1 6 35 7bp ,可编码 2 2种tRNA、2种rRNA、1 3种蛋白质 ,碱基组成及基因位置与小麂、赤麂和其它哺乳类动物的线粒体基因组相似 ;模拟电子酶切图谱与先前的报道基本一致 ;基于细胞色素b的全基因序列 ,分别以最大简约法、N J法、最大似然数法与其它 1 4种鹿类动物的相应序列进行了聚类分析 ,构建出相似的系统进化树 :初步确定了麂亚科动物在鹿科中处于与鹿亚科、北美鹿亚科并列的进化地位 .在此基础上 ,进一步以黑麂、赤麂、小麂的线粒体编码RNA和编码蛋白质的基因序列构建系统进化树 ,分析了三者的亲缘关系 .结果表明 :黑麂和赤麂亲缘关系较近 ,是较新的物种 ,而小麂是较为原始的物种 相似文献
3.
目的 获得中国地鼠线粒体基因组序列,为线粒体疾病模型提供分子数据.方法 参照近缘物种的线粒体基因组序列,设计27对特异引物,采用TD-PCR及测序技术获得了中国地鼠的线粒体全基因组序列,分析了其基因组特点和各基因的定位.还结合GenBank中已发表的其他5种啮齿类动物的线粒体基因组序列,探讨啮齿类动物不同科间的系统进化关系.结果 中国地鼠线粒体基因组全长为16 283 bp,碱基组成为33.53%A、30.50%T、12.98%G、22.80%C,包括13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码基因控制区.中国地鼠和金黄地鼠亲缘关系最近.结论 中国地鼠线粒体基因组各基因长度、位置与典型的啮齿类动物相似,其编码蛋白质区域和rRNA基因与其他啮齿类动物具有很高的同源性,显示线粒体基因组在进化上十分保守.5种动物的分子系统进化树与传统分类地位一致. 相似文献
4.
【目的】测定和分析甜果螨Carpoglyphus lactis线粒体基因组全序列,并在线粒体基因组水平探讨其在真螨总目(Acariformes)中的系统发育地位,为真螨总目分类及果螨科线粒体基因组研究提供科学依据。【方法】挑取实验室饲养的甜果螨成螨,用传统的酚氯仿抽提法和试剂盒提取法提取甜果螨基因组DNA。然后采用节肢动物或螨类线粒体基因的通用引物PCR扩增出甜果螨线粒体基因cox1,cob,rrnS和nad4-nad5的部分序列;再设计种特异性引物进行Long-PCR扩增和步移法测序,测出甜果螨线粒体基因组全序列。应用SeqMan, SEQUIN 9.0和tRNAscan等生物信息学软件,对甜果螨线粒体基因组的基因结构等进行生物信息学分析。最后基于17种真螨总目螨类的蛋白质编码基因,采用最大似然法构建系统发育树。【结果】甜果螨线粒体全基因组总长为14 060 bp(GenBank登录号:MN073839),为典型的闭合双链DNA分子,共由37个基因组成,包括13个蛋白质编码基因(PCGs)、22个tRNA基因和2个rRNA基因;甜果螨线粒体基因组还包括1个大的非编码区(large non-coding region, LNR)。系统发育分析结果显示,甜果螨Carpoglyphus lactis属于无气门亚目粉螨总科(Acaroidae),与椭圆食粉螨Aleuroglyphus ovatus构成一支。粉螨总科(Acaroidae)和薄口螨总科(Histiostomatoidae)聚成一簇,与痒螨股(Psoroptidia)构成姐妹群。【结论】本研究首次获得并分析了甜果螨线粒体基因组全序列。甜果螨与椭圆食粉螨的亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
5.
北京鸭线粒体基因组全序列测定和分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
线粒体DNA作为遗传标记,已在家鸡(Gallus gallus)和家鹅(Anser anser)的研究中取得了重大进展,而对家鸭(Anas platyrhychos domesticus)的研究却很少.本研究参照近源物种线粒体基因组序列设计15对引物,通过PCR扩增、测序、拼接,获得北京鸭(A.platyrhychos)线粒体基因组全序列,初步分析其特点和各基因的定位.结果显示,北京鸭线粒体基因组全长16 604 bp,碱基组成为29.19%A、22.20%T、15.80%G、32.81%C,包含13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码控制区(D-loop),基因组成及排列顺序与其他鸟类相似.基于线粒体D-loop区全序列,用N-J法构建了7种雁形目鸟类系统进化树,结果表明,北京鸭与绿头鸭(A.platyrhychos)系统进化关系较近. 相似文献
6.
