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利用微型计算机控制的荧光显微镜、荧光强度检测仪和图像记录装置并结合荧光原位杂交法对果蝇细胞核内组蛋白基因的复制时期进行了研究,从而建立了一套细胞内直接定量分析的方法。根据果蝇胚胎原代培养细胞核的DAPII杂色强度确定处于S期的细胞。用杂交信号的荧光强度与细胞核荧光强度的相关关系来反映组蛋白基因的复制时期。结果表明果蝇组蛋白基因的复制是在DNA合成早期进行的。这套方法至少可直接在细胞上对每套基因组1 相似文献
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果蝇唾液腺染色体观察实验的改进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《全日制中学生物学教学大纲》明确规定 :使学生掌握关于染色体、DNA和基因三者之间的相互关系的知识以及基因的概念。笔者在高中生物学教学中利用果蝇三龄幼虫作实验材料 ,并对该实验步骤进行了一些探索和改进 ,在指导学生理解和掌握染色体、DNA与基因的相互关系的知识方面 ,取得了较好的教学效果 ,具体作法如下 :1 实验原理染色体的数量和形态特征跟生物体的性状遗传有着密切的关系 ,而染色体的形态特征又不易观察 ,科学家们发现果蝇三龄虫的唾液腺细胞处于永久早期 ,染色体解旋呈伸展状态。在幼虫发育过程中细胞核中的DNA多次复制 ,… 相似文献
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Nd:YAP激光辐照对雨生红球藻生理效应的荧光分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:Nd:YAP激光辐照对雨生红球藻生理效应的荧光分析j方法:利用Nd:YAG激光(功率10W,辐照剂量为15s、35s、55s)辐照雨生红球藻,在对辐照细胞进行生长测定以及色素吸收光谱分析的基础上,进一步利用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(LSCM),在波长488nm的Ar^+激发光条件下,对细胞的自体荧光以及吖啶橙染色的细胞核荧光物质进行定位定量分析,获得细胞自发荧光光谱和细胞核荧光物质的荧光光谱。结果:①低剂量的Nd:YAG激光辐照(15s左右)对藻细胞有促长作用,生长速率提高20.3%,色素吸收峰的峰值提高25.3%。较高剂量的Nd:YAG激光辐照(35s、55s)对藻细胞生长有抑制作用,并有明显的致死、致突效应。②对自体荧光的分析结果表明,与对照组相比,低剂量激光辐照组的细胞,在荧光光谱的峰型及峰值上变化不大,在682nm处均有较强的荧光发射,而高剂量激光辐照组的细胞多无明显的荧光发射。③对细胞核荧光物质的分析,雨生红球藻细胞在530nm(DNA)和640nm(RNA)处均有荧光发射峰。与对照组相比,低剂量激光辐照组的DNA荧光发射有所增强,但RNA的荧光发射则有所减弱;高剂量激光辐照组的核物质荧光发射谱,在峰型上与对照组存在差异,荧光强度也明显下降。结论:低剂量的Nd:YAP激光辐照对细胞核的DNA合成与复制有一定的刺激作用,可促进光合色素的合成并提高其对光能的吸收效率,从而增强光合活性,促进细胞的增殖与生长;高剂量激光辐照则对细胞的DNA有损伤作用,是致死率上升并发生突变的可能原因。 相似文献
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荧光原位杂交及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
荧光原位杂交(FISH)法是直接从组织或细胞中检测特定DNA或RNA的最有效方法。整个操作过程为:1)制备探针;2)细胞或组织显微镜标本的制作;3)原位分子杂交;4)荧光免疫检测;5)显微镜下观察。其中以1),2)步最为关键。FISH法的最大特点是灵敏度高,并可以进行定量分析。FISH法可应用于染色体上的基因定位,基因表达的检测,病毒感染的检查,特定核酸序列在细胞内的空间分布分析以及核酸复制过程中的定量分析等许多领域的实验中。 相似文献
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对去除DNA、组蛋白和大部分非组蛋白的大麦(Hordeum vulgare)细胞核和染色体间接免疫荧光标记实验结果表明:抗肌球蛋白抗体的荧光标记弥散分布在整个细胞核和染色体上;进一步应用免疫胶体金技术分析肌球蛋白在细胞核和染色体的分布情况,发现在染色体中散布着大量的胶体金颗粒;间期细胞核中胶体金颗粒主要分布在核仁和染色质中。上述实验结果表明:肌球蛋白是细胞核及染色体非组蛋白组成成分。本文还对肌球蛋白在细胞核和染色体中的分布规律进行了讨论。 相似文献
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组蛋白H3/H4的分子伴侣Asf1(anti-silencing factor 1),参与依赖DNA复制及不依赖DNA复制的核小体装配,同时参与转录调控、基因沉默以及DNA损伤修复等过程.在不同生物中,Asf1具有功能的保守性和多样性.嗜热四膜虫ASF1(TTHERM_00442300)基因编码的蛋白质含有保守的N端结构域和酸性的C端结构域.N端结构域同源序列进化树分析表明,Asf1进化与物种进化一致.实时荧光定量PCR表明,ASF1在四膜虫营养生长、饥饿及有性生殖时期均有表达,且在有性生殖4~6 h转录水平达到最高.免疫荧光定位分析表明,HA-Asf1在营养生长时期以及有性生长时期定位于功能大核和小核中,而在凋亡的大核中信号消失.过表达ASF1导致大核及小核变大,抑制细胞增殖.敲减ASF1后会导致大核形态异常,小核缺失.结果表明,ASF1表达对细胞核的形态和结构维持发挥重要的调控作用. 相似文献
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本文研究小牛胸腺DNA和组蛋白在体外低、高离子强度盐溶液中的动态缔合与解离。 实验结果是低离子溶液中荧光给体DANsyl-Cl-组蛋白在发射峰位上荧光强度降低,荧光受体吖啶橙-DNA在发射峰位上的荧光强度增高。此两峰位上荧光受体的荧光增量比值是2.7/1(大于1),有能量转移发生,DNA和组蛋白缔合。高离子溶液中两峰位上受体的荧光增量比值降到1.6/1,能量转移减少,DNA和组蛋白解离。 低离子溶液中所得的吖啶橙-DNA的荧光偏振度P值小而高离子溶液中的P值大。说明解离的DNA硷基排列比缔合的DNA硷基排列有序程度强,进一步证明低离子溶液中DNA和组蛋白是缔合的,而高离子溶液中它们是解离的。 相似文献
