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1.
南京江心洲鸟类群落特征   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
2004~2006年,分冬夏两季对南京江心洲4种典型生境(居民区、农田区、林区及湿地区)的鸟类资源进行了调查。共记录鸟类67种,隶属10目25科。对冬夏两季不同生境中鸟类群落的密度、现存生物量、多样性指数、均匀度、优势度的对比研究表明,冬季鸟类密度、物种多样性和均匀度均高于夏季,而优势度、现存生物量则夏季高于冬季。在不同生境中,林区鸟类密度、多样性指数最高;居民区优势度最高;均匀度指数冬季林区最高,夏季居民区最高。  相似文献   

2.
太白山南坡夏秋季鸟类组成   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
太白山是秦岭山脉的主峰, 生物区系成分复杂。为了研究太白山鸟类区系在过去20年间的变化, 我们于2007年5–7月(夏季)和9–10月(秋季), 根据海拔和典型植被在太白山南坡选定5种生境类型(退耕林、阔叶林、混交林、针叶林和高山灌丛草甸), 并在各种生境中选择样区采用样线法对鸟类组成进行调查。两个季节共观察到鸟类122种, 其中留鸟85种, 夏候鸟31种, 冬候鸟1种, 旅鸟5种。不同的生境类型中优势种和常见种不同, 而且在夏秋两季也有变化。中低海拔退耕林带鸟类物种数最多, 夏季有60种, 优势种为绿背山雀(Parus monticolus)、黄腹山雀(P. venustulus)和冠纹柳莺(Phylloscopus reguloides); 秋季有59种, 优势种为大山雀(Parus major)。中海拔阔叶林带夏季有鸟类40种, 优势种为绿背山雀、黄腹山雀和异色树莺(Cettia flavolivaceus); 秋季37种, 优势种是黄腹山雀、黑冠山雀(Parus rubidiventris)和银脸长尾山雀(Aegithalos fuliginosus)。 中高海拔针阔混交林带夏季有46种, 优势种是黄腰柳莺(Phylloscopus proregulus)、极北柳莺(P. borealis)和黑冠山雀; 秋季有37种, 优势种是黑冠山雀、褐冠山雀(Parus dichrous)和长尾山椒鸟(Pericrocotus ethologus)。高海拔针叶林带夏季有36种, 优势种是黄腰柳莺和黑冠山雀; 秋季有27种, 优势种是血雉(Ithaginis cruentus)和黑冠山雀。高山灌丛草甸带物种最少, 夏秋季都只有7种。各生境中鸟类物种组成的季节周转率随着海拔的升高而下降, 物种丰富度也呈现同样的趋势。太白山南北坡鸟类物种组成有较高的相似性。与20年前相比, 尽管在每种生境类型中优势种和常见种的组成仍相似, 但太白山南北坡的鸟类物种组成有较大的变化。  相似文献   

3.
弄岗国家级自然保护区森林是典型的喀斯特森林。2010年2月—2013年2月对其中的鸟类群落进行了研究。利用样线法、样点法和数理统计等方法对弄岗森林鸟类群落结构、多样性等进行了调查和数据分析。结果如下:(1)共记录到鸟类222种,隶属13目42科。其中留鸟148种,夏候鸟31种,冬候鸟39种,旅鸟4种。弄岗喀斯特森林鸟类群落的特点为留鸟所占比例远大于候鸟,雀形目构成鸟类群落的主要组成成分。弄岗喀斯特森林鸟类区系组成在华中、华南、西南这三区广泛分布的种类最多,鸟类的区系组成具有一定的华南、华中、西南三区区系特征,但总体上以华南区区系特征为主。(2)对弄岗喀斯特森林林缘、弃耕地、森林内部3种生境进行多样性研究。3种生境的夏季和冬季鸟类多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势度指数均较高。鸟类群落结构组成在夏冬两季的波动并不明显,总体上较为稳定。  相似文献   