【目的】测定和分析骚扰阿蚊Armigeres subalbatus线粒体全基因组序列,并在线粒体基因组水平探讨阿蚊属Armigeres在库蚊亚科(Culicinae)中的系统发育地位。【方法】经PCR扩增和序列测定,首次得到骚扰阿蚊线粒体基因组序列;对其核苷酸组成和结构特点进行分析;基于蛋白质编码基因核苷酸序列,采用最大似然法(ML)和贝叶斯法(BI)构建库蚊亚科8个种的系统发育关系。【结果】骚扰阿蚊线粒体基因组全长14 891 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KY978578),包含37个基因,其中含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因和2个rRNA基因,各基因位置、排列顺序与蚊科已知物种的一致;基因组碱基组成具有明显的偏好性,全基因组AT-skew为正值,GC-skew为负值;13个蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子除COⅠ使用TCG外,其余均为ATN,终止密码子除COⅡ使用不完全的T外,其余均为TAA;22个tRNA基因中除tRNA~(Ser(AGN))缺失DHU臂,其余均可形成典型的三叶草式二级结构。基于库蚊亚科8个种的线粒体基因组系统发育关系为库蚊属Culex+(阿蚊属Armigeres+伊蚊属Aedes)。【结论】分析库蚊亚科的线粒体基因组系统发育关系发现,阿蚊属Armigeres与伊蚊属Aedes亲缘关系较其与库蚊属Culex更近,这与传统的形态分类学结果相吻合。 相似文献
7.
《昆虫学报》2017,(8)
【目的】分析昆虫的线粒体基因组能很好地指示昆虫物种的亲缘关系。本研究旨在探索琥珀蚕Antheraea assama线粒体基因组并在线粒体水平上了解大蚕蛾科(Saturniidae)属及种间的分子系统进化关系。【方法】采用PCR步移法并结合克隆测序的策略,测定了珍稀绢丝昆虫琥珀蚕的线粒体基因组全序列,分析其结构特点和碱基组成;采用邻近距离法(NJ)构建大蚕蛾科及外群共14种昆虫线粒体蛋白质编码基因的系统发育树,并分析琥珀蚕在大蚕蛾科中的系统发育关系。【结果】琥珀蚕线粒体基因组序列全长15 312 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KU301792),包含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个核糖体rRNA基因和一段332 bp的A+T富集区,呈现典型的鳞翅目昆虫线粒体基因组的核苷酸组成及基因排布顺序。分析结果表明,琥珀蚕线粒体基因组中A+T含量高达80.18%,13个蛋白质编码基因中,除了COX1以CGA为起始密码子,其他均为典型的起始密码子ATN。COX1、COX2和ND5均以不完整的T为终止密码子,其余基因都是以典型的TAA或TAG为终止密码子。预测的22个tRNA二级结构中,除tRNASer(AGN)缺乏DHU臂外,其他21个tRNA均能形成典型的三叶草结构。由线粒体蛋白质基因串联序列构建的NJ系统发育树表明,琥珀蚕与柞蚕Antheraea pernyi、天蚕Antheraea yamamai、明目大蚕Antheraea frithi构成鳞翅目大蚕蛾科柞蚕属Antheraea这一分支。在9种大蚕蛾科昆虫中,琥珀蚕与柞蚕属的天蚕亲缘关系最近,与巨大蚕蛾属Attacus的乌桕大蚕Attacus atlas亲缘关系较远。【结论】琥珀蚕线粒体基因组的基因排列方式同其他已测定的鳞翅目昆虫的完全相同。基于线粒体基因组的大蚕蛾科昆虫系统发育关系与传统的形态分类学结果一致,即琥珀蚕隶属于柞蚕属Antheraea。 相似文献
8.
缅甸陆龟线粒体全基因组的测序及分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文参照近缘物种的线粒体基因组序列,设计17对特异引物,采用LD-PCR、PCR及测序技术获得了我国广西产缅甸陆龟的线粒体全基因组序列,分析了其基因组特点和各基因的定位。结果表明:缅甸陆龟线粒体基因组全长为16813bp,碱基组成为35.30%A、26.47%T、12.09%G、26.14%C,包括13个蛋白质编码基因、2个rRNA基因、22个tRNA基因和1个非编码基因控制区(D-Loop区)。缅甸陆龟线粒体基因组各基因长度、位置与典型的脊椎动物相似,其编码蛋白质区域和rRNA基因与其它脊椎动物具有很高的同源性,显示龟类线粒体基因组在进化上十分保守。将缅甸陆龟的线粒体基因组序列提交到GenBank,获得的检索号为DQ656607。本文还结合GenBank中已发表的其它16种龟鳖类动物的线粒体基因组序列,探讨龟鳖类动物不同科间的系统进化关系。 相似文献
9.