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抗菌肽P7抑制大肠杆菌的非膜作用机制北大核心CSCD 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】研究抗菌肽P7抑制大肠杆菌的非膜作用机制。【方法】P7与溴化乙锭竞争结合大肠杆菌基因组DNA的荧光光谱,分析P7与DNA的结合方式;流式细胞术分析P7与大肠杆菌基因组DNA结合对细菌细胞周期的影响;采用磁珠富集和PCR扩增相结合的方法分析P7特异结合的DNA序列;通过实时荧光定量PCR分析P7对大肠杆菌DNA复制和SOS损伤修复基因表达的影响;核酸染料的荧光分析研究P7对大肠杆菌DNA和RNA合成的影响。【结果】P7以嵌插的方式作用于大肠杆菌基因组DNA碱基对并形成肽-DNA复合物,使溴化乙锭-DNA复合体系的荧光强度减弱。P7可以显著增加大肠杆菌细胞周期中S期细胞数目,抑制大肠杆菌DNA复制。P7特异性结合rnh A使该基因表达水平显著下调2.24倍。同时,在肽的影响下参与大肠杆菌DNA复制相关的ssb、dna G、lig B和rnh A基因的表达水平显著下调(P<0.05),DNA损伤修复的rec A和rec N基因显著上调(P<0.05)。P7可降低大肠杆菌DNA和RNA的合成。【结论】P7特异性地结合rnh A序列引起大肠杆菌DNA的损伤并抑制大肠杆菌的DNA复制。在P7的影响下,参与大肠杆菌DNA复制相关的基因的表达水平下调,DNA损伤修复基因显著上调,同时抑制大肠杆菌DNA和RNA的合成。 相似文献
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苜蓿核糖体基因物理定位及染色体荧光分带 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用核糖体基因为探针对,二倍体和四倍体苜蓿(Medicago sativa)进行原位杂交,结果表明,45s在四倍体、二倍体种中总是以单位点位于核仁组织区,5s则有2~3个位点;以二倍体种的基因组DNA为探针的原位杂交表明,蓝花苜蓿(M.coerulea)和黄花苜蓿(M.falcata)均能与四倍体染色体进行杂交,仅杂交信号强弱的染色体数目有差别;荧光染料DAPI使苜蓿的染色体显示带纹,蓝花苜蓿的DAPI带与C-带基本一致.文章对四倍体苜蓿的可能来源进行了讨论. 相似文献
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Kagotani K Takebayashi S Kohda A Taguchi H Paulsen M Walter J Reik W Okumura K 《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2002,66(5):1046-1051
Genomic imprinting is characterized by allele-specific expression of genes within chromosomal domains. Here we show, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, that the large chromosomal domain of the mouse distal chromosome 7 imprinting cluster, approximately 1 Mb in length between p57Kip2 and H19 genes, replicates asynchronously between the two alleles during S-phase. At the telomeric side of this domain, we found a transition from asynchronous replication at the imprinted p57Kip2 gene to synchronous replication at the Nap2 gene. Two-color FISH suggested that the paternal allele of this whole domain replicates earlier than its maternal allele. Treatment of the cells with a histone deacetylase inhibitor abolished this allele-specific feature accompanied with accelerated replication of the later-replicating allele at a domain level. Allele-specific asynchronous replication was observed even in ES cells. These results suggest that this imprinting cluster consists of a large replication domain which is already found at the early stage in development. 相似文献
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Replication timing of 10 developmentally regulated genes in Physarum polycephalum. 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
G Pierron M Benard E Puvion R Flanagan H W Sauer D Pallotta 《Nucleic acids research》1989,17(2):553-566
We have tested the hypothesis which stipulates that only early-replicating genes are capable of expression. Within one cell type of Physarum - the plasmodium - we defined the temporal order of replication of 10 genes which were known to be variably expressed in 4 different developmental stages of the Physarum life cycle. Southern analysis of density-labeled, bromodesoxyuridine-substituted DNA reveals that 4 genes presumably inactive within the plasmodium, were not restricted to any temporal compartment of S-phase: 1 is replicated in early S-phase, 2 in mid S-phase and 1 in late S-phase. On the