4.
2010年10月至2011年9月,在浙江天童国家森林公园内的天童20 hm2样地中对鸟类食性进行观察,并对鸟类与植物物种间分布关系进行研究。调查观察到鸟类5目12科32种3 130只次,其中优势种类为灰眶雀鹛(Alcippe morrisonia)、红头[长尾]山雀(Aegithalos concinnus)、大山雀(Parus major)、栗背短脚鹎(Hemixos castanonotus)和白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)。采用Sorensen相似性指数和Spearman相关性分析对优势种鸟类与植被分布的关系进行分析,结果显示鸟类分布与植物分布呈对应关系:大山雀和红头[长尾]山雀在同一时期与浙江柿(Diospyros glaucifolia)有相关性,白头鹎同时期与刺毛越橘(Vaccinium trichocladum)和青皮木(Schoepfia jasminodora)相关,栗背短脚鹎在不同时期与同种植物格药柃(Eurya muricata)相关。  相似文献   

5.
为了解次生林中潜在洞巢资源(包括各种啄木鸟的啄洞和人工巢箱)的多寡对次级洞巢鸟集团及繁殖鸟类群落结构的影响, 2007年11月至2008年7月, 我们在吉林省吉林市大岗林场选择洞巢密度不同的样地, 对其次级洞巢鸟及鸟类群落结构进行了比较研究。根据洞巢资源密度我们将9块样地分为3组, 即巢箱区(啄洞密度最低, 悬挂人工巢箱使其潜在洞巢资源总密度大幅提高)、低密度区(啄洞密度较低, 无巢箱)和高密度区(啄洞密度较高, 无巢箱), 调查了3组样地内鸟类的组成和密度、潜在洞巢资源的利用情况等。3组样地中均调查到4种初级洞巢鸟, 其种类组成略有不同; 4种次级洞巢鸟在3组样地广泛分布, 分别为白眉姬鹟(Ficedula zanthopygia)、大山雀(Parus major)、沼泽山雀(P. palustris)和普通鳾(Sitta europaea)。巢箱区和高密度区的次级洞巢鸟总密度显著高于低密度区。巢箱区同高密度区一样, 大山雀和白眉姬鹟的密度显著高于低密度区, 这是由于大山雀和白眉姬鹟是人工巢箱的主要利用鸟种, 而沼泽山雀和普通鳾的密度在三组样地间差异不显著。初级洞巢鸟总密度与啄洞密度、次级洞巢鸟总密度与潜在洞巢资源总密度都呈显著正相关关系。潜在洞巢资源丰富的样地中鸟类群落多样性指数显著高于潜在洞巢资源贫乏样地中的鸟类群落多样性指数, 人为增加洞巢资源可以改变鸟类群落组成并显著提高群落的多样性指数。三组样地中鸟类群落的均匀性、丰富度指数和种间相遇率没有显著差异, 群落相似性指数也相近。高密度区和低密度区鸟类群落集团结构相似。次级洞巢鸟密度的增加短时期内未对群落内其他主要鸟种的密度产生显著影响。研究结果显示, 初级洞巢鸟的密度决定了啄洞的丰富程度, 而洞巢资源的差异会对次级洞巢鸟集团的分布模式产生影响, 进而影响整个繁殖鸟类群落的结构。  相似文献   

6.
2002年12月~2004年12月,对成都市区公共绿地的野生鸟类进行了调查,获见野生鸟类167种,加上文献记载的共有247种;其中白头鹎、红头长尾山雀、白颊噪鹛、麻雀为优势种.与20年前相关调查比较,增加了22种新纪录种.市区植被多样性、食源丰富以及市民保护鸟类的文明行为,对野生鸟类数量的增加起重要作用.  相似文献   

7.
本文研究了小龙门林区夏季鸟类群落物种组成和多样性及其在 1999年~ 2 0 0 3年时间段内的变化。通过野外设置8块样地 ,采用网捕环志、望远镜观察、鸣叫识别三种方法统计 ,得到了以下结论 :山雀科 (Paridae)、长尾山雀科 (Aegithalidae)、翁鸟科 (Muscicapidae)为该地区的优势科 ,银喉长尾山雀 (Aegithaloscaudatus)、大山雀 (Parusmajor)、褐头山雀 (Parusmontanus)、冠纹柳莺 (Phylloscopusreguloides)为该地区的优势种 ;林区鸟类物种及生物多样性丰富 ,且在研究阶段内呈现逐渐增长的趋势 ;另外 ,通过分析也发现林区内空间距离是决定不同森林生境类型间鸟类群落相似程度的主要因素 ,这些结论对于太行山生态恢复工程如何继续实施有重要意义。  相似文献   