《昆虫学报》2017,(4)
【目的】测序和分析黄侧异腹胡蜂Parapolybia crocea线粒体基因组,并在线粒体基因组水平探讨异腹胡蜂属Parapolybia在胡蜂科中的系统发育地位。【方法】用Illumina二代测序技术测定黄侧异腹胡蜂线粒体基因组全序列,分析其结构特点和碱基组成;使用最大似然法(maximum likelihood,ML)构建胡蜂科7个种线粒体基因组的系统发育树,分析其在胡蜂科中的系统发育关系。【结果】黄侧异腹胡蜂线粒体基因组全长16 619 bp(Gen Bank登录号:KY679828),包含13个蛋白质编码基因,22个t RNA基因,2个r RNA基因(rrn S和rrn L)和1个控制区,基因排列顺序与推测的昆虫祖先序列不完全一致;全部蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子均为ATN,终止密码子除CYTB和ND1为TAG外,其余均为TAA;除t RNASer(AGN)的DHU臂缺失外,其他t RNA均能折叠成典型的三叶草结构;控制区中存在一个18 bp的T-stretch结构和2段串联重复序列。胡蜂科7个种基于线粒体基因组的系统发育关系表现为蜾蠃亚科+(胡蜂亚科+马蜂亚科),异腹胡蜂属与马蜂属Polistes同属于马蜂亚科。【结论】黄侧异腹胡蜂线粒体基因组存在基因重排现象。基于线粒体基因组的胡蜂科系统发育关系与传统的形态分类学结果一致:异腹胡蜂属隶属于马蜂亚科,马蜂亚科与胡蜂亚科的亲缘关系较其与蜾蠃亚科更近。 相似文献
10.
《昆虫学报》2017,(11)
【目的】了解小红珠绢蝶Parnassius nomion线粒体基因组的特征,并从线粒体基因组水平探究蝶类高级阶元的系统发育关系。【方法】采用PCR扩增技术及Sequencher 4.8拼接软件获得小红珠绢蝶线粒体基因组全序列。参考鳞翅目昆虫已知线粒体基因组全序列并使用MEGA6.0软件对小红珠绢蝶线粒体基因组中各基因进行定位和注释。采用tRNA Scan-SE 1.21在线预测小红珠绢蝶线粒体基因组tRNA基因的二级结构。基于线粒体基因组13个蛋白质编码基因的核苷酸序列重建了包含凤蝶总科中凤蝶科(Papilionidae)、绢蝶科(Parnassiidae)、粉蝶科(Pieridae)、眼蝶科(Satyridae)、蛱蝶科(Nymphalidae)、灰蝶科(Lycaenidae)、斑蝶科(Danaidae)、珍蝶科(Acraeidae)、喙蝶科(Libyheidae)和蚬蝶科(Riodinidae)10个科28种蝴蝶的系统发育关系。【结果】结果表明,小红珠绢蝶线粒体基因组全序列总长度为15 362 bp(Gen Bank登录号:MF496134),包含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和1个A+T富含区。小红珠绢蝶线粒体基因组中存在较高的A+T含量(79.6%)。小红珠绢蝶线粒体基因组13个蛋白质编码基因中UUA的相对同义密码子使用频率(RSCU)最高(5.08),而AGG和CCG相对同义密码子使用频率(RSCU)均较低(0),这与大紫蛱蝶Sasakia charonda coreana的分析结果一致。在所测得的22个tRNA基因中,除tRNASer(AGN)缺少DHU臂外,其余tRNA基因均能形成典型的三叶草结构,这与鳞翅目中目前已得到的其他昆虫线粒体基因组中tRNA基因的二级结构一致。系统发育分析结果显示,凤蝶总科内蚬蝶科与灰蝶科的亲缘关系最近;粉蝶科与蛱蝶科、珍蝶科、眼蝶科、斑蝶科、喙蝶科、蚬蝶科和灰蝶科的系统发育关系更近;绢蝶科与凤蝶科锯凤蝶亚科亲缘关系最近,随后二者与凤蝶亚科物种聚为一支。在绢蝶科中,小红珠绢蝶与依帕绢蝶Parnassius epaphus的亲缘关系最近。【结论】本研究支持绢蝶科物种归为绢蝶亚科,绢蝶亚科、锯凤蝶亚科和凤蝶亚科归入凤蝶科,且绢蝶亚科与锯凤蝶亚科为姐妹群。 相似文献
11.
Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the Japanese spiny lobster,Panulirus japonicus (Crustacea: Decapoda) 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome for a Japanese spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus (Crustacea: Decapoda). The entire genome was amplified using long polymerase chain reaction, and the products were subsequently used as templates for direct sequencing using a primer-walking strategy. The genome (15,717 base pairs) contained the same 37 genes (two ribosomal RNA, 22 transfer RNA, and 13 protein-coding genes) plus the putative control region as found in other arthropods, with the gene order identical to that of typical arthropods. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses of selected arthropods using concatenated amino acid sequences of the 13 protein-coding genes strongly supported monophyly of Decapoda species and confidently rejected "Macroura", a conventional taxon that shares an elongated abdominal body. 相似文献
12.
We determined the whole mitochondrial genome sequence for spotted green pufferfish, Tetraodon nigroviridis (Teleostei: Tetraodontiformes). The genome (16,488 bp) contained 37 genes (two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 13 protein-coding genes) plus control region as found in other vertebrates, with the gene order identical to that of typical vertebrates. The sequence was used to estimate phylogenetic relationships and divergence times among major lineages of fishes, including representative model organisms in fishes. We employed partitioned Bayesian approaches for these two analyses using two datasets that comprised concatenated amino acid sequences from 12 protein-coding genes (excluding the ND6 gene) and concatenated nucleotide sequences from the 12 protein-coding genes (without 3rd codon positions), 22 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes. The resultant trees from the two datasets were well resolved and largely congruent with those from previous studies, with spotted green pufferfish being placed in a reasonable phylogenetic position. The approximate divergence times between spotted green pufferfish and model organisms in fishes were 85 million years ago (MYA) vs. torafugu, 183 MYA vs. three-spined stickleback, 191 MYA vs. medaka, and 324 MYA vs. zebrafish, all of which were about twice as old as the divergence times estimated by their earliest occurrences in fossil records. 相似文献
13.
The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic analysis of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, was determined by the long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR) with conserved primers and primer walking sequence methods. The complete mitochondrial DNA is 16,805 nucleotides in length and contains two ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and one control region. The total length of the 13 protein-coding genes is longer than the American black bear, brown bear and polar bear by 3 amino acids at the end of ND5 gene. The codon usage also followed the typical vertebrate pattern except for an unusual ATT start codon, which initiates the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene. The molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed on the sequences of 12 concatenated heavy-strand encoded protein-coding genes, and suggested that the giant panda is most closely related to bears. 相似文献
14.
We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Neochauliodes parasparsus. The 15,995-bp mitogenome contained the standard set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a putative control region, with a gene arrangement that was identical to that reported for most other megalopteran species. We also predicted the secondary structure of all the RNA genes and analysed the preferred codon usage of the protein-coding genes. The putative 1265-bp control region contained two tandem repeated regions and several microsatellite-like elements. The phylogenetic analysis of available neuropteridan mitogenomes, based on the 13 protein-coding genes, appeared to support the current view of the neuropteridan phylogeny, and among the Neochauliodes spp., N. parasparsus was the most closely related to N. punctatolosus. 相似文献
15.
参照近缘物种的线粒体基因序列设计并筛选得到8对引物,结合TA克隆和步移测序获得了全长17227bp的短尾蝮蛇线粒体基因组全序列.与多数蛇类线粒体基因组类似,其共编码包括13个蛋白、2个rRNA和22个tRNA在内的37个基因,另外还包含2个非编码的富含AT的控制区.基因间排列紧凑,多数基因间间隔极短甚至发生重叠.除nad1、cox1和nad3外,多数蛋白编码基因均以ATG作为起始密码子,终止密码子的使用则存在TAA、AGA、AGG和不完全的T4种情况.基于合并的19个tRNA基因序列组合数据采用NJ、MP和ME3种算法对21种蛇进行了初步的系统发育分析,结果表明,各主要分类单元之间的亲缘关系与前人基于形态学、线粒体12SrRNA和cytb基因序列研究的结论完全一致,这证实了基于合并的线粒体tRNA基因序列进行蛇类物种DNA分子系统学研究的可行性. 相似文献
16.
