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1.
我国稻螟研究新进展(一)   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9  
刘光杰  秦厚国 《昆虫知识》1997,34(3):171-174
水稻螟虫(主要指二化螟Chilosuppressalis(Walker)和三化螟Tryporyzaincertulas(Walker)是我国特别是南方稻区的主要害虫。近几年来,长江流域稻区(江西、江苏、浙江、湖南、湖北和四川等省)因耕作制度的变更、水稻品种的更换等诸多因素,二化螟的为害仍然严重,王化螟的严重为害又呈上升趋势。为了有效、及时地控制稻螟的发生与发展,许多植保工作者在二化螟与三化螟的种群消长规律、回升原因、田间分布型和取样技术、水稻受害补偿能力、为害损失、经济阈值和防治指标、防治策略与技术等方面,广泛深入研究,又取得了许多新的进展…  相似文献   

2.
试论我县栽培技术对稻螟种群消长的作用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
严宏富  李青林 《昆虫知识》1991,28(3):132-133
<正> 桐城县地处安徽省中南部,长江北岸,大别山东南余脉。全县耕地面积54.4万亩,其中约有稻田45万亩。为害水稻的螟虫以三化螟Tryporyza incertulus(Walker)和二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)为主。常年三化螟发生3代,有少数4代,二化螟发生2代,有少数3代。 耕作制度的变化是影响稻螟种群盛衰演变的主要因素。 我县原为单季中稻区,以二化螟为主。  相似文献   

3.
大螟生物学的初步观察   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
<正> 大螟Sesamia inferens Walker在我区历来为害较轻,1970—1976年灯下蛾量[包括三化螟Tryporyza incertulas(Walker)、二化螟Chilosuppressalis(Walker)],均在2%以下,1977—1978年随着杂交稻的推广,增加了混栽面积,大螟的灯下蛾量也分别增为6.5%和4.3%,为害逐年加重。为了解其生物学特性和探索防治措施,现将我们饲养观察的结果初报如下。  相似文献   

4.
<正> 我国为害水稻的螟虫,以三化螟Tryporyzaincertulas(Walker)和二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)为主。我国水稻改制的经验证明,水稻栽培制度的改革,是稻螟种群演替的首要因素。在改制前,多数地区栽培制度比较简单,或单季中稻、单季晚稻,或双季间作,不利于三化  相似文献   

5.
我国目前稻螟优势种群区域化成因的调查研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
周圻  林德芝 《昆虫知识》1990,27(6):321-324
我国自从50年代水稻改制后,长江流域和华南地区三化螟种群上升,二化螟种群全面下降。70年代末期全国大面积推广杂交稻以后,长江流域广大稻区三化螟种群下降,二化螟种群回升,而华南地区则以三化螟为主,二化螟很少。由于长江流域和华南地区自然因素的差异及其局部地区社会因素的差异,使耕作制度产生区域性差异,进而使苗情与虫情及其相互对应状况,也产生区域性差异,从而形成了稻螟优势种群区域化的局面。  相似文献   

6.
二化螟大发生原因及控制对策   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
二化螟是水稻的三大主要害虫之一。近50年来,其种群在我省几起几落,近年来大发生频率明显增加,为害损失有逐年加重之势。2002-2003年大暴发,仅南昌县成灾面积就达6.67×103余hm2,许多田地晚稻颗粒无收,是新中国成立以来受害损失最重的年份。本文探讨的是近年来二化螟在我省大发生的原因及控制对策。1我省二化螟群落演变情况1956年水稻改制前,稻螟以二化螟为主,1956年以后,单季改双季、间作改连作、中稻改早稻,高秆改矮秆后,三化螟迅速上升为主要害虫,二化螟种群随之凋落。1978年以后,由于大面积推广杂交晚稻,早稻以早中熟品种为主,6月20日以…  相似文献   

7.
蛀食稻茎的螟虫,目前已发现有五种。计大螟(Sesam?a inferens Walk.)、二化螟(Chilosupressalis(Walk.)、台湾稻螟(Chilotraea auri-cilia Dudg.)、三化螟(Schoenobius incertellusWalk.)、稻褐边螟(Schoenobius sp.)。台湾稻螟目前记载分布于台湾、广东、广西、福建。稻褐边螟分布于湖南、江西。二化螟和三化螟分布比较普遍,为害也较严重。除以上五种蛀食稻  相似文献   

8.
大螟幼虫田间分布的调查及分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
<正> 大螟Sesamia inferens Walker在我县一年发生四代,过去发生较轻。近几年来,随着耕作制度的变化,特别是杂交水稻品种的大力推广,大螟的发生和为害明显加重,个别地区为害较重。据1978年10月和1980年9月分别在坪里、湖上公社调查,个别田块大螟为害率达8.6%和5.6%,大大超过三化螟和二化螟为害的总和,这在我县历史上是没有的,必须引起我们高度注意。  相似文献   