8.
陕西老县城自然保护区的鸟类多样性及G-F指数分析   总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
2003年7月和2004年5月,利用样线法对陕西老县城自然保护区进行了鸟类多样性调查,结合历史资料,老县城自然保护区共有鸟类13目36科107属190种,其中国家重点保护鸟类16种,我国特有鸟类12种。按季节型区分,其中留鸟116种,夏候鸟56种,冬候鸟、旅鸟和迷鸟共计18种,从分布型区分,东洋种、古北种和广布种分别为70种、87种和33种。多样性指数分析显示,阔叶林生境中鸟类资源最为丰富,其次为针阔混交林。老县城自然保护区鸟类的优势种为红嘴蓝鹊(Urocissa erythrorhyncha)、星鸦(Nucifraga caryocatactes),此外,山雀类(Parusspp.)、柳莺类(Phylloscopusspp.)以及环颈雉(Phasianuscolchicus)也有较大的种群。同时,将老县城自然保护区的鸟类多样性与其周边的佛坪、长青、太白等自然保护区进行了G-F指数对比分析。发现佛坪自然保护区的鸟类多样性无论是F指数、G指数还是G-F指数均为最高,佛坪在鸟纲(AVES)科属水平上拥有相对较高的鸟类多样性。用基于科属水平的G-F指数与基于物种水平的Shannon-Wiener指数相结合评价某一地区的鸟类多样性,将更为客观。  相似文献   

9.
正2016年1~5月,在湖北神农架国家级自然保护区大龙潭附近多次在姊妹峰金丝猴繁育基地(31°29′14′′N,110°18′28′′E,海拔2 130 m)发现并拍摄到一种此前未记录到的鸟类,经查阅《中国鸟类野外手册》(约翰·马敬能等2000)和《中国鸟类志》(赵正阶2011)等资料,鉴定为褐冠山雀(Parus dichrous)。首次发现时间为1月6日,3只褐冠山雀与10余只黑冠山雀(P.rubidiventris)  相似文献   

10.
自2010年10月至2011年12月对宁夏罗山国家级保护区鸟类区系及群落结构进行了调查研究,共记录到鸟类15目46科98属164种,占宁夏已知鸟类总种数的48.81%。其中留鸟51种(31.10%),夏候鸟68种(41.64%),旅鸟38种(23.17%),冬候鸟7种(4.27%)。繁殖鸟119种,其中以古北界鸟类占优势,有88种,占繁殖鸟总数的73.95%;东洋界种15种,占12.61%;广布种鸟类16种,占13.45%。研究发现不同季节、不同生境中的鸟类群落特征差异较大。林地鸟类物种数和多样性指数最高,水域鸟类具有最高的G-F指数。相似性分析显示,山地荒漠草地和废弃村庄的鸟类群落,林地和浅山灌丛鸟类群落,分别具有一定的相似性。春季鸟类群落物种数、G-F指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数最高。  相似文献   