other hand, 4 out of 6 active genes analysed are duplicated early, with the first 30% of the genome. Surprisingly, the two others active genes are replicated late in S-phase. By gene-dosage analysis, based on quantitation of hybridization signals from early and late replicating genes throughout S-phase, we could pinpoint the replication of one of these two genes at a stage where 80-85% of the genome has duplicated. Our results demonstrate that late replication during S-phase does not preclude gene activity. 相似文献
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) can coinfect the same hepatocyte in the liver of patients with chronic HCV and occult HBV infection 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Rodríguez-Iñigo E Bartolomé J Ortiz-Movilla N Platero C López-Alcorocho JM Pardo M Castillo I Carreño V 《Journal of virology》2005,79(24):15578-15581
In this work, we have shown that hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) can coexist in the same hepatocyte using double fluorescent in situ hybridization in liver biopsy samples from patients with chronic HCV infection with occult HBV infection. Digital image analysis of hybridization signals showed that the HBV DNA levels in coinfected hepatocytes were lower than those in cells infected only with HBV. This finding supports the hypothesis of inhibition of HBV replication by HCV. Furthermore, HCV RNA levels were lower in coinfected cells than in cells infected only with HCV, suggesting that HBV may also inhibit HCV replication. 相似文献
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Cell-cycle-dependent gene expression studied by two-colour fluorescent detection of a mRNA and histone mRNA 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We investigated whether a probe specific for histone H3 mRNA could be used as a marker to study cell-cycle dependency of gene expression by double-fluorescent RNA in situ hybridization (FISH). First, we showed that all S-phase cells in cell cultures having incorporated BrdU revealed histone H3 mRNA expression by RNA FISH, indicating that histone H3 expression is a reliable marker for S-phase cells. Second, we analysed whether the expression of human cytomegalovirus immediate early genes in rat 9G cells, which are known to be induced in an S-phase dependent way by cycloheximide, correlated with the expression of histone H3 mRNA. Double-hybridization experiments with a digoxigenin-labelled probe for IE mRNA and a fluoresceinated probe for histone H3 mRNA revealed that cells expressing IE mRNA also expressed histone H3 mRNA. Third, we examined the cell-cycle dependency of luciferase gene expression in X1 cells. Luciferase mRNA is heterogeneously expressed in X1 cell cultures, but cells expressing luciferase did not necessarily express histone H3 mRNA. This indicates that luciferase gene expression in X1 cells is not induced during S-phase. The results of our study show that histone H3 mRNA expression can be successfully used as a marker to establish cell-cycle dependency of gene expression by double-RNA FISH. 相似文献