9.
长期以来,水稻钻蛀性螟虫都是我国水稻上的重要害虫。近年来,随着水稻栽培制度的变更及全球性气候的变化,种群数量逐渐回升,为害日趋严重。因此,科学的调查方法和准确的预测预报,对该类害虫的综合治理具有重要意义。本文根据大螟Sesamia inferens(Walker)、二化螟Chilo suppressalis(Walker)和三化螟Scirpophaga incertulas(Walker)的生物学特性,总结了这3种水稻钻蛀性螟虫的田间调查方法;阐述了它们的发生期预测方法;探讨了在调查取样过程中的注意事项,以期为我国水稻钻蛀性螟虫的综合防治提供可靠的数据支撑。  相似文献   

10.
胡伯海  沈佐锐 《昆虫学报》1998,41(-1):156-162
考查我国农作物重大害虫历史发生状况,研究粘虫Mythimna separata Walker、稻飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Sstal稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee、二化螟Chilo sup pressalis Walker、三化螟Tryporyza incertulas Walker、麦蚜Schizaphis graminum Rondani、玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis Guenee、棉铃虫Helicoverpar armigera (Hubner)等害虫的长期发生规律,初步发现粘虫、二化螟、稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、玉米螟等长期变化有约16年周 期现象,稻飞虱、三化螟有12年左右周期性规律,二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、麦蚜、棉铃虫等发生周期约11年。根据害虫规律性作出“九五”期间发展趋势预测。  相似文献   

11.
Two transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines, KMD1 and KMD2 at the R4 generation, transformed with a synthetic cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, were first evaluated for stem borer resistance in the field during the rice growing season of 1998 in two areas of Zhejiang Province, China. Both KMD1 and KMD2 were highly resistant to the stem borers Chilo suppressalis (Walker) and Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker), and were completely undamaged during the whole rice growing season. In contrast, damage to the plants of the untransformed parental control (Xiushui 11) was in the form of deadhearts or whiteheads. Under natural infestation by the C. suppressalis, the damage to control plants reached a peak of 88.7% of plants and 20.1% of tillers encountered with deadhearts. Under artificial and natural infestation of neonate striped stem borers at the vegetative stage and booting stage, 100% of plants and 25.6% of tillers, 78.9% of plants and 15.6% of productive tillers among artificially infested control plants were observed with the symptom of deadhearts and whiteheads, respectively. Damage to the control plants from artificial infestation by the S. incertulas reached a peak of 97.0% of plants and 22.9% of tillers damaged. The field research indicated that both KMD1 and KMD2 show great potential for protecting rice from attack by these two stem borers.  相似文献   

12.
Ten transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Bt rice, Oryza sativa L., lines with different Bt genes (two Cry1Ac lines, three Cry2A lines, and five Cry9C lines) derived from the same variety Minghui 63 were evaluated in both the laboratory and the field. Bioassays were conducted by using the first instars of two main rice lepidopteran insect species: yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) and Asiatic rice borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker). All transgenic lines exhibited high toxicity to these two rice borers. Field evaluation results also showed that all transgenic lines were highly insect resistant with both natural infestation and manual infestation of the neonate larvae of S. incertulas compared with the nontransformed Minghui63. Bt protein concentrations in leaves of 10 transgenic rice lines were estimated by the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cry9C gene had the highest expression level, next was cry2A gene, and the cry1Ac gene expressed at the lowest level. The feeding behavior of 7-d-old Asiatic rice borer to three classes of Bt transgenic rice lines also was detected by using rice culm cuttings. The results showed that 7-d-old larvae of Asiatic rice borer have the capacity to distinguish Bt and non-Bt culm cuttings and preferentially fed on non-Bt cuttings. When only Bt culm cuttings with three classes of different Bt proteins (CrylAc, Cry2A, and Cry9C) were fed, significant distribution difference of 7-d-old Asiatic rice borer in culm cuttings of different Bt proteins also was found. In the current study, we evaluate different Bt genes in the same rice variety in both the laboratory and the field, and also tested feeding behavior of rice insect to these Bt rice. These data are valuable for the further development of two-toxin Bt rice and establishment of appropriate insect resistance management in the future.  相似文献   

13.
二化螟与水稻被害株的空间、数量、时间结构及其动态   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
孙建中  杜正文 《昆虫学报》1992,35(2):187-194
本文基于二化螟(Chilo suppressalis Walker)与水稻被害株的相互联系,着重研究了二化螟被害株空间、数量、时间结构及其动态,揭示了幼虫为害后水稻的枯鞘、枯心及白穗的空间聚集强度、聚块面积及其动态变化的内在规律.文中给出了二化螟幼虫及其被害株的数量动态与空间动态的综合模型.本研究明确了二化螟的扩散为害行为对稻株群体的影响,为探索水稻对二化螟为害损失及其补偿的规律,确立合理的防治指标以及害虫管理措施提供依据.  相似文献   