11.
《农业工程》2014,34(1):1-6
In order to study the influence of habitat change on the community structure of birds, the species and individual numbers in the lakeside developmental land of Thousand-Island Lake have been recorded since January 2009 till December 2010, A fixed sample line was set up in the studied area, and the primary data was obtained about twice a month. In 2009, 1814 individuals were observed belonging to 12 orders, 31 families and 78 species, among which 4 species (Milvus lineatus, Haliastur Indus, Circus cyaneus and Glaucidium cuculoides) are the rank II national key protected species. In 2010, 872 individuals were recorded belonging to 12 orders, 33 families and 77 species, among which 2 species (Milvus lineatus and Glaucidium cuculoides) are the rank II national key protected ones. The total individual number of birds reduced 51.9%. Concerning the species, although the total species number decreased rarely after the habitat change, 23 species fled away and 22 species entered indicating the population similarity index value of 0.55. Among the top 10 species with large number of individuals, 5 species (Spizixos semitorques, Pycnonotus xanthorrhous, Paradoxornis webbianus, Passer montanus and Carduelis sinica) were overlapped indicating the similarity index value of 0.5. Comparison of the data of the corresponding months between two years, the highest similarity (index value > 0.6) was from January to February; and the lowest (index value < 0.3) from March to May. From June to December, the similarity index value was rebounded to 0.35–0.52 might due to the food tempt. Among the 55 overlapped species, 17 species (Tachybaptus ruficollis, Egretta garzetta, Phasianus colchicus, Streptopelia orientalis, Hirundo rustica, Hirundo daurica, Motacilla alba, Spizixos semitorques, Pycnonotus xanthorrhous, Pycnonotus sinensis, Urocissa erythrorhyncha, Paradoxornis webbianus, Prinia inornata, Passer rutilans, Passer montanus, Lonchura punctulata and Carduelis sinica) showed significant differences in individual number between the unchanged habitat and the changed habitat, including 2 species of water birds and 15 species of forest birds, which indicate these two types of birds were more affected than the others. In other words, the birds living close to the human crowds suffered bigger effect than the birds living away from the crowds. This is considered that the vocals, vehicle and machinery noises, and artificial constructions contributing to habitat change might be one of the main factors. All these analysis suggest the great influence of habitat change caused by human on the bird community structure. The higher diversity, richness and evenness index values in 2010 than in 2009 suggests that environmental modification led to a certain degree of habitat amelioration. Therefore, human being can improve environment by making the plant community structure complexity to increase the habitat heterogeneity, and consequently enhancing the diversity of bird community, as long as the habitat is not fragmented.  相似文献   

12.
刘超  丁志锋  丁平 《生态学报》2015,35(20):6759-6768
为探究千岛湖陆桥岛屿不同鸟类集团对栖息地片段化敏感性的差异和季节变化,于2009年4月—2012年1月鸟类繁殖季(4、5、6月)和冬季(11、12、1月)对千岛湖41个陆桥岛屿鸟类集团进行了研究。结果表明,冬季杂食鸟对片段化敏感性高于食虫鸟,繁殖季时二者无显著差异,繁殖季和冬季时下层鸟对片段化敏感性均高于林冠鸟,冬季留鸟对片段化敏感性高于候鸟,繁殖季则无显著差异。杂食鸟和留鸟对片段化敏感性存在季节差异,而食虫鸟、林冠鸟、下层鸟和候鸟对片段化敏感性均无季节差异。不同鸟类集团对栖息地片段化敏感性的差异和季节变化规律,有助于人们在栖息地管理和保护区设计时采取更有针对性的鸟类保护措施。  相似文献   

13.
The present study deals with the species abundance, diversity and species richness of avian communities in the Bangalore University Campus (BUC), Bengaluru, India. One hundred and six species of birds belonging to 42 families under 68 genera were recorded. Shannon–Wiener’s and Fisher’s alpha diversities, species evenness, species richness of bird communities, number of bird species and percentage of population density of birds between various seasons in the BUC differed significantly between the study years. Of these bird species, the relative abundance (6.96 %) and species distribution ratio (0.070) of Psittacula krameri were highest, whereas relative abundance (0.04 %) and species distribution ratio (0.002) of Coracias benghalensis were lowest. The existing 32 species of flowering plants/trees belonging to 29 genera under 14 families in the campus are used for perching by birds. Moreover 29 species of flowering plants/trees belonging to 24 genera under 16 families depend on birds for pollination and/or seed dispersal. Occurrence of greater bird diversity and abundance of avian communities were recorded highest in the winter season in the BUC premises. In the different seasons, the BUC had varying community structure of birds between the study years. BUC suffers from numerous threats namely grass cutting, fire and grazing of domestic animals. Conservation methods needed for habitat management are restoration of vegetation and wetlands, and increase plant and tree diversity to protect the ecosystem of BUC habitat and to preserve its diversity of avifauna.  相似文献   