Black corals comprise a globally distributed shallow- and deep-water taxon whose phylogenetic position within the Anthozoa has been debated. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of the antipatharian Chrysopathes formosa to further evaluate its phylogenetic relationships. The circular mitochondrial genome (18,398 bp) consists of 13 energy pathway protein-coding genes and two ribosomal RNAs, but only two transfer RNA genes (trnM and trnW), as well as a group I intron within the nad5 gene that contains the only copies of nad1 and nad3. No novel genes were found in the antipatharian mitochondrial genome. Gene order and genome content are most similar to those of the sea anemone Metridium senile (subclass Hexacorallia), with differences being the relative location of three contiguous genes (cox2-nad4-nad6) and absence (from the antipatharian) of a group I intron within the cox1 gene. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple protein-coding genes support classifying the Antipatharia within the subclass Hexacorallia and not the subclass Ceriantipatharia; however, the sister-taxon relationships of black corals within Hexacorallia remain inconclusive. 相似文献
17.
【目的】从线粒体基因组水平上探讨枣食芽象甲Scythropus yasumatsui与近缘种的系统发育关系。【方法】利用Illumina MiSeq测序平台对枣食芽象甲线粒体基因组进行测序,对基因组序列进行拼装、注释和特征分析;利用贝叶斯法和最大似然法构建基于象甲科13个物种的线粒体基因组13个蛋白质编码基因核苷酸序列的系统发育树。【结果】结果表明,枣食芽象甲线粒体基因组全长为16 472 bp (GenBank登录号: MF807224),包含13个蛋白质编码基因、22个tRNA基因、2个rRNA基因和2个非编码控制区,37个基因的排列顺序与祖先昆虫的线粒体基因排列顺序一致。13个蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子为ATN,其中除了cob和nad1基因的完全终止密码子为TAG外,其余11个基因的完全终止密码子为TA(A)。22个tRNA基因中除了trnS1缺少DHU臂,反密码子由GCT变为TCT外,其余均能形成典型的三叶草结构。基于13个蛋白质编码基因序列构建的系统发育树结果显示,象甲科8个亚科系统发育关系为:(((隐喙象亚科(Cryptorhynchinae)+(象虫亚科(Curculioninae)+魔喙象亚科(Molytinae)))+长小蠹亚科(Platypodinae))+(粗喙象亚科(Entiminae)+Cyclominae亚科))+隐颏象亚科(Dryophthorinae)+小蠹亚科(Scolytinae))。【结论】在13种象甲科昆虫物种中,同属于粗喙象亚科的枣食芽象甲与南美果树象甲Naupactus xanthographus在系统发育树中聚为同一分支,表明基于线粒体基因组全序列的分子系统发育结果与传统的形态分类结果是一致的。 相似文献
18.
The complete sequence of the 16,539 nucleotide mitochondrial genome from the single species of the catfish family Cranoglanididae, the helmet catfish Cranoglanis bouderius, was determined using the long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA PCR) method. The nucleotide sequences of C. bouderius mitochondrial DNA have been compared with those of three other catfish species in the same order. The contents of the C. bouderius mitochondrial genome are 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA and 22 transfer RNA genes, and a non-coding control region, the gene order of which is identical to that observed in most other vertebrates. Phylogenetic analyses for 13 otophysan fishes were performed using Bayesian method based on the concatenated mtDNA protein-coding gene sequence and the individual protein-coding gene sequence data set. The competing otophysan topologies were then tested by using the approximately unbiased test, the Kishino-Hasegawa test, and the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test. The results show that the grouping ((((Characiformes, Gymnotiformes), Siluriformes), Cypriniformes), outgroup) is the most likely but there is no significant difference between this one and the other alternative hypotheses. In addition, the phylogenetic placement of the family Cranoglanididae among siluriform families was also discussed. 相似文献
19.
The complete mitochondrial genome is of great importance for better understanding the genome-level characteristics and phylogenetic relationships among related species. In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome DNA sequence of the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) by 454 deep sequencing and Sanger sequencing approaches. The complete genome DNA was 15,824 bp in length and contained a typical set of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes and a putative control region (CR). Of 37 genes, twenty-three were encoded by the heavy strand (H-strand), while the other ones were encoded by light strand (L-strand). The gene order in the mitochondrial genome was largely identical to those obtained in most arthropods, although the relative position of gene tRNAHis differed from other arthropods. Among 13 protein-coding genes, three (ATPase subunit 6 (ATP6), NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 (ND1) and ND3) started with a rare start codon ATT, whereas, one gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) ended with the incomplete stop codon TA. All 22 tRNAs could fold into a typical clover-leaf secondary structure, with the gene sizes ranging from 63 to 73 bp. The phylogenetic analysis based on 12 concatenated protein-coding genes showed that the molecular genetic relationship of 19 species of 11 genera was identical to the traditional taxonomy. 相似文献