14.
水稻三种主要害虫复合为害损失的研究   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5  
张文庆  古德祥 《昆虫知识》1994,31(6):321-323
三化螟、稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱类是南方水稻的主要害虫,常在水稻生长中后期同时造成为害。网室接虫试验表明:水稻产量损失率与三种害虫的密度呈线性关系,回归方程式为:y=0.0870+032431x1+0.5075x2+0.1583x3。文中对多种病虫复合为害损失预测模型的一般形式及复合防治指标的应用进行了讨论。  相似文献   

15.
By comparing the mean panicle weight (a) per uninfested stem to the mean panicle weight (b) per infested stem, yield loss can be calculated from the equation loss=(a?b) n.p. where n represents the number of panicles per sq.m. or ha and p the percentage of infestation. Losses caused byRupela turn out to be small or moderate. Larval development takes place within one internode and the nodal septum is not destroyed. Chemical control measures are not considered to be economically feasible. Damage inflicted byDiatraea may be considerable. Injury is not limited to one internode and several nodes are often pierced. Since the more serious infestations by this borer mainly seem to occur randomly in the form of local erruptions, forecasting the outbreak of this insect in a rice region probably does not give a sufficient clue for a pin-pointed chemical control. A preventive control over the whole area is too expensive. Thus in Surinam insecticides are not used against stem borers. Separated sowing and harvesting periods with the shortest duration possible, and stubble burning and clean cultivation of fallow fields have proved valuable in restricting borer infestation. A further depressive action can be produced by the side-effect of insecticides commonly applied against non-borer pests such as waterweevils, leafminers, leaf-eating caterpillars, delphacids and seed bugs.  相似文献   

16.
Logistic模型预测东北越冬代水稻二化螟发生期   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
2001~2003年在吉林省柳河县绿色大米生产稻区,采用Logistic模型拟合越冬代二化螟Chilosuppressalis(Walker),有效积温和诱捕器诱蛾百分率的关系。结果表明logistic模型有较好的拟合性。由模型拟合结果预测当地越冬代二化螟发蛾始盛期、高峰期和盛末期所需有效积温分别为275.9,358.4和440.8日.度,可以适时指导大田防治。  相似文献   

17.
J. Ruinard 《BioControl》1971,16(2):175-183
On the two main types of sugarcane borers, viz. top and stalk borers, the latter are generally more harmful than the former. In the young crop stalk borers cause dead hearts, but at later stages their attack is normally restricted to the joints, except in (almost) mature cane when again many tops may be destroyed. In this paper emphasis is on assessing the extent of infestation and the relationship between stalk borer injury and loss of sugar. Various criteria and methods are compared. It is concluded that the ultimate loss in yield due to stalk borer infestation may be as large as 1% for each 1% joints bored, all forms of injury included.  相似文献   

18.
Field data collected during the rainy season of two years, 2010 and 2011, were used to determine the per cent plant infestation and stem borer abundance on cultivated cereal crops grown by farmers' in Jere or the Sudan-Sahelian savanna ecological region of Nigeria. Stem borers were recovered using destructive sampling. Mean total per cent plant infestation and stem borer abundance per farmers' field were significantly higher on millet (40% and 25 individuals, respectively) and sorghum (30% and 21 individuals, respectively) than on maize (19% and 13 individuals, respectively). Of the five stem borer species found in this study, Coniesta ignefusalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (3.5)/Chilo sp. nr. aleniellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (2), Busseola fusca (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (3.1)/Sesamia calamistis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (2.4) and S. calamistis (2.9), with significantly higher number of individuals per plant, tended to be more important pests on millet, sorghum and maize crops, respectively. Although, mean total per cent plant infestation and abundance of stem borers in this study were generally moderate, further studies on the effects of different types of cereals intercropping (locally practiced) on stem borer infestation and abundance should ascertain the true importance of these pest species in the Sudan-Sahelian savanna ecological region of Nigeria.  相似文献   

19.
尹汝湛  张坚 《昆虫知识》1994,31(5):262-267
在华南,秋季水稻收获后,留在田间的一些稻桩,既含有再生稻株,亦藏蛰伏的三化螟幼虫,当再生稻桩率为14%~19%时,其中藏有的三化螟幼虫占该虫总数的47%~65%。由于三化螟得到再生稻株的保护,在整个越冬期间藏于再生株内的蝗虫死亡率偏低,至多为非再生株同时的50%,再生株百株活虫数为26~42头,而非再生株内仅为1~7头。  相似文献   

20.
三化螟种群动态、大发生原因及防治对策   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
报道了江淮南部水稻螟虫演变规律 ,总结了近年来三化螟的发生新特点 ,即发生期提早、主害代提前、发生盛期拉长、主害代数增加、峰次明显增多以及田间虫量超历史水平。分析其回升及暴发原因 ,主要有耕作制度变更、品种与茬口布局变化、栽培方式多样化、暖冬以及天敌寄生率下降。提出了防治对策包括栽培防治、灌水灭蛹和药剂治螟 ,其中药剂治螟的关键是适期施药、适当增加防治次数、合理选用农药和改进施药技术。  相似文献   

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