14.
Colombian tropical dry forest is considered the most endangered tropical biome due to anthropic activities. Desierto de la Tatacoa (DsT) is an example of high disturbed tropical dry forest which still maintains a high biodiversity. The objective of the study was to record the diversity and phenology of wild bees in this place by monthly sampling between December 2014 and December 2016 in a 9-km2 area. During the study, there was a prolonged El Niño–Southern Oscillation period. Bees were collected by entomological nets, malaise traps, eugenol scent trapping, and nest traps. Shannon index was calculated to estimate diversity and Simpson index to determine dominance of a species. The effect of environmental conditions (wet and dry season) in richness and abundance was analyzed by paired T tests. A total of 3004 bee specimens were collected, belonging to 80 species from Apidae, Megachilidae, Halictidae, and Colletidae. Apidae was the most diverse. Shannon index value was 2.973 (discarding Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758 data); thus, DsT can be considered as a zone of high wild bee diversity. Dry and rainy season showed differences in diversity (p?<?0.05). Rainy season showed larger blooming periods and higher bee diversity than dry season. In both seasons, social species were dominant (e.g., A. mellifera or Trigona fulviventris Guérin 1844). Although DsT is a highly disturbed ecosystem, this study found it has the second highest number of genera and the fourth highest number of species reported in Colombia.  相似文献   

15.
Capsule Habitats in lowland South Iceland sustain bird populations of international importance, with highest densities in wet habitats.

Aims In areas important for biodiversity there is an urgent need to assess large-scale variation in the biodiversity value of habitats to inform management. We carried out a large-scale survey to assess the conservation value of sub-arctic, Icelandic bird habitats.

Methods Bird counts were carried out on 200 transects in the five most common vegetated habitat types in South Iceland. Based on these counts, breeding bird density and diversity were compared between habitats and total population sizes of common species in these habitats were calculated.

Results Overall, eight species (seven waders and Meadow Pipit) composed over 95% of all birds counted. The combined density of those species exceeded 275 birds/km2 in all habitats. The two wettest habitat types had the highest density of birds.

Conclusion Wet habitats in lowland South Iceland held particularly high densities of breeding birds, notably waders, which constitute populations of international importance. Wet habitat types are generally of higher value for more species, than dryer ones.  相似文献   

16.
洪咏怡  卢训令  赵海鹏 《生态学报》2021,41(5):2045-2055
鸟类是地球生物多样性中的重要组成部分,在生态系统功能和服务中发挥着重要作用,是生态环境变化的重要指示物种。农业景观中的食虫鸟类提供了重要的虫害控制服务。当前,农业景观中鸟类多样性丧失加剧,为探讨鸟类多样性在各生境以及年际间的变化,以黄淮平原为研究区,在河流、湖泊、农田、村庄等生境中共设置20个样点。于2016-2019年连续4年在繁殖期采用样线法对鸟类进行多样性调查。调查结果显示:(1)共发现22922只个体,分属14目,38科,53属。从区系分布来看,各生境各年间均以广布种为主;从生态类群来看,鸣禽占绝对优势;从居留型来看,留鸟所占比例最高。(2)在食性组成上,从物种丰富度看,食虫鸟类有57种,约占总物种数的77%;从个体数来看,杂食性鸟类占比超52%。(3)物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度指数最高值均出现在湖泊或河流生境中。(4)鸟类群落相似性分析显示,各生境间鸟类群落均为中等相似程度;鸟类物种丰富度波动幅度在农田和村庄中呈逐年上升趋势。(5)物种多样性加性拆分分析显示,在生境尺度上,局地的α多样性是生物多样性的最重要组成,而从整个研究区来看,生境间的差异则更为重要。造成鸟类多样性时空差异的原因复杂多样,而生境异质性的增加和水域的存在对提高鸟类多样性是具有积极作用的。调查中超过77%的物种和40%的个体均为食虫鸟类,应当充分重视鸟类为区域农业景观提供的虫害控制服务。本研究可为区域鸟类多样性保护及鸟类提供的生态系统服务的提升管理提供理论基础和科学依据。  相似文献   

17.
李映灿  陈治文  黄广传  彭超  张洪茂 《生态学报》2021,41(18):7189-7203
对海岛动物资源的本底调查和研究,可为更好地保护海洋和海岛生态系统提供重要的依据。2018年4月-2019年12月,利用样线法、铗夜法等对西沙群岛东岛、永兴岛等岛屿的鸟类、小型兽类资源进行了4次调查,结合历史记录数据对其物种组成和多样性变化进行了分析。调查共记录到小型兽类3种,臭鼩(Suncus murinus)见于林灌丛,褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus)和黄胸鼠(R.flavipectus)见于房舍区;共记录到鸟类13目26科65种,其中国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物4种,新记录到鸟类29种;广布型鸟类34种,古北界鸟类20种,东洋界鸟类11种;冬候鸟28种,留鸟23种,旅鸟6种,夏候鸟5种,迷鸟3种;东岛鸟类物种数高于永兴岛,但多样性和均匀度均较低;雨季物种丰富度、多样性和均匀度均高于旱季;东岛为国家Ⅱ级重点保护动物红脚鲣鸟(Sula sula)中国唯一的繁殖地,应加强保护。与1974年和2005年报道的数据对比,本次调查记录的鸟类物种丰富度最高,留鸟物种数最多。结果反映西沙群岛小型兽类种类较少,主要分布在房舍区及其附近的林灌从;暗示小型兽类带入、扩散等可能与人为活动相关,其生态效应予以重视和长期监测。西沙群岛鸟类物种有丰富度较高、候鸟占比高、季节和年份间差异明显、留鸟物种数有所增加、为红脚鲣鸟唯一的繁殖地等特点。西沙群岛生态系统的完整性,对候鸟和留鸟的保护,尤其是红脚鲣鸟的保护十分重要,应予以重视。  相似文献   

18.
Shelterbelts have become a refuge and source of food for wildlife because of habitat loss in farmlands. However, effects of shelterbelt attributes such as plant diversity and habitat structure on different trophic levels within shelterbelts are unclear. Effects of shelterbelt woody plant diversity and habitat structure (lower vegetation strata, logs, litter and rocks) were measured on the growth and herbivory of Eucalyptus blakelyi saplings that were caged from birds, caged from birds and arthropods and un-caged. Arthropod diversity of E. blakelyi saplings and shelterbelts was evaluated. Height and stem diameter of saplings in all treatments was positively correlated with plant diversity. Habitat structure was negatively correlated with numbers of leaves on E. blakelyi saplings and positively correlated with herbivory, which was greater in saplings caged from birds. The overall abundance of arthropods inhabiting shelterbelts correlated positively with plant diversity, but negatively with habitat structure. Araneae and Formicidae were the most common taxa on E. blakelyi saplings and were more numerous on saplings caged from birds, suggesting an important role of these vertebrates as predators of shelterbelt arthropods.  相似文献   

19.
Capsule Peatlands are very important habitats for birds despite low species diversity.

Aims To describe the variation in breeding bird populations that occur on different types of Irish peatlands and their associated habitat characteristics.

Methods Bird abundance and diversity were compared between four peatland habitat types (fens, raised bogs, Atlantic blanket bogs and montane blanket bogs) at 12 study sites using transects. Various measures of habitat quality were also taken at each location.

Results Only 21 species were recorded during the study, with Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis and Sky Lark Alauda arvensis accounting for over 80% of all birds recorded. Fens had greater bird species diversity and densities than the other three peatland types. Raised bogs, Atlantic blanket bogs and montane blanket bogs were very similar in terms of their avian diversity. Each of the recorded bird species was associated with different aspects of the peatland habitat.

Conclusion This study shows that despite the relatively low avian species diversity of Irish peatlands, they are of enormous conservation value due to the presence of species of high conservation concern such as Willow Ptarmigan (Red Grouse) Lagopus lagopus and Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata.  相似文献   

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